Inequality and Security in the Aftermath of Internal Population Displacement Shocks : Evidence from Nigeria
This paper studies the security implications of internal displacement shocks for host communities. It focuses on changes in wealth within host communities induced by the inflow of internally displaced persons (IDPs) as a potential mechanism that tri...
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2022
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099956405182219719/IDU07814c0ce004af042470b7070b7d58954fcdd http://hdl.handle.net/10986/37465 |
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okr-10986-374652022-05-21T05:10:34Z Inequality and Security in the Aftermath of Internal Population Displacement Shocks : Evidence from Nigeria Ludolph, Lars Šedová, Barbora Talevi, Marta INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT SECURITY DISPLACEMENT SHOCKS HOST COMMUNITY IMPACT LOCAL CONFLICT ETHNIC VIOLENCE FORCED DISPLACEMENT RELIEF TEMPORARY DISPLACEMENT HUMAN RIGTS VIOLENT CRIME ECONOMIC RELIEF MEASURES This paper studies the security implications of internal displacement shocks for host communities. It focuses on changes in wealth within host communities induced by the inflow of internally displaced persons (IDPs) as a potential mechanism that triggers local conflicts. The sudden insurgency of the jihadist terrorist organization Boko Haram, which led to the internal displacement of over 2.5 million persons in northeastern Nigeria, is used as a quasi-natural experiment. Applying both a two-way fixed effects analysis and an instrumental variable strategy based on historical ethnic ties between the areas of displacement and receiving areas, the results show that the presence of IDPs is associated with a decrease in aggregate wealth and an increase in inequality within host communities, between 2010 and 2019. These effects are accompanied by an increased risk of conflict onset in the short and long run. The inequality–conflict link is likely to be caused by grievances among low-wealth segments of the host community towards new arrivals rather than by changes in social cohesion within host communities, which increased in response to the inflow of IDPs. The analysis further indicates that an improvement in IDPs’ living conditions is accompanied by a decrease in violence and improved relations between hosts and IDPs. Taken together, findings from this study call for a two-pronged immediate relief and recovery approach that alleviates adverse economic effects on vulnerable segments of host communities and increases IDPs’ welfare in displacement settings. 2022-05-20T19:49:57Z 2022-05-20T19:49:57Z 2022-05 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099956405182219719/IDU07814c0ce004af042470b7070b7d58954fcdd http://hdl.handle.net/10986/37465 English Policy Research Working Papers;10053 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Nigeria |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT SECURITY DISPLACEMENT SHOCKS HOST COMMUNITY IMPACT LOCAL CONFLICT ETHNIC VIOLENCE FORCED DISPLACEMENT RELIEF TEMPORARY DISPLACEMENT HUMAN RIGTS VIOLENT CRIME ECONOMIC RELIEF MEASURES |
| spellingShingle |
INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT SECURITY DISPLACEMENT SHOCKS HOST COMMUNITY IMPACT LOCAL CONFLICT ETHNIC VIOLENCE FORCED DISPLACEMENT RELIEF TEMPORARY DISPLACEMENT HUMAN RIGTS VIOLENT CRIME ECONOMIC RELIEF MEASURES Ludolph, Lars Šedová, Barbora Talevi, Marta Inequality and Security in the Aftermath of Internal Population Displacement Shocks : Evidence from Nigeria |
| geographic_facet |
Nigeria |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Papers;10053 |
| description |
This paper studies the security
implications of internal displacement shocks for host
communities. It focuses on changes in wealth within host
communities induced by the inflow of internally displaced
persons (IDPs) as a potential mechanism that triggers local
conflicts. The sudden insurgency of the jihadist terrorist
organization Boko Haram, which led to the internal
displacement of over 2.5 million persons in northeastern
Nigeria, is used as a quasi-natural experiment. Applying
both a two-way fixed effects analysis and an instrumental
variable strategy based on historical ethnic ties between
the areas of displacement and receiving areas, the results
show that the presence of IDPs is associated with a decrease
in aggregate wealth and an increase in inequality within
host communities, between 2010 and 2019. These effects are
accompanied by an increased risk of conflict onset in the
short and long run. The inequality–conflict link is likely
to be caused by grievances among low-wealth segments of the
host community towards new arrivals rather than by changes
in social cohesion within host communities, which increased
in response to the inflow of IDPs. The analysis further
indicates that an improvement in IDPs’ living conditions is
accompanied by a decrease in violence and improved relations
between hosts and IDPs. Taken together, findings from this
study call for a two-pronged immediate relief and recovery
approach that alleviates adverse economic effects on
vulnerable segments of host communities and increases IDPs’
welfare in displacement settings. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Ludolph, Lars Šedová, Barbora Talevi, Marta |
| author_facet |
Ludolph, Lars Šedová, Barbora Talevi, Marta |
| author_sort |
Ludolph, Lars |
| title |
Inequality and Security in the Aftermath of Internal Population Displacement Shocks : Evidence from Nigeria |
| title_short |
Inequality and Security in the Aftermath of Internal Population Displacement Shocks : Evidence from Nigeria |
| title_full |
Inequality and Security in the Aftermath of Internal Population Displacement Shocks : Evidence from Nigeria |
| title_fullStr |
Inequality and Security in the Aftermath of Internal Population Displacement Shocks : Evidence from Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Inequality and Security in the Aftermath of Internal Population Displacement Shocks : Evidence from Nigeria |
| title_sort |
inequality and security in the aftermath of internal population displacement shocks : evidence from nigeria |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099956405182219719/IDU07814c0ce004af042470b7070b7d58954fcdd http://hdl.handle.net/10986/37465 |
| _version_ |
1764487213899317248 |