Preschool Availability and Female Labor Force Participation : Evidence from Indonesia

At 50.9 percent, female labor force participation in Indonesia is far below the regional average of 60.8 percent. Is it being hindered by a lack of affordable childcare services in the country? This paper exploits the joint variations in preschool...

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Main Authors:	Halim, Daniel, Johnson, Hillary C., Perova, Elizaveta
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2019
Subjects:	FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ACCESS TO EDUCATION PRESCHOOL MATERNAL EMPLOYMENT CHILDCARE GENDER INNOVATION LAB
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/393431561484915075/Preschool-Availability-and-Female-Labor-Force-Participation-Evidence-from-Indonesia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/31980

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recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-319802022-09-20T00:14:25Z Preschool Availability and Female Labor Force Participation : Evidence from Indonesia Halim, Daniel Johnson, Hillary C. Perova, Elizaveta FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ACCESS TO EDUCATION PRESCHOOL MATERNAL EMPLOYMENT CHILDCARE GENDER INNOVATION LAB At 50.9 percent, female labor force participation in Indonesia is far below the regional average of 60.8 percent. Is it being hindered by a lack of affordable childcare services in the country? This paper exploits the joint variations in preschool age eligibility and access to preschool across regions and over years in a difference-in-difference-in-differences framework. With a longitudinal survey that tracks individuals for an average of 22 years, a panel of mothers was constructed to estimate the elasticity of maternal employment to preschool access. The analysis finds that an additional public preschool per 1,000 children increases the work participation of mothers of preschool age eligible children by 11-16 percent from the baseline mean. Private preschools do not increase work participation at the extensive margin, but they increase the likelihood of holding a second job. The availability of preschools induces mothers to informal sector occupations that do not require full-time commitments. 2019-06-26T20:30:24Z 2019-06-26T20:30:24Z 2019-06 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/393431561484915075/Preschool-Availability-and-Female-Labor-Force-Participation-Evidence-from-Indonesia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/31980 English Policy Research Working Paper;No. 8915 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper East Asia and Pacific Indonesia
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ACCESS TO EDUCATION PRESCHOOL MATERNAL EMPLOYMENT CHILDCARE GENDER INNOVATION LAB
spellingShingle	FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ACCESS TO EDUCATION PRESCHOOL MATERNAL EMPLOYMENT CHILDCARE GENDER INNOVATION LAB Halim, Daniel Johnson, Hillary C. Perova, Elizaveta Preschool Availability and Female Labor Force Participation : Evidence from Indonesia
geographic_facet	East Asia and Pacific Indonesia
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 8915
description	At 50.9 percent, female labor force participation in Indonesia is far below the regional average of 60.8 percent. Is it being hindered by a lack of affordable childcare services in the country? This paper exploits the joint variations in preschool age eligibility and access to preschool across regions and over years in a difference-in-difference-in-differences framework. With a longitudinal survey that tracks individuals for an average of 22 years, a panel of mothers was constructed to estimate the elasticity of maternal employment to preschool access. The analysis finds that an additional public preschool per 1,000 children increases the work participation of mothers of preschool age eligible children by 11-16 percent from the baseline mean. Private preschools do not increase work participation at the extensive margin, but they increase the likelihood of holding a second job. The availability of preschools induces mothers to informal sector occupations that do not require full-time commitments.
format	Working Paper
author	Halim, Daniel Johnson, Hillary C. Perova, Elizaveta
author_facet	Halim, Daniel Johnson, Hillary C. Perova, Elizaveta
author_sort	Halim, Daniel
title	Preschool Availability and Female Labor Force Participation : Evidence from Indonesia
title_short	Preschool Availability and Female Labor Force Participation : Evidence from Indonesia
title_full	Preschool Availability and Female Labor Force Participation : Evidence from Indonesia
title_fullStr	Preschool Availability and Female Labor Force Participation : Evidence from Indonesia
title_full_unstemmed	Preschool Availability and Female Labor Force Participation : Evidence from Indonesia
title_sort	preschool availability and female labor force participation : evidence from indonesia
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2019
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/393431561484915075/Preschool-Availability-and-Female-Labor-Force-Participation-Evidence-from-Indonesia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/31980
_version_	1764475509728608256

Preschool Availability and Female Labor Force Participation : Evidence from Indonesia

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