The Wage Effects of Immigration and Emigration
Immigrants in Rome or Paris are more visible to the public eye than the Italian or French engineers in Silicon Valley, especially when it comes to the debate on the effects of immigration on the employment and wages of natives in high-income countr...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110201112949 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3326 |
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okr-10986-3326 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
AGGREGATE INCOME AVERAGE EDUCATION LEVEL AVERAGE WAGE AVERAGE WAGES BRAIN DRAIN BRAIN DRAIN MIGRATION BRAIN GAIN BRAIN WASTE BUSINESS CYCLE CAPITAL-LABOR RATIO CENSUS DATA CENSUSES CITIZENS CITIZENSHIP CLOSED ECONOMIES CLOSED ECONOMY COBB-DOUGLAS PRODUCTION FUNCTION COLLEGE GRADUATE COLLEGE GRADUATES COMPENSATION COUNTRIES OF EMIGRATION COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA DATA ON IMMIGRATION DEMAND FOR LABOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DOMESTIC LABOR DOMESTIC LABOR MARKET ECONOMIC GROWTH EDUCATED MIGRANTS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL LEVEL EDUCATIONAL STATUS EFFECTS OF MIGRATION EMIGRANTS EMIGRATION EMIGRATION LEVELS EMIGRATION RATE EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT RATES EUROPEAN LABOR EXPATRIATES FOREIGN WORKERS FOREIGNERS FORMAL EDUCATION GROSS EMIGRATION GROSS IMMIGRATION HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGHLY SKILLED WORKERS HOME COUNTRIES HOST COUNTRIES HOST COUNTRY HUMAN CAPITAL ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANT FROM COUNTRY IMMIGRANT POPULATION IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION IMMIGRATION LEVELS IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION INCOME DISTRIBUTION INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONS INTERNATIONAL MOBILITY JOB CREATION JOBS LABOR DEMAND LABOR DEMAND CURVE LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCES LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET IMPACT LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOVEMENTS LABOR RATIO LABOR SUPPLIES LABOR SUPPLY LABOR-MARKET LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LABOUR MARKET INSTITUTIONS LEGAL STATUS LONG-RUN EFFECT LOW EMPLOYMENT MIGRANT MIGRANT LABOR MIGRANT LABOR FORCE MIGRANT POPULATIONS MIGRANT STOCK MIGRATION DATA MIGRATION FLOWS MIGRATION PATTERNS MIGRATION STATISTICS MIGRATIONS NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONALS NATIVE WORKERS NATURALIZATION NET IMMIGRATION NET MIGRATION OCCUPATIONS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION DATA PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY GAIN PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL PROGRESS PUBLIC ATTENTION QUALITY OF EDUCATION RESPECT RETURN MIGRATION RETURNEES RICHER COUNTRIES SECONDARY EDUCATION SKILL COMPOSITION SKILL COMPOSITION OF MIGRANTS SKILL GROUP SKILL GROUPS SKILL LEVEL SKILL LEVELS SKILL PREMIUM SKILL STRUCTURE SKILLED MIGRANTS SKILLED OCCUPATIONS SKILLED WORKERS SOCIAL PROTECTION TERTIARY EDUCATION TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS UNDOCUMENTED MIGRANTS UNDOCUMENTED MIGRATION UNDOCUMENTED WORKERS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT LEVELS UNSKILLED JOBS VISAS WAGE DISTRIBUTION WAGE EFFECT WAGE EFFECTS WAGE GAINS WAGE GAP WAGE IMPACT WAGE INCREASE WAGE INEQUALITY WAGE LEVEL WAGE LOSSES WAGE RATES WORKFORCE WORKING-AGE POPULATION |
| spellingShingle |
AGGREGATE INCOME AVERAGE EDUCATION LEVEL AVERAGE WAGE AVERAGE WAGES BRAIN DRAIN BRAIN DRAIN MIGRATION BRAIN GAIN BRAIN WASTE BUSINESS CYCLE CAPITAL-LABOR RATIO CENSUS DATA CENSUSES CITIZENS CITIZENSHIP CLOSED ECONOMIES CLOSED ECONOMY COBB-DOUGLAS PRODUCTION FUNCTION COLLEGE GRADUATE COLLEGE GRADUATES COMPENSATION COUNTRIES OF EMIGRATION COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA DATA ON IMMIGRATION DEMAND FOR LABOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DOMESTIC LABOR DOMESTIC LABOR MARKET ECONOMIC GROWTH EDUCATED MIGRANTS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL LEVEL EDUCATIONAL STATUS EFFECTS OF MIGRATION EMIGRANTS EMIGRATION EMIGRATION LEVELS EMIGRATION RATE EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT RATES EUROPEAN LABOR EXPATRIATES FOREIGN WORKERS FOREIGNERS FORMAL EDUCATION GROSS EMIGRATION GROSS IMMIGRATION HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGHLY SKILLED WORKERS HOME COUNTRIES HOST COUNTRIES HOST COUNTRY HUMAN CAPITAL ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANT FROM COUNTRY IMMIGRANT POPULATION IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION IMMIGRATION LEVELS IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION INCOME DISTRIBUTION INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONS INTERNATIONAL MOBILITY JOB CREATION JOBS LABOR DEMAND LABOR DEMAND CURVE LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCES LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET IMPACT LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOVEMENTS LABOR RATIO LABOR SUPPLIES LABOR SUPPLY LABOR-MARKET LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LABOUR MARKET INSTITUTIONS LEGAL STATUS LONG-RUN EFFECT LOW EMPLOYMENT MIGRANT MIGRANT LABOR MIGRANT LABOR FORCE MIGRANT POPULATIONS MIGRANT STOCK MIGRATION DATA MIGRATION FLOWS MIGRATION PATTERNS MIGRATION STATISTICS MIGRATIONS NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONALS NATIVE WORKERS NATURALIZATION NET IMMIGRATION NET MIGRATION OCCUPATIONS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION DATA PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY GAIN PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL PROGRESS PUBLIC ATTENTION QUALITY OF EDUCATION RESPECT RETURN MIGRATION RETURNEES RICHER COUNTRIES SECONDARY EDUCATION SKILL COMPOSITION SKILL COMPOSITION OF MIGRANTS SKILL GROUP SKILL GROUPS SKILL LEVEL SKILL LEVELS SKILL PREMIUM SKILL STRUCTURE SKILLED MIGRANTS SKILLED OCCUPATIONS SKILLED WORKERS SOCIAL PROTECTION TERTIARY EDUCATION TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS UNDOCUMENTED MIGRANTS UNDOCUMENTED MIGRATION UNDOCUMENTED WORKERS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT LEVELS UNSKILLED JOBS VISAS WAGE DISTRIBUTION WAGE EFFECT WAGE EFFECTS WAGE GAINS WAGE GAP WAGE IMPACT WAGE INCREASE WAGE INEQUALITY WAGE LEVEL WAGE LOSSES WAGE RATES WORKFORCE WORKING-AGE POPULATION Docquier, Frederic Ozden, Caglar Peri, Giovanni The Wage Effects of Immigration and Emigration |
| geographic_facet |
The World Region The World Region |
| relation |
Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change
Program (KCP),Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5556 |
| description |
Immigrants in Rome or Paris are more
visible to the public eye than the Italian or French
engineers in Silicon Valley, especially when it comes to the
debate on the effects of immigration on the employment and
wages of natives in high-income countries. This paper argues
that such public fears, especially in European countries are
misplaced; instead, more concern should be directed towards
emigration. Using a new dataset on migration flows by
education levels for the period 1990-2000, the results show
the following: First, immigration had zero to small positive
long-run effect on the average wages of natives, ranging
from zero in Italy to +1.7 percent in Australia. Second,
emigration had a mild to significant negative long-run
effect ranging from zero for the US to -0.8 percent in the
UK. Third, over the period 1990-2000, immigration generally
improved the income distribution of European countries while
emigration worsened it by increasing the wage gap between
the high and low skilled natives. These patterns hold true
using a range of parameters for the simulations, accounting
for the estimates of undocumented immigrants, and correcting
for the quality of schooling and/or labor-market downgrading
of skills. All results go counter to the popular beliefs
about migration, but they are due to the higher skill
intensity of both emigration and immigration relative to non-migrants. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Docquier, Frederic Ozden, Caglar Peri, Giovanni |
| author_facet |
Docquier, Frederic Ozden, Caglar Peri, Giovanni |
| author_sort |
Docquier, Frederic |
| title |
The Wage Effects of Immigration and Emigration |
| title_short |
The Wage Effects of Immigration and Emigration |
| title_full |
The Wage Effects of Immigration and Emigration |
| title_fullStr |
The Wage Effects of Immigration and Emigration |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Wage Effects of Immigration and Emigration |
| title_sort |
wage effects of immigration and emigration |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110201112949 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3326 |
| _version_ |
1764386799560425472 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-33262021-04-23T14:02:08Z The Wage Effects of Immigration and Emigration Docquier, Frederic Ozden, Caglar Peri, Giovanni AGGREGATE INCOME AVERAGE EDUCATION LEVEL AVERAGE WAGE AVERAGE WAGES BRAIN DRAIN BRAIN DRAIN MIGRATION BRAIN GAIN BRAIN WASTE BUSINESS CYCLE CAPITAL-LABOR RATIO CENSUS DATA CENSUSES CITIZENS CITIZENSHIP CLOSED ECONOMIES CLOSED ECONOMY COBB-DOUGLAS PRODUCTION FUNCTION COLLEGE GRADUATE COLLEGE GRADUATES COMPENSATION COUNTRIES OF EMIGRATION COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA DATA ON IMMIGRATION DEMAND FOR LABOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DOMESTIC LABOR DOMESTIC LABOR MARKET ECONOMIC GROWTH EDUCATED MIGRANTS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL LEVEL EDUCATIONAL STATUS EFFECTS OF MIGRATION EMIGRANTS EMIGRATION EMIGRATION LEVELS EMIGRATION RATE EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT RATES EUROPEAN LABOR EXPATRIATES FOREIGN WORKERS FOREIGNERS FORMAL EDUCATION GROSS EMIGRATION GROSS IMMIGRATION HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGHLY SKILLED WORKERS HOME COUNTRIES HOST COUNTRIES HOST COUNTRY HUMAN CAPITAL ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANT FROM COUNTRY IMMIGRANT POPULATION IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION IMMIGRATION LEVELS IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION INCOME DISTRIBUTION INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONS INTERNATIONAL MOBILITY JOB CREATION JOBS LABOR DEMAND LABOR DEMAND CURVE LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCES LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET IMPACT LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOVEMENTS LABOR RATIO LABOR SUPPLIES LABOR SUPPLY LABOR-MARKET LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LABOUR MARKET INSTITUTIONS LEGAL STATUS LONG-RUN EFFECT LOW EMPLOYMENT MIGRANT MIGRANT LABOR MIGRANT LABOR FORCE MIGRANT POPULATIONS MIGRANT STOCK MIGRATION DATA MIGRATION FLOWS MIGRATION PATTERNS MIGRATION STATISTICS MIGRATIONS NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONALS NATIVE WORKERS NATURALIZATION NET IMMIGRATION NET MIGRATION OCCUPATIONS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION DATA PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY GAIN PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL PROGRESS PUBLIC ATTENTION QUALITY OF EDUCATION RESPECT RETURN MIGRATION RETURNEES RICHER COUNTRIES SECONDARY EDUCATION SKILL COMPOSITION SKILL COMPOSITION OF MIGRANTS SKILL GROUP SKILL GROUPS SKILL LEVEL SKILL LEVELS SKILL PREMIUM SKILL STRUCTURE SKILLED MIGRANTS SKILLED OCCUPATIONS SKILLED WORKERS SOCIAL PROTECTION TERTIARY EDUCATION TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS UNDOCUMENTED MIGRANTS UNDOCUMENTED MIGRATION UNDOCUMENTED WORKERS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT LEVELS UNSKILLED JOBS VISAS WAGE DISTRIBUTION WAGE EFFECT WAGE EFFECTS WAGE GAINS WAGE GAP WAGE IMPACT WAGE INCREASE WAGE INEQUALITY WAGE LEVEL WAGE LOSSES WAGE RATES WORKFORCE WORKING-AGE POPULATION Immigrants in Rome or Paris are more visible to the public eye than the Italian or French engineers in Silicon Valley, especially when it comes to the debate on the effects of immigration on the employment and wages of natives in high-income countries. This paper argues that such public fears, especially in European countries are misplaced; instead, more concern should be directed towards emigration. Using a new dataset on migration flows by education levels for the period 1990-2000, the results show the following: First, immigration had zero to small positive long-run effect on the average wages of natives, ranging from zero in Italy to +1.7 percent in Australia. Second, emigration had a mild to significant negative long-run effect ranging from zero for the US to -0.8 percent in the UK. Third, over the period 1990-2000, immigration generally improved the income distribution of European countries while emigration worsened it by increasing the wage gap between the high and low skilled natives. These patterns hold true using a range of parameters for the simulations, accounting for the estimates of undocumented immigrants, and correcting for the quality of schooling and/or labor-market downgrading of skills. All results go counter to the popular beliefs about migration, but they are due to the higher skill intensity of both emigration and immigration relative to non-migrants. 2012-03-19T18:00:23Z 2012-03-19T18:00:23Z 2011-02-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110201112949 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3326 English Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change Program (KCP),Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5556 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper The World Region The World Region |