Addressing Persistent Forest and Land Fires in Indonesia : Institutional and Expenditure Review of Fire Management
Indonesia has experienced two major forest and land fire events in the past five years. According to government data, the 2015 and 2019 fire episodes led to the burning of around 2.6 million hectares and 1.6 million hectares,1 respectively. The fir...
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| Format: | Report |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2021
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/229951623303754595/Addressing-Persistent-Forest-and-Land-Fires-in-Indonesia-Institutional-and-Expenditure-Review-of-Fire-Management http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35757 |
| Summary: | Indonesia has experienced two major
forest and land fire events in the past five years.
According to government data, the 2015 and 2019 fire
episodes led to the burning of around 2.6 million hectares
and 1.6 million hectares,1 respectively. The fires and the
resulting haze in 2019 led to significant negative economic
impacts and direct damage to assets and losses to
Indonesia’s infrastructure, and to its agriculture,
industry, trade, tourism, transportation, health, and
environmental sectors. Unlike the wildfires in boreal
forests of North America, land-based fires in Indonesia are
man-made. Fire episodes recur annually because fire is
considered as the cheapest method to prepare lands for
cultivation, or to claim lands in areas with conflict, where
landownership is uncertain, and where enforcement is weak.
Without measures to control land burning, fires can spread
uncontrollably, especially during extended dry seasons
induced by climate patterns. When fires burned drained
carbon-rich peatlands, they release greenhouse gas emissions
that drive climate change. This report discusses elements
critical to developing an IFM strategy in Indonesia,
including the identification and analysis of: (1) fire-prone
locations, (2) major drivers of fires, (3) central
government institutions with mandates linked to drivers of
fires, (4) program framework and related spending on fire
management, and (5) the role of local institutions and an
(‘cluster-based’) integrated approach at the landscape level. |
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