The Regressive Demands of Demand-Driven Development

Despite their explicit focus on reaching the poor, many community driven development (CDD) projects have been found to be only mildly pro-poor in their funding allocations. This paper presents evidence of an explanation that has been overlooked in...

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Main Authors:	Baird, Sarah, McIntosh, Craig, Ozler, Berk
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO MEDIA ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANTI-POVERTY ANTIPOVERTY PROGRAM AUDITS BENEFICIARIES BENEFICIARY GROUPS CAPACITY BUILDING CASH TRANSFERS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS CONFLICT CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION DATA CORRUPTION ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE SCHEME EXTENDED FAMILIES FOOD INSECURE HOUSEHOLDS FOOD-FOR-EDUCATION GEOGRAPHIC TARGETING HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSING HOUSING CENSUS IMPACT EVALUATION INCOME INEQUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS INTERVENTION KINSHIP NETWORKS LACK OF INFORMATION MEAT MILK PARTICIPATION RATES PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR AREAS POOR COMMUNITIES POOR DISTRICTS POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PROVINCES POOR VILLAGES POORER COMMUNITIES POORER HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY HEADCOUNT INDEX POVERTY INDICATORS POVERTY LINE POVERTY MAP POVERTY MAPPING POVERTY MAPS POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAM PRIVATE TRANSFERS PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS RURAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT SAFETY SAMPLE SIZE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL FUNDS SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SAFETY NETS STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS TARGETED TRANSFERS TARGETING TARGETING MECHANISMS VILLAGE FUND VILLAGE LEVEL VILLAGES VULNERABLE GROUPS VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS Microdata Set
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20111116163604 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3651

id	okr-10986-3651
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spelling	okr-10986-36512021-04-23T14:02:11Z The Regressive Demands of Demand-Driven Development Baird, Sarah McIntosh, Craig Ozler, Berk ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO MEDIA ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANTI-POVERTY ANTIPOVERTY PROGRAM AUDITS BENEFICIARIES BENEFICIARY GROUPS CAPACITY BUILDING CASH TRANSFERS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS CONFLICT CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION DATA CORRUPTION ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE SCHEME EXTENDED FAMILIES FOOD INSECURE HOUSEHOLDS FOOD-FOR-EDUCATION GEOGRAPHIC TARGETING HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSING HOUSING CENSUS IMPACT EVALUATION INCOME INEQUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS INTERVENTION KINSHIP NETWORKS LACK OF INFORMATION MEAT MILK PARTICIPATION RATES PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR AREAS POOR COMMUNITIES POOR DISTRICTS POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PROVINCES POOR VILLAGES POORER COMMUNITIES POORER HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY HEADCOUNT INDEX POVERTY INDICATORS POVERTY LINE POVERTY MAP POVERTY MAPPING POVERTY MAPS POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAM PRIVATE TRANSFERS PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS RURAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT SAFETY SAMPLE SIZE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL FUNDS SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SAFETY NETS STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS TARGETED TRANSFERS TARGETING TARGETING MECHANISMS VILLAGE FUND VILLAGE LEVEL VILLAGES VULNERABLE GROUPS VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS Microdata Set Despite their explicit focus on reaching the poor, many community driven development (CDD) projects have been found to be only mildly pro-poor in their funding allocations. This paper presents evidence of an explanation that has been overlooked in the CDD literature to date: the requirement that beneficiaries must apply for projects in order to receive support. The authors first examine data on the universe of project applications and funding under Tanzania's flagship CDD program, Tanzania's Social Action Fund, and then use a census of 100 program villages to examine the determinants of both program awareness and program participation at the household level. The data paint a consistent picture at both levels: wealth, access to information, and political capital are important correlates of the ability to navigate the application process successfully. The centrally dictated features of this decentralized program appear to be the most effective mechanisms in directing funds to the poor. The results suggest that unless demand-driven projects can develop ways of soliciting engagement from a broader cross-section of the population, they are unlikely to achieve truly progressive targeting. 2012-03-19T18:06:13Z 2012-03-19T18:06:13Z 2011-11-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20111116163604 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3651 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5883,Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change Program (KCP) CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa East Africa Tanzania
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO MEDIA ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANTI-POVERTY ANTIPOVERTY PROGRAM AUDITS BENEFICIARIES BENEFICIARY GROUPS CAPACITY BUILDING CASH TRANSFERS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS CONFLICT CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION DATA CORRUPTION ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE SCHEME EXTENDED FAMILIES FOOD INSECURE HOUSEHOLDS FOOD-FOR-EDUCATION GEOGRAPHIC TARGETING HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSING HOUSING CENSUS IMPACT EVALUATION INCOME INEQUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS INTERVENTION KINSHIP NETWORKS LACK OF INFORMATION MEAT MILK PARTICIPATION RATES PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR AREAS POOR COMMUNITIES POOR DISTRICTS POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PROVINCES POOR VILLAGES POORER COMMUNITIES POORER HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY HEADCOUNT INDEX POVERTY INDICATORS POVERTY LINE POVERTY MAP POVERTY MAPPING POVERTY MAPS POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAM PRIVATE TRANSFERS PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS RURAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT SAFETY SAMPLE SIZE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL FUNDS SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SAFETY NETS STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS TARGETED TRANSFERS TARGETING TARGETING MECHANISMS VILLAGE FUND VILLAGE LEVEL VILLAGES VULNERABLE GROUPS VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS Microdata Set
spellingShingle	ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO MEDIA ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANTI-POVERTY ANTIPOVERTY PROGRAM AUDITS BENEFICIARIES BENEFICIARY GROUPS CAPACITY BUILDING CASH TRANSFERS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS CONFLICT CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION DATA CORRUPTION ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE SCHEME EXTENDED FAMILIES FOOD INSECURE HOUSEHOLDS FOOD-FOR-EDUCATION GEOGRAPHIC TARGETING HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSING HOUSING CENSUS IMPACT EVALUATION INCOME INEQUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS INTERVENTION KINSHIP NETWORKS LACK OF INFORMATION MEAT MILK PARTICIPATION RATES PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR AREAS POOR COMMUNITIES POOR DISTRICTS POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PROVINCES POOR VILLAGES POORER COMMUNITIES POORER HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY HEADCOUNT INDEX POVERTY INDICATORS POVERTY LINE POVERTY MAP POVERTY MAPPING POVERTY MAPS POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAM PRIVATE TRANSFERS PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS RURAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT SAFETY SAMPLE SIZE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL FUNDS SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SAFETY NETS STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS TARGETED TRANSFERS TARGETING TARGETING MECHANISMS VILLAGE FUND VILLAGE LEVEL VILLAGES VULNERABLE GROUPS VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS Microdata Set Baird, Sarah McIntosh, Craig Ozler, Berk The Regressive Demands of Demand-Driven Development
geographic_facet	Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa East Africa Tanzania
relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5883,Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change Program (KCP)
description	Despite their explicit focus on reaching the poor, many community driven development (CDD) projects have been found to be only mildly pro-poor in their funding allocations. This paper presents evidence of an explanation that has been overlooked in the CDD literature to date: the requirement that beneficiaries must apply for projects in order to receive support. The authors first examine data on the universe of project applications and funding under Tanzania's flagship CDD program, Tanzania's Social Action Fund, and then use a census of 100 program villages to examine the determinants of both program awareness and program participation at the household level. The data paint a consistent picture at both levels: wealth, access to information, and political capital are important correlates of the ability to navigate the application process successfully. The centrally dictated features of this decentralized program appear to be the most effective mechanisms in directing funds to the poor. The results suggest that unless demand-driven projects can develop ways of soliciting engagement from a broader cross-section of the population, they are unlikely to achieve truly progressive targeting.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Baird, Sarah McIntosh, Craig Ozler, Berk
author_facet	Baird, Sarah McIntosh, Craig Ozler, Berk
author_sort	Baird, Sarah
title	The Regressive Demands of Demand-Driven Development
title_short	The Regressive Demands of Demand-Driven Development
title_full	The Regressive Demands of Demand-Driven Development
title_fullStr	The Regressive Demands of Demand-Driven Development
title_full_unstemmed	The Regressive Demands of Demand-Driven Development
title_sort	regressive demands of demand-driven development
publishDate	2012
url	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20111116163604 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3651
_version_	1764387632419176448

The Regressive Demands of Demand-Driven Development

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