Growth Poles and Multipolarity

This paper develops an empirical measure of growth poles and uses it to examine the phenomenon of multipolarity. The authors formally define several alternative measures, provide theoretical justifications for these measures, and compute polarity v...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Adams-Kane, Jonathon, Lim, Jamus Jerome
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE TERMS ACTUAL GROWTH ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ANNUAL GROWTH BENCHMARK BILATERAL TRADE CAPITAL ACCOUNT CAPITAL FLOWS CAPITAL INFLOWS CAPITAL OUTFLOWS CHILD MORTALITY CHILD MORTALITY RATE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS CONTROL VARIABLES COUNTRY VARIATION CULTURAL CHANGE CURRENCY CYCLICAL FACTORS DATA AVAILABILITY DEMOCRACY DENSITY FUNCTION DEPENDENCY RATIO DEPENDENCY RATIOS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DETERMINANTS OF GROWTH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT DIRECTION OF TRADE DUMMY VARIABLES DYNAMIC PANEL DYNAMIC PANEL MODELS ECONOMETRIC MODELS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC CONCENTRATION ECONOMIC CRISES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC HISTORY ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC LITERATURE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC POWER ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC RELATIONS ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC SIZE ECONOMIC STUDIES ECONOMIES OF SCALE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELDERLY ELDERLY POPULATION EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE EMPIRICAL MODEL EMPLOYMENT EQUATIONS ESTIMATION METHOD ESTIMATION STRATEGY EXCHANGE RATE EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXPORTER EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL FLOWS FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION FINANCIAL MARKET FINANCIAL OPENNESS FIXED EFFECTS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FORMAL ANALYSIS FUNDAMENTAL DETERMINANTS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GEOGRAPHIC LOCALIZATION GINI COEFFICIENT GLOBAL CAPITAL GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GLOBAL ECONOMIC GROWTH GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT GLOBAL LEVEL GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL POLICY GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GRAVITY MODEL GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION GROWTH INVESTMENT GROWTH LITERATURE GROWTH OF NATIONS GROWTH PROCESS GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES GROWTH REGRESSIONS HOME COUNTRIES HOST COUNTRY HUMAN CAPITAL IFS IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION INCOME LEVELS INCOME PER CAPITA INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATISTICS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONALIZATION LABOR SHORTAGES LAGGED DEPENDENT LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT LEVERAGE LIFE EXPECTANCY LIQUIDITY LIQUIDITY CONSTRAINTS LONG-RUN GROWTH LONG-TERM GROWTH MARKET POWERS MARKET TURNOVER MIGRATION MIGRATION DATA MIGRATION FLOWS MODERN ECONOMIC GROWTH MODERN ECONOMIC HISTORY MONETARY ECONOMICS MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION MORTALITY MORTALITY RATE MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION MULTIPLIERS NATURAL DISASTERS NEGATIVE EFFECT NEW INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS NORMAL DISTRIBUTION OIL EXPORTERS OLD-AGE OPEN ECONOMIES PANEL REGRESSIONS PATENTS PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOME LEVELS PER CAPITA INCOMES POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL POWER POPULATION GROWTH POSITIVE SPILLOVER POSITIVE SPILLOVER EFFECTS PRIMARY SCHOOL PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY REAL GDP RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION RESERVE ACCUMULATION RESERVE HOLDINGS ROBUSTNESS CHECKS SECONDARY ENROLLMENT SECONDARY SCHOOL SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION SKILLED LABOR SMALL COUNTRIES SOCIAL FACTORS SPILLOVER STRONG CONSUMER DEMAND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TIME-INVARIANT VARIABLES TOTAL IMPORTS TRADE DATA TRADE GROWTH TRADE OPENNESS TRADE STATISTICS TRADE VOLUMES TRADING PARTNERS WAR WARS WEALTH WEIGHTS WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110629101917 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3477

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Summary:	This paper develops an empirical measure of growth poles and uses it to examine the phenomenon of multipolarity. The authors formally define several alternative measures, provide theoretical justifications for these measures, and compute polarity values for nation states in the global economy. The calculations suggest that China, Western Europe, and the United States have been important growth poles over the broad course of world history, and in modern economic history the United States, Japan, Germany, and China have had prominent periods of growth polarity. The paper goes on to analyze the economic and institutional determinants, both at the proximate and fundamental level, that underlie this measure of polarity, as well as compute measures of dispersion in growth polarity shares for the major growth poles.

Growth Poles and Multipolarity

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