Global Inequality : From Class to Location, from Proletarians to Migrants

Inequality between world citizens in mid-19th century was such that at least a half of it could be explained by income differences between workers and capital-owners in individual countries. Real income of workers in most countries was similar and...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Milanovic, Branko
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	AVERAGE INCOME AVERAGE INCOMES CAPITALIST ECONOMY COST OF LIVING INDEX DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIMINISHING MARGINAL UTILITY DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME EARNING ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC CRISIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC HISTORY ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC THEORY EMERGING ECONOMIES EMERGING MARKET EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES FERTILITY RATES FOOD PRICE FOOD PRICE INDEX FOOD PRICES FREE TRADE GDP GDP PER CAPITA GINI COEFFICIENT GLOBALIZATION HOURLY WAGES HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN RIGHTS INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISPARITIES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS INCOME GAP INCOME GAPS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES INEQUALITY LIBERALIZATION LIVING STANDARDS MARXISM MEAN INCOME MEAN INCOMES MIDDLE INCOME MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES NATIONAL INCOME OUTPUT PARTICULAR COUNTRY PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR COUNTRIES POOR COUNTRY POOR PEOPLE PRICE LEVELS PURCHASING POWER REAL INCOME REAL INCOMES REAL WAGE REAL WAGES RELATIVE IMPORTANCE SIMULATIONS SKILLED WORKER SKILLED WORKERS TAX TOTAL OUTPUT TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNEMPLOYMENT WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WORLD ECONOMY
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110929082257 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3583

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Summary:	Inequality between world citizens in mid-19th century was such that at least a half of it could be explained by income differences between workers and capital-owners in individual countries. Real income of workers in most countries was similar and low. This was the basis on which Marxism built its universal appeal. More than 150 years later, in the early 21st century, the situation has changed fundamentally: more than 80 percent of global income differences is due to large gaps in mean incomes between countries, and unskilled workers' wages in rich and poor countries often differ by a factor of 10 to 1. This is the basis on which a new global political issue of migration has emerged because income differences between countries make individual gains from migration large. The key coming issue will be how to deal with this challenge while acknowledging that migration is probably the most powerful tool for reducing global poverty and inequality.

Global Inequality : From Class to Location, from Proletarians to Migrants

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