Agriculture and the Clean Development Mechanism
Many experts believe that low-cost mitigation opportunities in agriculture are abundant and comparable in scale to those found in the energy sector. They are mostly located in developing countries and have to do with how land is used. By investing...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110404091922 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3388 |
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okr-10986-3388 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ABATEMENT COSTS ACCOUNTING AFFORESTATION AFFORESTATION PROJECTS AGGREGATE EMISSION AGGREGATE EMISSIONS AGGREGATE SUPPLY AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AIR AIR QUALITY ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ALTERNATIVE FUELS ANIMAL WASTES ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERIC CARBON BASE-YEAR EMISSIONS BIO-ENERGY BIOCHEMISTRY BIOGAS BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY BIOMASS BIOMASS ENERGY BURNING BIOMASS CALCULATION CAPITAL FLOWS CARBON CARBON ABATEMENT CARBON CREDITS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON EMISSION CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON IN SOILS CARBON INVENTORIES CARBON MARKET CARBON MARKETS CARBON MITIGATION CARBON OFFSETS CARBON POOLS CARBON PRICES CARBON SEQUESTRATION CARBON STOCKS CARBON TAX CARBON TECHNOLOGIES CARBON UPTAKE CH4 CHANGES IN LAND USE CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLEAN TECHNOLOGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE POLICY CLIMATE RESEARCH CLIMATIC CHANGE CO CO2 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS COMPOST COMPOSTING COST OF CAPITAL CROWDING OUT DEFORESTATION DEGRADED LAND DEGRADED LANDS DESERTIFICATION DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DIFFUSION DOMESTIC EMISSIONS ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECOLOGY ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMICS ECOSYSTEM EFFECTIVE STRATEGY ELECTRIC POWER ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY GENERATION EMERGING MARKETS EMISSION EMISSION LIMITS EMISSION PERMITS EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION REDUCTION UNITS EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSION TARGETS EMISSION TRADING EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION ENERGY BUILDINGS ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES EQUILIBRIUM FERTILIZERS FIXED COSTS FLOODS FOOD PRODUCTION FOREST FOREST CARBON FOREST DEGRADATION FOREST FIRES FOREST INVESTMENT FOREST MANAGEMENT FORESTRY FORESTRY PROJECTS FORESTS FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUELS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FUEL SWITCHING GASIFICATION GHG GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACILITY GLOBAL WARMING GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL GOLD GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION GREENHOUSE GASES GREENHOUSE GASSES HEATING SYSTEMS HFCS HYDROFLUOROCARBONS INCOME INDIGENOUS PEOPLES INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL EMISSIONS INVENTORY IPCC LAND DEGRADATION LAND ECONOMICS LAND RESOURCES LAND USE LAND USE CHANGE LAND-USE EMISSION LANDFILL LANDFILL GAS LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOGGING LOW-CARBON MANDATES MANURE MEMBER STATES METHANE METHANE EMISSIONS MITIGATION POTENTIAL MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS N2O NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS NATURAL ENVIRONMENT NATURAL RESOURCES NITROGEN NITROGEN FERTILIZERS NITROUS OXIDE NUTRIENTS OIL OIL PALM ORGANIC CARBON ORGANIC MATERIAL ORGANIC MATTER ORGANIC POLLUTANTS ORGANIC WASTE PENALTIES PERFLUOROCARBONS PESTICIDES PFCS PHOTOSYNTHESIS POLLUTION POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES PP PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY PROFITABILITY PROPERTY RIGHTS REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE RESOURCE RENEWABLE SOURCES RESOURCE CONSERVATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RISK MANAGEMENT SAVINGS SINK SOIL CARBON STREAMS SUGAR CANE SULPHUR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS THERMAL POWER TRADABLE PERMITS TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSPORT TROPICAL DEFORESTATION TROPICAL FOREST TRUST FUNDS UNEP WASTE PRODUCTS WATER QUALITY WATER SUPPLY WELFARE GAINS WELFARE LOSSES WILLINGNESS TO PAY WIND WIND-ENERGY |
| spellingShingle |
ABATEMENT COSTS ACCOUNTING AFFORESTATION AFFORESTATION PROJECTS AGGREGATE EMISSION AGGREGATE EMISSIONS AGGREGATE SUPPLY AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AIR AIR QUALITY ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ALTERNATIVE FUELS ANIMAL WASTES ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERIC CARBON BASE-YEAR EMISSIONS BIO-ENERGY BIOCHEMISTRY BIOGAS BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY BIOMASS BIOMASS ENERGY BURNING BIOMASS CALCULATION CAPITAL FLOWS CARBON CARBON ABATEMENT CARBON CREDITS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON EMISSION CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON IN SOILS CARBON INVENTORIES CARBON MARKET CARBON MARKETS CARBON MITIGATION CARBON OFFSETS CARBON POOLS CARBON PRICES CARBON SEQUESTRATION CARBON STOCKS CARBON TAX CARBON TECHNOLOGIES CARBON UPTAKE CH4 CHANGES IN LAND USE CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLEAN TECHNOLOGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE POLICY CLIMATE RESEARCH CLIMATIC CHANGE CO CO2 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS COMPOST COMPOSTING COST OF CAPITAL CROWDING OUT DEFORESTATION DEGRADED LAND DEGRADED LANDS DESERTIFICATION DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DIFFUSION DOMESTIC EMISSIONS ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECOLOGY ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMICS ECOSYSTEM EFFECTIVE STRATEGY ELECTRIC POWER ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY GENERATION EMERGING MARKETS EMISSION EMISSION LIMITS EMISSION PERMITS EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION REDUCTION UNITS EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSION TARGETS EMISSION TRADING EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION ENERGY BUILDINGS ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES EQUILIBRIUM FERTILIZERS FIXED COSTS FLOODS FOOD PRODUCTION FOREST FOREST CARBON FOREST DEGRADATION FOREST FIRES FOREST INVESTMENT FOREST MANAGEMENT FORESTRY FORESTRY PROJECTS FORESTS FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUELS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FUEL SWITCHING GASIFICATION GHG GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACILITY GLOBAL WARMING GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL GOLD GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION GREENHOUSE GASES GREENHOUSE GASSES HEATING SYSTEMS HFCS HYDROFLUOROCARBONS INCOME INDIGENOUS PEOPLES INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL EMISSIONS INVENTORY IPCC LAND DEGRADATION LAND ECONOMICS LAND RESOURCES LAND USE LAND USE CHANGE LAND-USE EMISSION LANDFILL LANDFILL GAS LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOGGING LOW-CARBON MANDATES MANURE MEMBER STATES METHANE METHANE EMISSIONS MITIGATION POTENTIAL MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS N2O NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS NATURAL ENVIRONMENT NATURAL RESOURCES NITROGEN NITROGEN FERTILIZERS NITROUS OXIDE NUTRIENTS OIL OIL PALM ORGANIC CARBON ORGANIC MATERIAL ORGANIC MATTER ORGANIC POLLUTANTS ORGANIC WASTE PENALTIES PERFLUOROCARBONS PESTICIDES PFCS PHOTOSYNTHESIS POLLUTION POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES PP PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY PROFITABILITY PROPERTY RIGHTS REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE RESOURCE RENEWABLE SOURCES RESOURCE CONSERVATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RISK MANAGEMENT SAVINGS SINK SOIL CARBON STREAMS SUGAR CANE SULPHUR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS THERMAL POWER TRADABLE PERMITS TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSPORT TROPICAL DEFORESTATION TROPICAL FOREST TRUST FUNDS UNEP WASTE PRODUCTS WATER QUALITY WATER SUPPLY WELFARE GAINS WELFARE LOSSES WILLINGNESS TO PAY WIND WIND-ENERGY Larson, Donald F. Dinar, Ariel Frisbie, J. Aapris Agriculture and the Clean Development Mechanism |
| geographic_facet |
The World Region The World Region |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5621 |
| description |
Many experts believe that low-cost
mitigation opportunities in agriculture are abundant and
comparable in scale to those found in the energy sector.
They are mostly located in developing countries and have to
do with how land is used. By investing in projects under the
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), countries can tap these
opportunities to meet their own Kyoto Protocol obligations.
The CDM has been successful in financing some types of
agricultural projects, including projects that capture
methane or use agricultural by-products as an energy source.
But agricultural land-use projects are scarce under the CDM.
This represents a missed opportunity to promote sustainable
rural development since land-use projects that sequester
carbon in soils can help reverse declining soil fertility, a
root cause of stagnant agricultural productivity. This paper
reviews the process leading to current CDM implementation
rules and describes how the rules, in combination with
challenging features of land-use projects, raise transaction
costs and lower demand for land-use credits. Procedures by
which developed countries assess their own mitigation
performance are discussed as a way of redressing current
constraints on CDM investments. Nevertheless, even with
improvements to the CDM, an under-investment in agricultural
land-use projects is likely, since there are hurdles to
capturing associated ancillary benefits privately.
Alternative approaches outside the CDM are discussed,
including those that build on recent decisions taken by
governments in Copenhagen and Cancun. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Larson, Donald F. Dinar, Ariel Frisbie, J. Aapris |
| author_facet |
Larson, Donald F. Dinar, Ariel Frisbie, J. Aapris |
| author_sort |
Larson, Donald F. |
| title |
Agriculture and the Clean Development Mechanism |
| title_short |
Agriculture and the Clean Development Mechanism |
| title_full |
Agriculture and the Clean Development Mechanism |
| title_fullStr |
Agriculture and the Clean Development Mechanism |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Agriculture and the Clean Development Mechanism |
| title_sort |
agriculture and the clean development mechanism |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110404091922 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3388 |
| _version_ |
1764386902395322368 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-33882021-04-23T14:02:09Z Agriculture and the Clean Development Mechanism Larson, Donald F. Dinar, Ariel Frisbie, J. Aapris ABATEMENT COSTS ACCOUNTING AFFORESTATION AFFORESTATION PROJECTS AGGREGATE EMISSION AGGREGATE EMISSIONS AGGREGATE SUPPLY AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AIR AIR QUALITY ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ALTERNATIVE FUELS ANIMAL WASTES ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERIC CARBON BASE-YEAR EMISSIONS BIO-ENERGY BIOCHEMISTRY BIOGAS BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY BIOMASS BIOMASS ENERGY BURNING BIOMASS CALCULATION CAPITAL FLOWS CARBON CARBON ABATEMENT CARBON CREDITS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON EMISSION CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON IN SOILS CARBON INVENTORIES CARBON MARKET CARBON MARKETS CARBON MITIGATION CARBON OFFSETS CARBON POOLS CARBON PRICES CARBON SEQUESTRATION CARBON STOCKS CARBON TAX CARBON TECHNOLOGIES CARBON UPTAKE CH4 CHANGES IN LAND USE CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLEAN TECHNOLOGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE POLICY CLIMATE RESEARCH CLIMATIC CHANGE CO CO2 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS COMPOST COMPOSTING COST OF CAPITAL CROWDING OUT DEFORESTATION DEGRADED LAND DEGRADED LANDS DESERTIFICATION DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DIFFUSION DOMESTIC EMISSIONS ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECOLOGY ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMICS ECOSYSTEM EFFECTIVE STRATEGY ELECTRIC POWER ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY GENERATION EMERGING MARKETS EMISSION EMISSION LIMITS EMISSION PERMITS EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION REDUCTION UNITS EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSION TARGETS EMISSION TRADING EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION ENERGY BUILDINGS ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES EQUILIBRIUM FERTILIZERS FIXED COSTS FLOODS FOOD PRODUCTION FOREST FOREST CARBON FOREST DEGRADATION FOREST FIRES FOREST INVESTMENT FOREST MANAGEMENT FORESTRY FORESTRY PROJECTS FORESTS FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUELS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FUEL SWITCHING GASIFICATION GHG GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACILITY GLOBAL WARMING GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL GOLD GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION GREENHOUSE GASES GREENHOUSE GASSES HEATING SYSTEMS HFCS HYDROFLUOROCARBONS INCOME INDIGENOUS PEOPLES INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL EMISSIONS INVENTORY IPCC LAND DEGRADATION LAND ECONOMICS LAND RESOURCES LAND USE LAND USE CHANGE LAND-USE EMISSION LANDFILL LANDFILL GAS LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOGGING LOW-CARBON MANDATES MANURE MEMBER STATES METHANE METHANE EMISSIONS MITIGATION POTENTIAL MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS N2O NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS NATURAL ENVIRONMENT NATURAL RESOURCES NITROGEN NITROGEN FERTILIZERS NITROUS OXIDE NUTRIENTS OIL OIL PALM ORGANIC CARBON ORGANIC MATERIAL ORGANIC MATTER ORGANIC POLLUTANTS ORGANIC WASTE PENALTIES PERFLUOROCARBONS PESTICIDES PFCS PHOTOSYNTHESIS POLLUTION POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES PP PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY PROFITABILITY PROPERTY RIGHTS REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE RESOURCE RENEWABLE SOURCES RESOURCE CONSERVATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RISK MANAGEMENT SAVINGS SINK SOIL CARBON STREAMS SUGAR CANE SULPHUR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS THERMAL POWER TRADABLE PERMITS TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSPORT TROPICAL DEFORESTATION TROPICAL FOREST TRUST FUNDS UNEP WASTE PRODUCTS WATER QUALITY WATER SUPPLY WELFARE GAINS WELFARE LOSSES WILLINGNESS TO PAY WIND WIND-ENERGY Many experts believe that low-cost mitigation opportunities in agriculture are abundant and comparable in scale to those found in the energy sector. They are mostly located in developing countries and have to do with how land is used. By investing in projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), countries can tap these opportunities to meet their own Kyoto Protocol obligations. The CDM has been successful in financing some types of agricultural projects, including projects that capture methane or use agricultural by-products as an energy source. But agricultural land-use projects are scarce under the CDM. This represents a missed opportunity to promote sustainable rural development since land-use projects that sequester carbon in soils can help reverse declining soil fertility, a root cause of stagnant agricultural productivity. This paper reviews the process leading to current CDM implementation rules and describes how the rules, in combination with challenging features of land-use projects, raise transaction costs and lower demand for land-use credits. Procedures by which developed countries assess their own mitigation performance are discussed as a way of redressing current constraints on CDM investments. Nevertheless, even with improvements to the CDM, an under-investment in agricultural land-use projects is likely, since there are hurdles to capturing associated ancillary benefits privately. Alternative approaches outside the CDM are discussed, including those that build on recent decisions taken by governments in Copenhagen and Cancun. 2012-03-19T18:01:34Z 2012-03-19T18:01:34Z 2011-04-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110404091922 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3388 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5621 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper The World Region The World Region |