Who Uses Bottled Gas? Evidence from Households in Developing Countries
Household surveys in Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka were analyzed using a two-stage Heckman model to examine the factors influencing the decision to use liquefied petroleum gas (stage 1) and, among users, the quantity c...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110721161347 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3495 |
| id |
okr-10986-3495 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES AIR POLLUTION APPLIANCES APPROACH AVAILABILITY AVERAGE PRICE AVERAGE PRICES BATTERIES BIOGAS BIOGAS PRODUCTION BIOMASS BIOMASS BURNING BIOMASS COLLECTION BIOMASS RESOURCES BURNING CHARACTERISTICS BURNING FUELS CHARCOAL CLEAN ENERGY CO COAL COMBUSTION COMMERCIAL FUELS COMMERCIAL MARKET COOKING DEFLATION DEFORESTATION DEMAND ANALYSIS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DUNG DURABLE GOODS EFFICIENT STOVES ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY USERS ELECTRIFICATION EMPLOYMENT ENERGY MARKET ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY POVERTY ENERGY SERVICES ENERGY SOURCE ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY USE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES FOREST COVER FUEL FUEL COLLECTION FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL PRICES FUEL SOURCE FUEL SWITCHING FUEL USE GAS GAS CONSUMPTION GASEOUS FUEL GASEOUS FUELS GENERATION HEATING HOUSEHOLD ENERGY HOUSEHOLD ENERGY NEEDS HOUSEHOLD ENERGY USE HOUSEHOLD FUEL HOUSEHOLD INCOME INFERIOR PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL MARKET KEROSENE LIGHTING LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS LIQUID FUELS LPG MARKETING MICROWAVE OVENS NATURAL GAS OIL PER CAPITA INCOME PETROLEUM PETROLEUM GAS POWER PRICE CHANGES PRICE CONTROL PRICE EFFECT PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE SUBSIDIES PRICE TRENDS PRICE VOLATILITY PRICES OF FUELS PRICING POLICIES PRICING POLICY PRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGY PRODUCT QUALITY PURCHASING QUANTITY OF FUEL RELEVANT MARKET RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS RETAIL RETAIL PRICE RETAIL PRICES RETAILING RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL USER SALES SMOKE SOLID FUEL SOLID FUELS SPREAD STOVES SUBSTITUTE SUBSTITUTION SUBSTITUTION EFFECT SUPPLIERS SUPPLY COSTS SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TRADITIONAL FUEL TRANSPORT COSTS URBAN HOUSEHOLD URBAN HOUSEHOLDS USE OF BIOMASS |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES AIR POLLUTION APPLIANCES APPROACH AVAILABILITY AVERAGE PRICE AVERAGE PRICES BATTERIES BIOGAS BIOGAS PRODUCTION BIOMASS BIOMASS BURNING BIOMASS COLLECTION BIOMASS RESOURCES BURNING CHARACTERISTICS BURNING FUELS CHARCOAL CLEAN ENERGY CO COAL COMBUSTION COMMERCIAL FUELS COMMERCIAL MARKET COOKING DEFLATION DEFORESTATION DEMAND ANALYSIS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DUNG DURABLE GOODS EFFICIENT STOVES ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY USERS ELECTRIFICATION EMPLOYMENT ENERGY MARKET ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY POVERTY ENERGY SERVICES ENERGY SOURCE ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY USE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES FOREST COVER FUEL FUEL COLLECTION FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL PRICES FUEL SOURCE FUEL SWITCHING FUEL USE GAS GAS CONSUMPTION GASEOUS FUEL GASEOUS FUELS GENERATION HEATING HOUSEHOLD ENERGY HOUSEHOLD ENERGY NEEDS HOUSEHOLD ENERGY USE HOUSEHOLD FUEL HOUSEHOLD INCOME INFERIOR PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL MARKET KEROSENE LIGHTING LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS LIQUID FUELS LPG MARKETING MICROWAVE OVENS NATURAL GAS OIL PER CAPITA INCOME PETROLEUM PETROLEUM GAS POWER PRICE CHANGES PRICE CONTROL PRICE EFFECT PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE SUBSIDIES PRICE TRENDS PRICE VOLATILITY PRICES OF FUELS PRICING POLICIES PRICING POLICY PRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGY PRODUCT QUALITY PURCHASING QUANTITY OF FUEL RELEVANT MARKET RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS RETAIL RETAIL PRICE RETAIL PRICES RETAILING RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL USER SALES SMOKE SOLID FUEL SOLID FUELS SPREAD STOVES SUBSTITUTE SUBSTITUTION SUBSTITUTION EFFECT SUPPLIERS SUPPLY COSTS SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TRADITIONAL FUEL TRANSPORT COSTS URBAN HOUSEHOLD URBAN HOUSEHOLDS USE OF BIOMASS Kojima, Masami Bacon, Robert Zhou, Xin Who Uses Bottled Gas? Evidence from Households in Developing Countries |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia India Indonesia Pakistan Sri Lanka Kenya |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5731 |
| description |
Household surveys in Guatemala, India,
Indonesia, Kenya, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka were analyzed
using a two-stage Heckman model to examine the factors
influencing the decision to use liquefied petroleum gas
(stage 1) and, among users, the quantity consumed per person
(stage 2). In the first stage, liquefied petroleum gas
selection in all six countries increased with household
expenditure and the highest level of education attained by
female and male household members. Electricity connection
increased, and engagement in agriculture and increasing
household size decreased, liquefied petroleum gas selection
in five countries; urban residence increased selection in
four countries; and rising firewood and kerosene prices
increased selection in three countries each. In the second
stage, the quantity of liquefied petroleum gas consumed
increased with rising household expenditure and decreasing
price of liquefied petroleum gas in every country. Urban
residence increased and engagement in agriculture decreased
liquefied petroleum gas consumption. Surveys in Albania,
Brazil, Mexico, and Peru, which did not report quantities,
were also examined by calculating quantities using national
average prices. Although fuel prices faced by individual
households could not be tested, the findings largely
supported those from the first six countries. Once the
education levels of men and women were separately accounted
for, the gender of the head of household was not
statistically significant in most cases across the ten
countries. Where it was significant (five equations), the
sign of the coefficient was positive for men, possibly
suggesting that female-headed households are burdened with
unmeasured economic disadvantages, making less cash
available for purchasing liquefied petroleum gas. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Kojima, Masami Bacon, Robert Zhou, Xin |
| author_facet |
Kojima, Masami Bacon, Robert Zhou, Xin |
| author_sort |
Kojima, Masami |
| title |
Who Uses Bottled Gas? Evidence from Households in Developing Countries |
| title_short |
Who Uses Bottled Gas? Evidence from Households in Developing Countries |
| title_full |
Who Uses Bottled Gas? Evidence from Households in Developing Countries |
| title_fullStr |
Who Uses Bottled Gas? Evidence from Households in Developing Countries |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Who Uses Bottled Gas? Evidence from Households in Developing Countries |
| title_sort |
who uses bottled gas? evidence from households in developing countries |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110721161347 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3495 |
| _version_ |
1764387093551775744 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-34952021-04-23T14:02:10Z Who Uses Bottled Gas? Evidence from Households in Developing Countries Kojima, Masami Bacon, Robert Zhou, Xin ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES AIR POLLUTION APPLIANCES APPROACH AVAILABILITY AVERAGE PRICE AVERAGE PRICES BATTERIES BIOGAS BIOGAS PRODUCTION BIOMASS BIOMASS BURNING BIOMASS COLLECTION BIOMASS RESOURCES BURNING CHARACTERISTICS BURNING FUELS CHARCOAL CLEAN ENERGY CO COAL COMBUSTION COMMERCIAL FUELS COMMERCIAL MARKET COOKING DEFLATION DEFORESTATION DEMAND ANALYSIS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DUNG DURABLE GOODS EFFICIENT STOVES ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY USERS ELECTRIFICATION EMPLOYMENT ENERGY MARKET ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY POVERTY ENERGY SERVICES ENERGY SOURCE ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY USE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES FOREST COVER FUEL FUEL COLLECTION FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL PRICES FUEL SOURCE FUEL SWITCHING FUEL USE GAS GAS CONSUMPTION GASEOUS FUEL GASEOUS FUELS GENERATION HEATING HOUSEHOLD ENERGY HOUSEHOLD ENERGY NEEDS HOUSEHOLD ENERGY USE HOUSEHOLD FUEL HOUSEHOLD INCOME INFERIOR PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL MARKET KEROSENE LIGHTING LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS LIQUID FUELS LPG MARKETING MICROWAVE OVENS NATURAL GAS OIL PER CAPITA INCOME PETROLEUM PETROLEUM GAS POWER PRICE CHANGES PRICE CONTROL PRICE EFFECT PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE SUBSIDIES PRICE TRENDS PRICE VOLATILITY PRICES OF FUELS PRICING POLICIES PRICING POLICY PRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGY PRODUCT QUALITY PURCHASING QUANTITY OF FUEL RELEVANT MARKET RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS RETAIL RETAIL PRICE RETAIL PRICES RETAILING RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL USER SALES SMOKE SOLID FUEL SOLID FUELS SPREAD STOVES SUBSTITUTE SUBSTITUTION SUBSTITUTION EFFECT SUPPLIERS SUPPLY COSTS SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TRADITIONAL FUEL TRANSPORT COSTS URBAN HOUSEHOLD URBAN HOUSEHOLDS USE OF BIOMASS Household surveys in Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka were analyzed using a two-stage Heckman model to examine the factors influencing the decision to use liquefied petroleum gas (stage 1) and, among users, the quantity consumed per person (stage 2). In the first stage, liquefied petroleum gas selection in all six countries increased with household expenditure and the highest level of education attained by female and male household members. Electricity connection increased, and engagement in agriculture and increasing household size decreased, liquefied petroleum gas selection in five countries; urban residence increased selection in four countries; and rising firewood and kerosene prices increased selection in three countries each. In the second stage, the quantity of liquefied petroleum gas consumed increased with rising household expenditure and decreasing price of liquefied petroleum gas in every country. Urban residence increased and engagement in agriculture decreased liquefied petroleum gas consumption. Surveys in Albania, Brazil, Mexico, and Peru, which did not report quantities, were also examined by calculating quantities using national average prices. Although fuel prices faced by individual households could not be tested, the findings largely supported those from the first six countries. Once the education levels of men and women were separately accounted for, the gender of the head of household was not statistically significant in most cases across the ten countries. Where it was significant (five equations), the sign of the coefficient was positive for men, possibly suggesting that female-headed households are burdened with unmeasured economic disadvantages, making less cash available for purchasing liquefied petroleum gas. 2012-03-19T18:03:28Z 2012-03-19T18:03:28Z 2011-07-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110721161347 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3495 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5731 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper South Asia India Indonesia Pakistan Sri Lanka Kenya |