Long-Term Effects of the 1923 Mass Refugee Inflow on Social Cohesion in Greece
After the 1919–1922 Greco-Turkish conflict, 1.2 million Greek Orthodox were forcibly displaced from Turkey to Greece, increasing the host population by 20 percent within a few months. Refugees were pro-vided with farmland, new houses and schools, a...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2022
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/216361643247188116/Long-Term-Effects-of-the-1923-Mass-Refugee-Inflow-on-Social-Cohesion-in-Greece http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36913 |
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okr-10986-369132022-02-04T05:10:35Z Long-Term Effects of the 1923 Mass Refugee Inflow on Social Cohesion in Greece Murard, Elie REFUGEES MIGRATION SOCIAL COHESION INTEGRATION HISTORICAL PERSISTENCE IMMIGRATION IMMIGRANTS After the 1919–1922 Greco-Turkish conflict, 1.2 million Greek Orthodox were forcibly displaced from Turkey to Greece, increasing the host population by 20 percent within a few months. Refugees were pro-vided with farmland, new houses and schools, and were granted the Greek citizenship. This paper analyses the long-term social integration of refugees and the effect of their resettlement on social cohesion. Combining historical and modern population censuses and surveys, this paper finds that, by the 2000s, refugees display a high rate of intermarriage with Greek natives, report levels of trust in others and in institutions similar to natives, and exhibit higher political and civic participation. At the community level, places with a higher share of refugees in 1928 are more likely to have at least one sport association 80 years later. There is no impact on political fragmentation nor on crime. The historical refugees’ integration starkly contrasts with the social marginalization of recent Albanian immigrants who, unlike the former, neither spoke Greek nor had the same religion as locals upon arrival. These results suggest that early investments in inclusion policies can be effective at fostering refugees’ assimilation, at least when newcomers and locals have similar cultural profiles. 2022-02-03T14:46:16Z 2022-02-03T14:46:16Z 2022-01 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/216361643247188116/Long-Term-Effects-of-the-1923-Mass-Refugee-Inflow-on-Social-Cohesion-in-Greece http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36913 English Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9912 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Europe and Central Asia Greece |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
REFUGEES MIGRATION SOCIAL COHESION INTEGRATION HISTORICAL PERSISTENCE IMMIGRATION IMMIGRANTS |
| spellingShingle |
REFUGEES MIGRATION SOCIAL COHESION INTEGRATION HISTORICAL PERSISTENCE IMMIGRATION IMMIGRANTS Murard, Elie Long-Term Effects of the 1923 Mass Refugee Inflow on Social Cohesion in Greece |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Greece |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9912 |
| description |
After the 1919–1922 Greco-Turkish
conflict, 1.2 million Greek Orthodox were forcibly displaced
from Turkey to Greece, increasing the host population by 20
percent within a few months. Refugees were pro-vided with
farmland, new houses and schools, and were granted the Greek
citizenship. This paper analyses the long-term social
integration of refugees and the effect of their resettlement
on social cohesion. Combining historical and modern
population censuses and surveys, this paper finds that, by
the 2000s, refugees display a high rate of intermarriage
with Greek natives, report levels of trust in others and in
institutions similar to natives, and exhibit higher
political and civic participation. At the community level,
places with a higher share of refugees in 1928 are more
likely to have at least one sport association 80 years
later. There is no impact on political fragmentation nor on
crime. The historical refugees’ integration starkly
contrasts with the social marginalization of recent Albanian
immigrants who, unlike the former, neither spoke Greek nor
had the same religion as locals upon arrival. These results
suggest that early investments in inclusion policies can be
effective at fostering refugees’ assimilation, at least when
newcomers and locals have similar cultural profiles. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Murard, Elie |
| author_facet |
Murard, Elie |
| author_sort |
Murard, Elie |
| title |
Long-Term Effects of the 1923 Mass Refugee Inflow on Social Cohesion in Greece |
| title_short |
Long-Term Effects of the 1923 Mass Refugee Inflow on Social Cohesion in Greece |
| title_full |
Long-Term Effects of the 1923 Mass Refugee Inflow on Social Cohesion in Greece |
| title_fullStr |
Long-Term Effects of the 1923 Mass Refugee Inflow on Social Cohesion in Greece |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Long-Term Effects of the 1923 Mass Refugee Inflow on Social Cohesion in Greece |
| title_sort |
long-term effects of the 1923 mass refugee inflow on social cohesion in greece |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/216361643247188116/Long-Term-Effects-of-the-1923-Mass-Refugee-Inflow-on-Social-Cohesion-in-Greece http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36913 |
| _version_ |
1764486152618770432 |