Protectionism and Gender Inequality in Developing Countries

How do tariffs impact gender inequality? Using harmonized household survey and tariff data from 54 low- and middle-income countries, this paper shows that protectionism has an anti-female bias. On average, tariffs repress the real incomes of female...

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Main Authors:	Artuc, Erhan, Depetris Chauvin, Nicolas, Porto, Guido, Rijkers, Bob
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2021
Subjects:	GENDER INEQUALITY GLOBALIZATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE TARIFFS POVERTY
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/531661629221891813/Protectionism-and-Gender-Inequality-in-Developing-Countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36173

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recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-361732021-08-20T05:10:42Z Protectionism and Gender Inequality in Developing Countries Artuc, Erhan Depetris Chauvin, Nicolas Porto, Guido Rijkers, Bob GENDER INEQUALITY GLOBALIZATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE TARIFFS POVERTY How do tariffs impact gender inequality? Using harmonized household survey and tariff data from 54 low- and middle-income countries, this paper shows that protectionism has an anti-female bias. On average, tariffs repress the real incomes of female headed households by 0.6 percentage points relative to that of male headed ones. Female headed households bear the brunt of tariffs because they derive a smaller share of their income from and spend a larger share of their budget on agricultural products, which are usually subject to high tariffs in developing countries. Consistent with this explanation, the anti-female bias is stronger in countries where female-headed households are underrepresented in agricultural production, are more reliant on remittances, and spend a larger share of their budgets on food than male-headed ones. 2021-08-19T14:26:03Z 2021-08-19T14:26:03Z 2021-08 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/531661629221891813/Protectionism-and-Gender-Inequality-in-Developing-Countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36173 English Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9750 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	GENDER INEQUALITY GLOBALIZATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE TARIFFS POVERTY
spellingShingle	GENDER INEQUALITY GLOBALIZATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE TARIFFS POVERTY Artuc, Erhan Depetris Chauvin, Nicolas Porto, Guido Rijkers, Bob Protectionism and Gender Inequality in Developing Countries
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9750
description	How do tariffs impact gender inequality? Using harmonized household survey and tariff data from 54 low- and middle-income countries, this paper shows that protectionism has an anti-female bias. On average, tariffs repress the real incomes of female headed households by 0.6 percentage points relative to that of male headed ones. Female headed households bear the brunt of tariffs because they derive a smaller share of their income from and spend a larger share of their budget on agricultural products, which are usually subject to high tariffs in developing countries. Consistent with this explanation, the anti-female bias is stronger in countries where female-headed households are underrepresented in agricultural production, are more reliant on remittances, and spend a larger share of their budgets on food than male-headed ones.
format	Working Paper
author	Artuc, Erhan Depetris Chauvin, Nicolas Porto, Guido Rijkers, Bob
author_facet	Artuc, Erhan Depetris Chauvin, Nicolas Porto, Guido Rijkers, Bob
author_sort	Artuc, Erhan
title	Protectionism and Gender Inequality in Developing Countries
title_short	Protectionism and Gender Inequality in Developing Countries
title_full	Protectionism and Gender Inequality in Developing Countries
title_fullStr	Protectionism and Gender Inequality in Developing Countries
title_full_unstemmed	Protectionism and Gender Inequality in Developing Countries
title_sort	protectionism and gender inequality in developing countries
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2021
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/531661629221891813/Protectionism-and-Gender-Inequality-in-Developing-Countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36173
_version_	1764484659563986944

Protectionism and Gender Inequality in Developing Countries

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