Informality, Harassment, and Corruption : Evidence from Informal Enterprise Data from Harare, Zimbabwe

Informality, Harassment, and Corruption : Evidence from Informal Enterprise Data from Harare, Zimbabwe

New representative survey data for Harare, Zimbabwe are used to analyze the conditions under which informal businesses encounter requests for bribes. A simple model develops basic expectations of bribe exposure: those with higher opportunity costs...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Francis, David C.
Format: Working Paper
Language:English
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2019
Subjects:
INFORMALITY
INFORMAL ECONOMY
CORRUPTION
BRIBERY
HARASSMENT
ENTERPRISE SURVEYS
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
MICROENTERPRISES
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/410811561563187656/Informality-Harassment-and-Corruption-Evidence-from-Informal-Enterprise-Data-from-Harare-Zimbabwe
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/31983
id okr-10986-31983
recordtype oai_dc
spelling okr-10986-319832022-09-05T00:23:45Z Informality, Harassment, and Corruption : Evidence from Informal Enterprise Data from Harare, Zimbabwe Francis, David C. INFORMALITY INFORMAL ECONOMY CORRUPTION BRIBERY HARASSMENT ENTERPRISE SURVEYS BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT MICROENTERPRISES New representative survey data for Harare, Zimbabwe are used to analyze the conditions under which informal businesses encounter requests for bribes. A simple model develops basic expectations of bribe exposure: those with higher opportunity costs of formalizing and with a higher ability to pay (resources) are expected to face a higher bribe risk. Empirical results find that informal businesses operating out of necessity are likelier to have a bribe demanded of them. Robustness checks are performed to account for the endogeneity of the main regressors, through a bivariate probit specification, using an instrumental variable of whether an informal business owner started in the area of activity before the country's 2009 dollarization. Limited significant results are found for the effect of revenues (ability to pay). 2019-06-26T20:54:09Z 2019-06-26T20:54:09Z 2019-06 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/410811561563187656/Informality-Harassment-and-Corruption-Evidence-from-Informal-Enterprise-Data-from-Harare-Zimbabwe http://hdl.handle.net/10986/31983 English Policy Research Working Paper;No. 8918 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Africa Zimbabwe
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
topic INFORMALITY
INFORMAL ECONOMY
CORRUPTION
BRIBERY
HARASSMENT
ENTERPRISE SURVEYS
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
MICROENTERPRISES
spellingShingle INFORMALITY
INFORMAL ECONOMY
CORRUPTION
BRIBERY
HARASSMENT
ENTERPRISE SURVEYS
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
MICROENTERPRISES
Francis, David C.
Informality, Harassment, and Corruption : Evidence from Informal Enterprise Data from Harare, Zimbabwe
geographic_facet Africa
Zimbabwe
relation Policy Research Working Paper;No. 8918
description New representative survey data for Harare, Zimbabwe are used to analyze the conditions under which informal businesses encounter requests for bribes. A simple model develops basic expectations of bribe exposure: those with higher opportunity costs of formalizing and with a higher ability to pay (resources) are expected to face a higher bribe risk. Empirical results find that informal businesses operating out of necessity are likelier to have a bribe demanded of them. Robustness checks are performed to account for the endogeneity of the main regressors, through a bivariate probit specification, using an instrumental variable of whether an informal business owner started in the area of activity before the country's 2009 dollarization. Limited significant results are found for the effect of revenues (ability to pay).
format Working Paper
author Francis, David C.
author_facet Francis, David C.
author_sort Francis, David C.
title Informality, Harassment, and Corruption : Evidence from Informal Enterprise Data from Harare, Zimbabwe
title_short Informality, Harassment, and Corruption : Evidence from Informal Enterprise Data from Harare, Zimbabwe
title_full Informality, Harassment, and Corruption : Evidence from Informal Enterprise Data from Harare, Zimbabwe
title_fullStr Informality, Harassment, and Corruption : Evidence from Informal Enterprise Data from Harare, Zimbabwe
title_full_unstemmed Informality, Harassment, and Corruption : Evidence from Informal Enterprise Data from Harare, Zimbabwe
title_sort informality, harassment, and corruption : evidence from informal enterprise data from harare, zimbabwe
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2019
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/410811561563187656/Informality-Harassment-and-Corruption-Evidence-from-Informal-Enterprise-Data-from-Harare-Zimbabwe
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/31983
_version_ 1764475516833759232

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