How Do Special Economic Zones and Industrial Clusters Drive China’s Rapid Development?

In the past 30 years, China has achieved phenomenal economic growth, an unprecedented development "miracle" in human history. How did China achieve this rapid growth? What have been its key drivers? And, most important, what can be learne...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Zeng, Douglas Zhihua
Format: Policy Research Working Paper
Language:English
Published: 2012
Subjects:
OIL
R&D
TAX
WEB
Online Access:http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110301083120
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3349
id okr-10986-3349
recordtype oai_dc
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
topic ACCOUNTING
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM
BANK LOANS
BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
BUSINESS ACTIVITY
BUSINESS CENTER
BUSINESS CLIMATE
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
BUSINESS NEEDS
BUSINESS PLANNING
BUSINESS SECTOR
BUSINESS SERVICES
BUSINESS VALUE
BUSINESSES
BUYERS
CAPITAL CITIES
CAPITAL CONSTRAINTS
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL INVESTMENTS
CHECKS
CITIES
CLIMATE CHANGE
COLLABORATION
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
COMPETITIVENESS
COMPUTERS
CONCESSIONARY TAX
CORPORATE TAX RATE
CREDIT POLICIES
CURRENCY
CUSTOMS
CUSTOMS CLEARANCE
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT BANK
DIRECT INVESTMENTS
DIVISION OF LABOR
DOMESTIC MARKET
DOMESTIC MARKETS
DRIVERS
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
ECONOMIC BENEFITS
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION
ECONOMIC POLICIES
ECONOMICS
ECONOMIES OF SCALE
ELECTRICITY
EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
EMPLOYMENT
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS
ENGINEERS
ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE
ENTRY BARRIERS
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
EQUIPMENT
EXCHANGE RATES
EXPENDITURE
EXPORT GROWTH
EXTERNALITIES
FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
FIXED INVESTMENT
FOREIGN BANKS
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
FOREIGN FUNDS
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
FOREIGN INVESTORS
FOREIGN TRADE
FORESTRY
FREE TRADE
GLOBAL ECONOMY
GLOBAL MARKET
GLOBAL TRADE
GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION
GOVERNMENT POLICIES
GOVERNMENT REVENUE
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
HUMAN RESOURCES
INCOME
INCOME TAX
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION
INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE
INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION
INFORMATION NETWORKS
INFORMATION SERVICES
INNOVATION
INNOVATIONS
INSPECTION
INSURANCE
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
INTERMEDIARY ORGANIZATIONS
INTERMEDIATE GOODS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS
INTERNATIONAL MARKET
INTERNATIONAL MARKETS
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
INVENTION
JOINT VENTURES
JUDICIAL SYSTEM
KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY
KNOWLEDGE NETWORKS
LABOR FORCE
LABOR MARKET
LABOR MARKETS
LABOR PRODUCTIVITY
LABORERS
LEARNING
LEGAL SYSTEM
LEVEL PLAYING FIELD
LICENSE
LOCAL ECONOMY
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
LOCAL MARKET
LOCAL MARKETS
MANUFACTURING
MARKET ACCESS
MARKET COMPETITION
MARKET CONDITIONS
MARKET ECONOMY
MARKET FAILURE
MARKET FAILURES
MARKET MECHANISM
MARKET PRICES
MARKET SEGMENTS
MARKETING
MATERIAL
MEDIUM ENTERPRISE
MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
MERCHANTS
MINIMUM WAGE
NATURAL RESOURCE
NATURAL RESOURCES
NETWORKS
NEW TECHNOLOGIES
OIL
OPEN ACCESS
OPPORTUNITY COST
PATENTS
PERFORMANCES
PERSONAL COMPUTER
PHYSICAL LOCATION
POLICY ENVIRONMENT
POLICY MAKERS
POLLUTION
PPPS
PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
PRIVATE SECTOR
PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
PRIVATE SECTORS
PRODUCERS
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
PRODUCTION PROCESS
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
PROPERTY RIGHTS
PUBLIC GOODS
PUBLIC SPENDING
QUALITY STANDARDS
R&D
REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
REGULATORY SYSTEM
RESULT
RESULTS
SAFETY
SAFETY NET
SATELLITE
SCIENTISTS
SKILLED LABOR
SKILLED WORKERS
SOCIAL CAPITAL
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL NETWORKS
SOCIAL SERVICES
STOCK EXCHANGE
SUPPLIERS
SUPPLY CHAINS
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
TARGETS
TAX
TAX EXEMPTION
TAX POLICIES
TAX RATE
TAX RATES
TAX REDUCTION
TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
TECHNOLOGY CONSULTING
TECHNOLOGY PARK
TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
TELECOM
TELECOM SECTOR
TELECOMMUNICATION
TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES
TELEPHONE
TELEPHONE LINES
TRADE CREDITS
TRADING
TRANSACTION
TRANSACTION COSTS
TURNOVER
URBAN EMPLOYMENT
USERS
VALUE CHAIN
VALUE CHAINS
WAREHOUSE
WEB
WORLD TRADE
spellingShingle ACCOUNTING
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM
BANK LOANS
BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
BUSINESS ACTIVITY
BUSINESS CENTER
BUSINESS CLIMATE
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
BUSINESS NEEDS
BUSINESS PLANNING
BUSINESS SECTOR
BUSINESS SERVICES
BUSINESS VALUE
BUSINESSES
BUYERS
CAPITAL CITIES
CAPITAL CONSTRAINTS
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL INVESTMENTS
CHECKS
CITIES
CLIMATE CHANGE
COLLABORATION
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
COMPETITIVENESS
COMPUTERS
CONCESSIONARY TAX
CORPORATE TAX RATE
CREDIT POLICIES
CURRENCY
CUSTOMS
CUSTOMS CLEARANCE
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT BANK
DIRECT INVESTMENTS
DIVISION OF LABOR
DOMESTIC MARKET
DOMESTIC MARKETS
DRIVERS
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
ECONOMIC BENEFITS
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION
ECONOMIC POLICIES
ECONOMICS
ECONOMIES OF SCALE
ELECTRICITY
EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
EMPLOYMENT
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS
ENGINEERS
ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE
ENTRY BARRIERS
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
EQUIPMENT
EXCHANGE RATES
EXPENDITURE
EXPORT GROWTH
EXTERNALITIES
FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
FIXED INVESTMENT
FOREIGN BANKS
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
FOREIGN FUNDS
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
FOREIGN INVESTORS
FOREIGN TRADE
FORESTRY
FREE TRADE
GLOBAL ECONOMY
GLOBAL MARKET
GLOBAL TRADE
GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION
GOVERNMENT POLICIES
GOVERNMENT REVENUE
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
HUMAN RESOURCES
INCOME
INCOME TAX
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION
INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE
INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION
INFORMATION NETWORKS
INFORMATION SERVICES
INNOVATION
INNOVATIONS
INSPECTION
INSURANCE
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
INTERMEDIARY ORGANIZATIONS
INTERMEDIATE GOODS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS
INTERNATIONAL MARKET
INTERNATIONAL MARKETS
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
INVENTION
JOINT VENTURES
JUDICIAL SYSTEM
KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY
KNOWLEDGE NETWORKS
LABOR FORCE
LABOR MARKET
LABOR MARKETS
LABOR PRODUCTIVITY
LABORERS
LEARNING
LEGAL SYSTEM
LEVEL PLAYING FIELD
LICENSE
LOCAL ECONOMY
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
LOCAL MARKET
LOCAL MARKETS
MANUFACTURING
MARKET ACCESS
MARKET COMPETITION
MARKET CONDITIONS
MARKET ECONOMY
MARKET FAILURE
MARKET FAILURES
MARKET MECHANISM
MARKET PRICES
MARKET SEGMENTS
MARKETING
MATERIAL
MEDIUM ENTERPRISE
MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
MERCHANTS
MINIMUM WAGE
NATURAL RESOURCE
NATURAL RESOURCES
NETWORKS
NEW TECHNOLOGIES
OIL
OPEN ACCESS
OPPORTUNITY COST
PATENTS
PERFORMANCES
PERSONAL COMPUTER
PHYSICAL LOCATION
POLICY ENVIRONMENT
POLICY MAKERS
POLLUTION
PPPS
PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
PRIVATE SECTOR
PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
PRIVATE SECTORS
PRODUCERS
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
PRODUCTION PROCESS
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
PROPERTY RIGHTS
PUBLIC GOODS
PUBLIC SPENDING
QUALITY STANDARDS
R&D
REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
REGULATORY SYSTEM
RESULT
RESULTS
SAFETY
SAFETY NET
SATELLITE
SCIENTISTS
SKILLED LABOR
SKILLED WORKERS
SOCIAL CAPITAL
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL NETWORKS
SOCIAL SERVICES
STOCK EXCHANGE
SUPPLIERS
SUPPLY CHAINS
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
TARGETS
TAX
TAX EXEMPTION
TAX POLICIES
TAX RATE
TAX RATES
TAX REDUCTION
TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
TECHNOLOGY CONSULTING
TECHNOLOGY PARK
TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
TELECOM
TELECOM SECTOR
TELECOMMUNICATION
TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES
TELEPHONE
TELEPHONE LINES
TRADE CREDITS
TRADING
TRANSACTION
TRANSACTION COSTS
TURNOVER
URBAN EMPLOYMENT
USERS
VALUE CHAIN
VALUE CHAINS
WAREHOUSE
WEB
WORLD TRADE
Zeng, Douglas Zhihua
How Do Special Economic Zones and Industrial Clusters Drive China’s Rapid Development?
geographic_facet East Asia and Pacific
East Asia
Asia
China
relation Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5583
description In the past 30 years, China has achieved phenomenal economic growth, an unprecedented development "miracle" in human history. How did China achieve this rapid growth? What have been its key drivers? And, most important, what can be learned from China's success? Policy makers, business people, and scholars all over the world continue to debate these topics, but one thing is clear: the numerous special economic zones and industrial clusters that emerged after the country's reforms are without doubt two important engines of China's remarkable development. The special economic zones and industrial clusters have made crucial contributions to China's economic success. Foremost, the special economic zones (especially the first several) successfully tested the market economy and new institutions and became role models for the rest of the country to follow. Together with the numerous industrial clusters, the special economic zones have contributed significantly to gross domestic product, employment, exports, and attraction of foreign investment. The special economic zones have also played important roles in bringing new technologies to China and in adopting modern management practices. This study briefly summarizes the development experiences of China's special economic zones and industrial clusters (their formation, success factors, challenges, and possible areas or measures for policy intervention), based on case studies, interviews, field visits, and extensive reviews of the existing literature in an attempt to benefit other developing countries as well as the broader development community.
format Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author Zeng, Douglas Zhihua
author_facet Zeng, Douglas Zhihua
author_sort Zeng, Douglas Zhihua
title How Do Special Economic Zones and Industrial Clusters Drive China’s Rapid Development?
title_short How Do Special Economic Zones and Industrial Clusters Drive China’s Rapid Development?
title_full How Do Special Economic Zones and Industrial Clusters Drive China’s Rapid Development?
title_fullStr How Do Special Economic Zones and Industrial Clusters Drive China’s Rapid Development?
title_full_unstemmed How Do Special Economic Zones and Industrial Clusters Drive China’s Rapid Development?
title_sort how do special economic zones and industrial clusters drive china’s rapid development?
publishDate 2012
url http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110301083120
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3349
_version_ 1764386836540555264
spelling okr-10986-33492021-04-23T14:02:09Z How Do Special Economic Zones and Industrial Clusters Drive China’s Rapid Development? Zeng, Douglas Zhihua ACCOUNTING ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM BANK LOANS BUSINESS ACTIVITIES BUSINESS ACTIVITY BUSINESS CENTER BUSINESS CLIMATE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT BUSINESS NEEDS BUSINESS PLANNING BUSINESS SECTOR BUSINESS SERVICES BUSINESS VALUE BUSINESSES BUYERS CAPITAL CITIES CAPITAL CONSTRAINTS CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL INVESTMENTS CHECKS CITIES CLIMATE CHANGE COLLABORATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS COMPUTERS CONCESSIONARY TAX CORPORATE TAX RATE CREDIT POLICIES CURRENCY CUSTOMS CUSTOMS CLEARANCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK DIRECT INVESTMENTS DIVISION OF LABOR DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS DRIVERS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC BENEFITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMICS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELECTRICITY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ENABLING ENVIRONMENT ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS ENGINEERS ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE ENTRY BARRIERS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT EQUIPMENT EXCHANGE RATES EXPENDITURE EXPORT GROWTH EXTERNALITIES FACTORS OF PRODUCTION FINANCIAL SUPPORT FIXED INVESTMENT FOREIGN BANKS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN FUNDS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN TRADE FORESTRY FREE TRADE GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKET GLOBAL TRADE GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT REVENUE GOVERNMENT SUPPORT GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HUMAN RESOURCES INCOME INCOME TAX INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION INFORMATION NETWORKS INFORMATION SERVICES INNOVATION INNOVATIONS INSPECTION INSURANCE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERMEDIARY ORGANIZATIONS INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS INTERNATIONAL MARKET INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTION JOINT VENTURES JUDICIAL SYSTEM KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY KNOWLEDGE NETWORKS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABORERS LEARNING LEGAL SYSTEM LEVEL PLAYING FIELD LICENSE LOCAL ECONOMY LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL MARKET LOCAL MARKETS MANUFACTURING MARKET ACCESS MARKET COMPETITION MARKET CONDITIONS MARKET ECONOMY MARKET FAILURE MARKET FAILURES MARKET MECHANISM MARKET PRICES MARKET SEGMENTS MARKETING MATERIAL MEDIUM ENTERPRISE MEDIUM ENTERPRISES MERCHANTS MINIMUM WAGE NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCES NETWORKS NEW TECHNOLOGIES OIL OPEN ACCESS OPPORTUNITY COST PATENTS PERFORMANCES PERSONAL COMPUTER PHYSICAL LOCATION POLICY ENVIRONMENT POLICY MAKERS POLLUTION PPPS PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PRIVATE SECTORS PRODUCERS PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC SPENDING QUALITY STANDARDS R&D REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT REGULATORY SYSTEM RESULT RESULTS SAFETY SAFETY NET SATELLITE SCIENTISTS SKILLED LABOR SKILLED WORKERS SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL SERVICES STOCK EXCHANGE SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CHAINS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TARGETS TAX TAX EXEMPTION TAX POLICIES TAX RATE TAX RATES TAX REDUCTION TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGY CONSULTING TECHNOLOGY PARK TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TELECOM TELECOM SECTOR TELECOMMUNICATION TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES TELEPHONE TELEPHONE LINES TRADE CREDITS TRADING TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS TURNOVER URBAN EMPLOYMENT USERS VALUE CHAIN VALUE CHAINS WAREHOUSE WEB WORLD TRADE In the past 30 years, China has achieved phenomenal economic growth, an unprecedented development "miracle" in human history. How did China achieve this rapid growth? What have been its key drivers? And, most important, what can be learned from China's success? Policy makers, business people, and scholars all over the world continue to debate these topics, but one thing is clear: the numerous special economic zones and industrial clusters that emerged after the country's reforms are without doubt two important engines of China's remarkable development. The special economic zones and industrial clusters have made crucial contributions to China's economic success. Foremost, the special economic zones (especially the first several) successfully tested the market economy and new institutions and became role models for the rest of the country to follow. Together with the numerous industrial clusters, the special economic zones have contributed significantly to gross domestic product, employment, exports, and attraction of foreign investment. The special economic zones have also played important roles in bringing new technologies to China and in adopting modern management practices. This study briefly summarizes the development experiences of China's special economic zones and industrial clusters (their formation, success factors, challenges, and possible areas or measures for policy intervention), based on case studies, interviews, field visits, and extensive reviews of the existing literature in an attempt to benefit other developing countries as well as the broader development community. 2012-03-19T18:00:47Z 2012-03-19T18:00:47Z 2011-03-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110301083120 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3349 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5583 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper East Asia and Pacific East Asia Asia China