Albania - Building Competitiveness : Sector Case Studies - Apparel and Footwear, Tourism, and Mining
Commitment to structural reforms and to economic stabilization has enabled high rates of gross domestic product (GDP) growth in Albania since the start of transition, and consequent reductions in poverty. The crisis caused by the collapse of '...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Investment Climate Assessment (ICA) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
World Bank
2012
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333038_20100331010718 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3177 |
| id |
okr-10986-3177 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY ACCOUNTING ADVERTISING APPAREL APPAREL EXPORTS APPAREL INDUSTRIES APPAREL INDUSTRY APPAREL PRODUCTS APPAREL SECTOR APPAREL TRADE ASSET MANAGEMENT BENCHMARK BENCHMARKS BENEFICIARY BID BONDS BRAND BRAND NAME BRAND NAMES BRANDED MERCHANDISE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAPACITY BUILDING CAPACITY OF FIRMS CAPITAL GOODS CENTRALIZATION COLLATERAL COMMERCIAL BANKS COMMODITY PRICES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMERS CREDIT INFORMATION DEBT DEBT SERVICING DECENTRALIZATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS ECONOMIC GROWTH EMERGING ECONOMIES ENVIRONMENTAL EQUILIBRIUM EQUIPMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENTS EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PROCESSING EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES EXPORT SECTORS EXPORT STRUCTURE EXPORTER EXPORTERS EXPORTS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FINANCIAL RESOURCES FINISHED PRODUCTS FORECASTS FOREIGN COMPANIES FOREIGN CURRENCY FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INTEREST FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTOR FOREIGN INVESTORS GEOGRAPHIC PROXIMITY GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKET GLOBAL TRADE GOVERNMENT POLICIES GROWTH RATE HUMAN RESOURCE IMPORT PRODUCTS INDUSTRIAL SITES INFORMATION DISSEMINATION INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INSURANCE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL INTEREST INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORY INVESTMENT CLIMATE INVESTMENT PROJECTS INVESTMENT RATES INVESTMENT STRATEGY INVESTOR CONFIDENCE INVESTOR INTEREST LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LEGAL FRAMEWORK LOAN LOCAL ECONOMY LONG-TERM INVESTMENT LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS MARKET CONCENTRATION MARKET FAILURES MARKET PENETRATION MARKET SEGMENT MARKET SEGMENTS MARKETING MATURITY MERCHANDISE MERCHANDISE EXPORTS METALS MICRO-ENTERPRISES MINIMUM WAGE MONOPOLY NATIONAL BANK PERSONAL PROPERTY PERSONAL PROPERTY AS COLLATERAL PLANNED ECONOMY POLICY ENVIRONMENT POLITICAL STABILITY PRIMARY MARKET PRODUCERS PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCT QUALITY PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC GOODS QUALITY STANDARDS REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS RENEWABLE RESOURCES REPAYMENT REPAYMENT PERIODS RETAIL RETURNS SALE SALES SMALL BUSINESS SMALL LOANS SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CHAIN SUPPLY CHAINS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TAX TAX CODE TAX POLICY TAX RATE TAX RATES TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TOTAL COSTS TRADE DATA TRADE LOGISTICS TRADE PREFERENCES TRADEMARK TRADING TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS TURNOVER UNSKILLED LABOR VALUE ADDED WAGES WHOLESALERS WORKING CAPITAL |
| spellingShingle |
ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY ACCOUNTING ADVERTISING APPAREL APPAREL EXPORTS APPAREL INDUSTRIES APPAREL INDUSTRY APPAREL PRODUCTS APPAREL SECTOR APPAREL TRADE ASSET MANAGEMENT BENCHMARK BENCHMARKS BENEFICIARY BID BONDS BRAND BRAND NAME BRAND NAMES BRANDED MERCHANDISE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAPACITY BUILDING CAPACITY OF FIRMS CAPITAL GOODS CENTRALIZATION COLLATERAL COMMERCIAL BANKS COMMODITY PRICES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMERS CREDIT INFORMATION DEBT DEBT SERVICING DECENTRALIZATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS ECONOMIC GROWTH EMERGING ECONOMIES ENVIRONMENTAL EQUILIBRIUM EQUIPMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENTS EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PROCESSING EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES EXPORT SECTORS EXPORT STRUCTURE EXPORTER EXPORTERS EXPORTS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FINANCIAL RESOURCES FINISHED PRODUCTS FORECASTS FOREIGN COMPANIES FOREIGN CURRENCY FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INTEREST FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTOR FOREIGN INVESTORS GEOGRAPHIC PROXIMITY GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKET GLOBAL TRADE GOVERNMENT POLICIES GROWTH RATE HUMAN RESOURCE IMPORT PRODUCTS INDUSTRIAL SITES INFORMATION DISSEMINATION INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INSURANCE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL INTEREST INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORY INVESTMENT CLIMATE INVESTMENT PROJECTS INVESTMENT RATES INVESTMENT STRATEGY INVESTOR CONFIDENCE INVESTOR INTEREST LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LEGAL FRAMEWORK LOAN LOCAL ECONOMY LONG-TERM INVESTMENT LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS MARKET CONCENTRATION MARKET FAILURES MARKET PENETRATION MARKET SEGMENT MARKET SEGMENTS MARKETING MATURITY MERCHANDISE MERCHANDISE EXPORTS METALS MICRO-ENTERPRISES MINIMUM WAGE MONOPOLY NATIONAL BANK PERSONAL PROPERTY PERSONAL PROPERTY AS COLLATERAL PLANNED ECONOMY POLICY ENVIRONMENT POLITICAL STABILITY PRIMARY MARKET PRODUCERS PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCT QUALITY PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC GOODS QUALITY STANDARDS REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS RENEWABLE RESOURCES REPAYMENT REPAYMENT PERIODS RETAIL RETURNS SALE SALES SMALL BUSINESS SMALL LOANS SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CHAIN SUPPLY CHAINS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TAX TAX CODE TAX POLICY TAX RATE TAX RATES TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TOTAL COSTS TRADE DATA TRADE LOGISTICS TRADE PREFERENCES TRADEMARK TRADING TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS TURNOVER UNSKILLED LABOR VALUE ADDED WAGES WHOLESALERS WORKING CAPITAL World Bank Albania - Building Competitiveness : Sector Case Studies - Apparel and Footwear, Tourism, and Mining |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Europe Eastern Europe Albania |
| description |
Commitment to structural reforms and to
economic stabilization has enabled high rates of gross
domestic product (GDP) growth in Albania since the start of
transition, and consequent reductions in poverty. The crisis
caused by the collapse of 'pyramid' investment
schemes in late 1996 and early 1997, the Government began to
implement a stabilization and reform program which has
resulted in rates of economic growth averaging more than
five percent annually between 1998 and 2007. Strong growth
has in turn made possible a 6.8 percentage point decline in
the poverty headcount, a higher drop than in most countries
in the (Eastern) Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region. These
achievements have been underpinned by prudent fiscal and
monetary policies. Budget deficits have been kept under
control, declining from an average of around 10 percent of
GDP in the late 1990s to less than 4 percent since 2005. In
parallel, a monetary targeting regime has ensured price
stability, with inflation remaining at around 3 percent in
recent years. This report discusses how Albania can improve
its long term competitiveness and growth by facilitating
firms' ability to employ technology and skills and by
closing the gap between formal regulations and actual
enforcement. The second chapter sets the stage by presenting
the macroeconomic setting, as well as key structural
features of the Albanian economy. The third chapter provides
an overview of investment climate constraints on firm
performance. The crucial pillars of the investment climate
that affect firm performance that is to say: (i) access to
and adoption of knowledge by Albanian firms, and (ii) the
gap between formal and informal regulation are treated in
chapters four and five respectively. Chapter six concludes
and summarizes policy recommendations. |
| format |
Economic & Sector Work :: Investment Climate Assessment (ICA) |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
Albania - Building Competitiveness : Sector Case Studies - Apparel and Footwear, Tourism, and Mining |
| title_short |
Albania - Building Competitiveness : Sector Case Studies - Apparel and Footwear, Tourism, and Mining |
| title_full |
Albania - Building Competitiveness : Sector Case Studies - Apparel and Footwear, Tourism, and Mining |
| title_fullStr |
Albania - Building Competitiveness : Sector Case Studies - Apparel and Footwear, Tourism, and Mining |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Albania - Building Competitiveness : Sector Case Studies - Apparel and Footwear, Tourism, and Mining |
| title_sort |
albania - building competitiveness : sector case studies - apparel and footwear, tourism, and mining |
| publisher |
World Bank |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333038_20100331010718 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3177 |
| _version_ |
1764386567116292096 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-31772021-04-23T14:02:07Z Albania - Building Competitiveness : Sector Case Studies - Apparel and Footwear, Tourism, and Mining World Bank ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY ACCOUNTING ADVERTISING APPAREL APPAREL EXPORTS APPAREL INDUSTRIES APPAREL INDUSTRY APPAREL PRODUCTS APPAREL SECTOR APPAREL TRADE ASSET MANAGEMENT BENCHMARK BENCHMARKS BENEFICIARY BID BONDS BRAND BRAND NAME BRAND NAMES BRANDED MERCHANDISE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAPACITY BUILDING CAPACITY OF FIRMS CAPITAL GOODS CENTRALIZATION COLLATERAL COMMERCIAL BANKS COMMODITY PRICES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMERS CREDIT INFORMATION DEBT DEBT SERVICING DECENTRALIZATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS ECONOMIC GROWTH EMERGING ECONOMIES ENVIRONMENTAL EQUILIBRIUM EQUIPMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENTS EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PROCESSING EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES EXPORT SECTORS EXPORT STRUCTURE EXPORTER EXPORTERS EXPORTS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FINANCIAL RESOURCES FINISHED PRODUCTS FORECASTS FOREIGN COMPANIES FOREIGN CURRENCY FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INTEREST FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTOR FOREIGN INVESTORS GEOGRAPHIC PROXIMITY GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKET GLOBAL TRADE GOVERNMENT POLICIES GROWTH RATE HUMAN RESOURCE IMPORT PRODUCTS INDUSTRIAL SITES INFORMATION DISSEMINATION INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INSURANCE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL INTEREST INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORY INVESTMENT CLIMATE INVESTMENT PROJECTS INVESTMENT RATES INVESTMENT STRATEGY INVESTOR CONFIDENCE INVESTOR INTEREST LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LEGAL FRAMEWORK LOAN LOCAL ECONOMY LONG-TERM INVESTMENT LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS MARKET CONCENTRATION MARKET FAILURES MARKET PENETRATION MARKET SEGMENT MARKET SEGMENTS MARKETING MATURITY MERCHANDISE MERCHANDISE EXPORTS METALS MICRO-ENTERPRISES MINIMUM WAGE MONOPOLY NATIONAL BANK PERSONAL PROPERTY PERSONAL PROPERTY AS COLLATERAL PLANNED ECONOMY POLICY ENVIRONMENT POLITICAL STABILITY PRIMARY MARKET PRODUCERS PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCT QUALITY PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC GOODS QUALITY STANDARDS REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS RENEWABLE RESOURCES REPAYMENT REPAYMENT PERIODS RETAIL RETURNS SALE SALES SMALL BUSINESS SMALL LOANS SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CHAIN SUPPLY CHAINS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TAX TAX CODE TAX POLICY TAX RATE TAX RATES TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TOTAL COSTS TRADE DATA TRADE LOGISTICS TRADE PREFERENCES TRADEMARK TRADING TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS TURNOVER UNSKILLED LABOR VALUE ADDED WAGES WHOLESALERS WORKING CAPITAL Commitment to structural reforms and to economic stabilization has enabled high rates of gross domestic product (GDP) growth in Albania since the start of transition, and consequent reductions in poverty. The crisis caused by the collapse of 'pyramid' investment schemes in late 1996 and early 1997, the Government began to implement a stabilization and reform program which has resulted in rates of economic growth averaging more than five percent annually between 1998 and 2007. Strong growth has in turn made possible a 6.8 percentage point decline in the poverty headcount, a higher drop than in most countries in the (Eastern) Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region. These achievements have been underpinned by prudent fiscal and monetary policies. Budget deficits have been kept under control, declining from an average of around 10 percent of GDP in the late 1990s to less than 4 percent since 2005. In parallel, a monetary targeting regime has ensured price stability, with inflation remaining at around 3 percent in recent years. This report discusses how Albania can improve its long term competitiveness and growth by facilitating firms' ability to employ technology and skills and by closing the gap between formal regulations and actual enforcement. The second chapter sets the stage by presenting the macroeconomic setting, as well as key structural features of the Albanian economy. The third chapter provides an overview of investment climate constraints on firm performance. The crucial pillars of the investment climate that affect firm performance that is to say: (i) access to and adoption of knowledge by Albanian firms, and (ii) the gap between formal and informal regulation are treated in chapters four and five respectively. Chapter six concludes and summarizes policy recommendations. 2012-03-19T17:26:12Z 2012-03-19T17:26:12Z 2009-10-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333038_20100331010718 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3177 English CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank Economic & Sector Work :: Investment Climate Assessment (ICA) Europe and Central Asia Europe Eastern Europe Albania |