Comparison of Bottled Gas and Advanced Combustion Pellet Stoves

For those who prefer to cook with gas but are not connected to a natural gas pipeline—and nearly all rural households fall under this category, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is the main option. For those for whom LPG is too costly and wish to cook...

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Main Author: Kojima, Masami
Format: Working Paper
Language:English
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2021
Subjects:
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/440901626157056956/Comparison-of-Bottled-Gas-and-Advanced-Combustion-Pellet-Stoves
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35949
id okr-10986-35949
recordtype oai_dc
spelling okr-10986-359492021-07-20T05:10:36Z Comparison of Bottled Gas and Advanced Combustion Pellet Stoves Kojima, Masami COOKING TECHNOLOGY LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS COOKSTOVE PROPANE ADVANCED COMBUSTION STOVE For those who prefer to cook with gas but are not connected to a natural gas pipeline—and nearly all rural households fall under this category, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is the main option. For those for whom LPG is too costly and wish to cook with biomass because of its ready availability, lower cost, and familiarity, advanced combustion stoves burning pelletized biomass fuel may hold the best promise of clean energy. LPG and advanced combustion stoves have many challenges in common but also unique challenges of their own. Arguably the greatest obstacle is the high cost of their use as primary energy sources. Essentially all challenges cited in the literature, stovetops being too small or unstable for large pots and pans and for vigorous stirring, the inability to cook large meals or several dishes in parallel, difficulties of reloading pellets in the middle of cooking, fears about explosions and burns, and the inconvenience of waiting for refill LPG delivery after finding the cylinder empty, to name a few, can be addressed, but at a significant cost. In high-income economies, millions of households have been using gas to meet all their cooking and heating needs (supplemented by electricity for certain appliances such as rice cookers and microwave ovens) but at a cost that would be unaffordable to many, if not most, households in developing countries. Commercially viable solutions to these problems for advanced combustion stoves, such as auto-ignition and automated pellet loading mechanisms, are not yet available. The emission performance of advanced combustion biomass stoves has been compromised by use of polluting start-up materials and practices, heterogeneity of biomass used (size, moisture content, type), and excessive emissions during fuel reloading and the burn-out phase. Battery and other equipment failures increase emissions further or can even render the stove inoperative. Deterioration in emission levels with the stove age has also found to be worryingly high in one study, pointing to the need to improve the durability of stove performance in the field. 2021-07-19T14:38:23Z 2021-07-19T14:38:23Z 2021-06 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/440901626157056956/Comparison-of-Bottled-Gas-and-Advanced-Combustion-Pellet-Stoves http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35949 English CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Working Paper
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
topic COOKING TECHNOLOGY
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS
COOKSTOVE
PROPANE
ADVANCED COMBUSTION STOVE
spellingShingle COOKING TECHNOLOGY
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS
COOKSTOVE
PROPANE
ADVANCED COMBUSTION STOVE
Kojima, Masami
Comparison of Bottled Gas and Advanced Combustion Pellet Stoves
description For those who prefer to cook with gas but are not connected to a natural gas pipeline—and nearly all rural households fall under this category, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is the main option. For those for whom LPG is too costly and wish to cook with biomass because of its ready availability, lower cost, and familiarity, advanced combustion stoves burning pelletized biomass fuel may hold the best promise of clean energy. LPG and advanced combustion stoves have many challenges in common but also unique challenges of their own. Arguably the greatest obstacle is the high cost of their use as primary energy sources. Essentially all challenges cited in the literature, stovetops being too small or unstable for large pots and pans and for vigorous stirring, the inability to cook large meals or several dishes in parallel, difficulties of reloading pellets in the middle of cooking, fears about explosions and burns, and the inconvenience of waiting for refill LPG delivery after finding the cylinder empty, to name a few, can be addressed, but at a significant cost. In high-income economies, millions of households have been using gas to meet all their cooking and heating needs (supplemented by electricity for certain appliances such as rice cookers and microwave ovens) but at a cost that would be unaffordable to many, if not most, households in developing countries. Commercially viable solutions to these problems for advanced combustion stoves, such as auto-ignition and automated pellet loading mechanisms, are not yet available. The emission performance of advanced combustion biomass stoves has been compromised by use of polluting start-up materials and practices, heterogeneity of biomass used (size, moisture content, type), and excessive emissions during fuel reloading and the burn-out phase. Battery and other equipment failures increase emissions further or can even render the stove inoperative. Deterioration in emission levels with the stove age has also found to be worryingly high in one study, pointing to the need to improve the durability of stove performance in the field.
format Working Paper
author Kojima, Masami
author_facet Kojima, Masami
author_sort Kojima, Masami
title Comparison of Bottled Gas and Advanced Combustion Pellet Stoves
title_short Comparison of Bottled Gas and Advanced Combustion Pellet Stoves
title_full Comparison of Bottled Gas and Advanced Combustion Pellet Stoves
title_fullStr Comparison of Bottled Gas and Advanced Combustion Pellet Stoves
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of Bottled Gas and Advanced Combustion Pellet Stoves
title_sort comparison of bottled gas and advanced combustion pellet stoves
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2021
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/440901626157056956/Comparison-of-Bottled-Gas-and-Advanced-Combustion-Pellet-Stoves
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35949
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