A Multiple-Arm, Cluster-Randomized Impact Evaluation of the Clean India (Swachh Bharat) Mission Program in Rural Punjab, India
This study reports the findings of a large-scale, multiple-arm, cluster-randomized control study carried out in rural Punjab, India, to assess the impact of a flagship sanitation program of the Government of India. The program, the Clean India Miss...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2020
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/641551589821357753/A-Multiple-Arm-Cluster-Randomized-Impact-Evaluation-of-the-Clean-India-Swachh-Bharat-Mission-Program-in-Rural-Punjab-India http://hdl.handle.net/10986/33796 |
| Summary: | This study reports the findings of a
large-scale, multiple-arm, cluster-randomized control study
carried out in rural Punjab, India, to assess the impact of
a flagship sanitation program of the Government of India.
The program, the Clean India Mission for Villages, was
implemented between October 2014 and October 2019 and aimed
to encourage the construction of toilets, eliminate the
practice of open defecation, and improve the awareness and
practice of good hygiene across rural India. It utilized a
combination of behavioral change campaigns, centered on the
community-led total sanitation approach, and financial
incentives for eligible households. The study also evaluates
the incremental effects of intensive hygiene awareness
campaigns in selected schools and follow-up initiatives in
selected communities. The study finds that the coverage of
“safely managed” toilets among households without toilets
increased by 6.8–10.4 percentage points across various
intervention arms, compared with a control group. Open
defecation was reduced by 7.3–7.8 percentage points. The
program also had significant positive impacts on hygiene
awareness among adults and children, although the
interventions of school campaigns and intensive follow-up
were of limited additional impact. |
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