Explaining the Demand for Sovereignty

Why do groups want to secede and where are we most likely to see demands for self-determination? This paper proposes an economic explanation whereby a tradeoff between income and sovereignty implies that, other things being equal, richer regions ar...

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Main Authors:	Sambanis, Nicholas, Milanovic, Branko
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE TERMS ADJACENT REGIONS ADMINISTRATIVE REGION ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ARMED CONFLICTS ASSET REDISTRIBUTION BASQUE REGION BORDER REGIONS BOUNDARIES CITIZENS CITIZENSHIP CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR CIVIL WARS COLONIALISM COMPLICATIONS DECENTRALIZATION DEFENSE DEMOCRACY DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISCRIMINATION DISPOSABLE INCOME DISTINCT REGIONS DYNAMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC MODELS ECONOMIC REGIONS ECONOMIC SPECIALIZATION ECONOMIC THEORIES ECONOMIES OF SCALE ETHNIC CONFLICT ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUPS ETHNIC HETEROGENEITY ETHNIC MINORITY FISCAL POLICY FLAG GDP GDP PER CAPITA GEOGRAPHICAL REGION GINI COEFFICIENT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GROWTH RATE HIGHER INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME INEQUALITY INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INTER-REGIONAL INEQUALITY INTERDEPENDENCE INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION KINSHIP LOCAL COMMUNITIES LOCAL COMMUNITY MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT MODERNIZATION NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL ECONOMY NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE NATIONAL LEVELS NATIONAL RESOURCES NATIONALISM NATIONALISMS NATIONS NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCES OLD REGIME OPPORTUNITY COSTS PEACE PENSIONS POLARIZATION POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ACTION POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL PARTIES POLITICAL RIGHTS POLITICAL SYSTEMS POOR REGIONS POORER REGIONS POPULAR SUPPORT POPULATION CENSUSES POPULATION MOVEMENTS POPULATION SIZE PROGRESS PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC SUPPORT PULL FACTORS RECONSTRUCTION REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS REGIONAL CONFLICT REGIONAL DEMAND REGIONAL DEMANDS REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT REGIONAL DIFFERENCE REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION REGIONAL INCOME REGIONAL INCOME INEQUALITY REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL LEVELS REGIONAL PER CAPITA INCOME REGIONAL POPULATION REGIONAL POPULATION SHARE REGIONAL REVENUES REGIONAL TAXES REGIONAL VARIATION REGIONALISM REGRESSION ANALYSIS RESOURCE-RICH REGIONS RESPECT REVOLUTION RICH REGIONS RURAL AREAS RURAL INCOME SCHOOL CURRICULUM SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOL SELF-DETERMINATION SELF-ESTEEM SMALL COUNTRIES SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL COMMUNICATION SOCIAL CONFLICT SOCIAL MOVEMENTS SOCIAL RESEARCH SOCIAL STATUS SOVEREIGNTIES SOVEREIGNTY TAXATION UNEMPLOYMENT UNMET DEMAND VIOLENCE VIOLENT CONFLICT WARS WEALTH
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20111128082306 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3656

id	okr-10986-3656
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spelling	okr-10986-36562021-04-23T14:02:11Z Explaining the Demand for Sovereignty Sambanis, Nicholas Milanovic, Branko ABSOLUTE TERMS ADJACENT REGIONS ADMINISTRATIVE REGION ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ARMED CONFLICTS ASSET REDISTRIBUTION BASQUE REGION BORDER REGIONS BOUNDARIES CITIZENS CITIZENSHIP CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR CIVIL WARS COLONIALISM COMPLICATIONS DECENTRALIZATION DEFENSE DEMOCRACY DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISCRIMINATION DISPOSABLE INCOME DISTINCT REGIONS DYNAMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC MODELS ECONOMIC REGIONS ECONOMIC SPECIALIZATION ECONOMIC THEORIES ECONOMIES OF SCALE ETHNIC CONFLICT ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUPS ETHNIC HETEROGENEITY ETHNIC MINORITY FISCAL POLICY FLAG GDP GDP PER CAPITA GEOGRAPHICAL REGION GINI COEFFICIENT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GROWTH RATE HIGHER INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME INEQUALITY INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INTER-REGIONAL INEQUALITY INTERDEPENDENCE INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION KINSHIP LOCAL COMMUNITIES LOCAL COMMUNITY MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT MODERNIZATION NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL ECONOMY NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE NATIONAL LEVELS NATIONAL RESOURCES NATIONALISM NATIONALISMS NATIONS NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCES OLD REGIME OPPORTUNITY COSTS PEACE PENSIONS POLARIZATION POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ACTION POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL PARTIES POLITICAL RIGHTS POLITICAL SYSTEMS POOR REGIONS POORER REGIONS POPULAR SUPPORT POPULATION CENSUSES POPULATION MOVEMENTS POPULATION SIZE PROGRESS PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC SUPPORT PULL FACTORS RECONSTRUCTION REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS REGIONAL CONFLICT REGIONAL DEMAND REGIONAL DEMANDS REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT REGIONAL DIFFERENCE REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION REGIONAL INCOME REGIONAL INCOME INEQUALITY REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL LEVELS REGIONAL PER CAPITA INCOME REGIONAL POPULATION REGIONAL POPULATION SHARE REGIONAL REVENUES REGIONAL TAXES REGIONAL VARIATION REGIONALISM REGRESSION ANALYSIS RESOURCE-RICH REGIONS RESPECT REVOLUTION RICH REGIONS RURAL AREAS RURAL INCOME SCHOOL CURRICULUM SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOL SELF-DETERMINATION SELF-ESTEEM SMALL COUNTRIES SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL COMMUNICATION SOCIAL CONFLICT SOCIAL MOVEMENTS SOCIAL RESEARCH SOCIAL STATUS SOVEREIGNTIES SOVEREIGNTY TAXATION UNEMPLOYMENT UNMET DEMAND VIOLENCE VIOLENT CONFLICT WARS WEALTH Why do groups want to secede and where are we most likely to see demands for self-determination? This paper proposes an economic explanation whereby a tradeoff between income and sovereignty implies that, other things being equal, richer regions are more likely to want more autonomy and conflict arises due to a disparity between desired and actual levels of sovereignty. The authors provide simple empirical tests using new data collected at the level of second-tier administrative subdivisions in 48 decentralized countries. They find a positive association between, on the one hand, relative regional income, regional population share, natural resource endowment, and regional inter-personal inequality and, on the other hand, observed sovereignty levels. Ethnically distinct regions have lower sovereignty, but this association is only conditional on controlling for the interactive effects between ethnic distinctiveness and regional inter-personal inequality. 2012-03-19T18:06:19Z 2012-03-19T18:06:19Z 2011-11-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20111128082306 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3656 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5888 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper The World Region The World Region
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ABSOLUTE TERMS ADJACENT REGIONS ADMINISTRATIVE REGION ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ARMED CONFLICTS ASSET REDISTRIBUTION BASQUE REGION BORDER REGIONS BOUNDARIES CITIZENS CITIZENSHIP CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR CIVIL WARS COLONIALISM COMPLICATIONS DECENTRALIZATION DEFENSE DEMOCRACY DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISCRIMINATION DISPOSABLE INCOME DISTINCT REGIONS DYNAMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC MODELS ECONOMIC REGIONS ECONOMIC SPECIALIZATION ECONOMIC THEORIES ECONOMIES OF SCALE ETHNIC CONFLICT ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUPS ETHNIC HETEROGENEITY ETHNIC MINORITY FISCAL POLICY FLAG GDP GDP PER CAPITA GEOGRAPHICAL REGION GINI COEFFICIENT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GROWTH RATE HIGHER INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME INEQUALITY INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INTER-REGIONAL INEQUALITY INTERDEPENDENCE INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION KINSHIP LOCAL COMMUNITIES LOCAL COMMUNITY MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT MODERNIZATION NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL ECONOMY NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE NATIONAL LEVELS NATIONAL RESOURCES NATIONALISM NATIONALISMS NATIONS NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCES OLD REGIME OPPORTUNITY COSTS PEACE PENSIONS POLARIZATION POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ACTION POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL PARTIES POLITICAL RIGHTS POLITICAL SYSTEMS POOR REGIONS POORER REGIONS POPULAR SUPPORT POPULATION CENSUSES POPULATION MOVEMENTS POPULATION SIZE PROGRESS PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC SUPPORT PULL FACTORS RECONSTRUCTION REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS REGIONAL CONFLICT REGIONAL DEMAND REGIONAL DEMANDS REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT REGIONAL DIFFERENCE REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION REGIONAL INCOME REGIONAL INCOME INEQUALITY REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL LEVELS REGIONAL PER CAPITA INCOME REGIONAL POPULATION REGIONAL POPULATION SHARE REGIONAL REVENUES REGIONAL TAXES REGIONAL VARIATION REGIONALISM REGRESSION ANALYSIS RESOURCE-RICH REGIONS RESPECT REVOLUTION RICH REGIONS RURAL AREAS RURAL INCOME SCHOOL CURRICULUM SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOL SELF-DETERMINATION SELF-ESTEEM SMALL COUNTRIES SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL COMMUNICATION SOCIAL CONFLICT SOCIAL MOVEMENTS SOCIAL RESEARCH SOCIAL STATUS SOVEREIGNTIES SOVEREIGNTY TAXATION UNEMPLOYMENT UNMET DEMAND VIOLENCE VIOLENT CONFLICT WARS WEALTH
spellingShingle	ABSOLUTE TERMS ADJACENT REGIONS ADMINISTRATIVE REGION ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ARMED CONFLICTS ASSET REDISTRIBUTION BASQUE REGION BORDER REGIONS BOUNDARIES CITIZENS CITIZENSHIP CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR CIVIL WARS COLONIALISM COMPLICATIONS DECENTRALIZATION DEFENSE DEMOCRACY DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISCRIMINATION DISPOSABLE INCOME DISTINCT REGIONS DYNAMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC MODELS ECONOMIC REGIONS ECONOMIC SPECIALIZATION ECONOMIC THEORIES ECONOMIES OF SCALE ETHNIC CONFLICT ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUPS ETHNIC HETEROGENEITY ETHNIC MINORITY FISCAL POLICY FLAG GDP GDP PER CAPITA GEOGRAPHICAL REGION GINI COEFFICIENT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GROWTH RATE HIGHER INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME INEQUALITY INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INTER-REGIONAL INEQUALITY INTERDEPENDENCE INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION KINSHIP LOCAL COMMUNITIES LOCAL COMMUNITY MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT MODERNIZATION NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL ECONOMY NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE NATIONAL LEVELS NATIONAL RESOURCES NATIONALISM NATIONALISMS NATIONS NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCES OLD REGIME OPPORTUNITY COSTS PEACE PENSIONS POLARIZATION POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ACTION POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL PARTIES POLITICAL RIGHTS POLITICAL SYSTEMS POOR REGIONS POORER REGIONS POPULAR SUPPORT POPULATION CENSUSES POPULATION MOVEMENTS POPULATION SIZE PROGRESS PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC SUPPORT PULL FACTORS RECONSTRUCTION REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS REGIONAL CONFLICT REGIONAL DEMAND REGIONAL DEMANDS REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT REGIONAL DIFFERENCE REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION REGIONAL INCOME REGIONAL INCOME INEQUALITY REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL LEVELS REGIONAL PER CAPITA INCOME REGIONAL POPULATION REGIONAL POPULATION SHARE REGIONAL REVENUES REGIONAL TAXES REGIONAL VARIATION REGIONALISM REGRESSION ANALYSIS RESOURCE-RICH REGIONS RESPECT REVOLUTION RICH REGIONS RURAL AREAS RURAL INCOME SCHOOL CURRICULUM SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOL SELF-DETERMINATION SELF-ESTEEM SMALL COUNTRIES SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL COMMUNICATION SOCIAL CONFLICT SOCIAL MOVEMENTS SOCIAL RESEARCH SOCIAL STATUS SOVEREIGNTIES SOVEREIGNTY TAXATION UNEMPLOYMENT UNMET DEMAND VIOLENCE VIOLENT CONFLICT WARS WEALTH Sambanis, Nicholas Milanovic, Branko Explaining the Demand for Sovereignty
geographic_facet	The World Region The World Region
relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5888
description	Why do groups want to secede and where are we most likely to see demands for self-determination? This paper proposes an economic explanation whereby a tradeoff between income and sovereignty implies that, other things being equal, richer regions are more likely to want more autonomy and conflict arises due to a disparity between desired and actual levels of sovereignty. The authors provide simple empirical tests using new data collected at the level of second-tier administrative subdivisions in 48 decentralized countries. They find a positive association between, on the one hand, relative regional income, regional population share, natural resource endowment, and regional inter-personal inequality and, on the other hand, observed sovereignty levels. Ethnically distinct regions have lower sovereignty, but this association is only conditional on controlling for the interactive effects between ethnic distinctiveness and regional inter-personal inequality.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Sambanis, Nicholas Milanovic, Branko
author_facet	Sambanis, Nicholas Milanovic, Branko
author_sort	Sambanis, Nicholas
title	Explaining the Demand for Sovereignty
title_short	Explaining the Demand for Sovereignty
title_full	Explaining the Demand for Sovereignty
title_fullStr	Explaining the Demand for Sovereignty
title_full_unstemmed	Explaining the Demand for Sovereignty
title_sort	explaining the demand for sovereignty
publishDate	2012
url	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20111128082306 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3656
_version_	1764387656517550080

Explaining the Demand for Sovereignty

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