Openness and Technological Innovation in East Asia : Have They Increased the Demand for Skills?

This paper examines whether the increased openness and technological innovation in East Asia have contributed to an increased demand for skills in the region. The author explores a unique firm level data set across eight countries in Asia and the P...

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Main Author:	Almeida, Rita K.
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY BALANCE SHEET BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAPITAL STOCK CODES COMMERCIAL BANKS COMPETITIVENESS COMPONENTS COMPUTERS COUNTRY FIXED EFFECTS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS E-MAIL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES EDUCATIONAL LEVEL ELECTRONICS EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH ENTERPRISE SURVEY ENTERPRISE SURVEYS EXTERNAL FINANCE FINANCIAL SUPPORT FIRM LEVEL FIRM PERFORMANCE FIRM SIZE FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP GLOBALIZATION HIGH TECHNOLOGY HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME GROUP INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT CLIMATE JOB CREATION JOB TRAINING JOB VACANCIES JOBS LABOR COSTS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR REGULATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOR RELATIONS LABOR SUPPLY LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MANUFACTURING MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES MISSING DATA MOTIVATION NEW TECHNOLOGY OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OUTPUT PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION WORKERS PRODUCTIVITY R&D RELIABILITY RESULTS SKILL SHORTAGES SKILL UPGRADING SKILLED LABOR SKILLED OCCUPATIONS SKILLED WORKERS SKILLS SHORTAGES SOCIAL PROTECTION TAX TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS TECHNOLOGICAL INVESTMENTS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS USES WAGE DIFFERENTIAL WAGE EFFECTS WAGE INEQUALITY WAGE PREMIUM WAGE PREMIUMS WAGES WEB WORKER
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100415151426 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3759

id	okr-10986-3759
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-37592021-04-23T14:02:12Z Openness and Technological Innovation in East Asia : Have They Increased the Demand for Skills? Almeida, Rita K. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY BALANCE SHEET BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAPITAL STOCK CODES COMMERCIAL BANKS COMPETITIVENESS COMPONENTS COMPUTERS COUNTRY FIXED EFFECTS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS E-MAIL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES EDUCATIONAL LEVEL ELECTRONICS EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH ENTERPRISE SURVEY ENTERPRISE SURVEYS EXTERNAL FINANCE FINANCIAL SUPPORT FIRM LEVEL FIRM PERFORMANCE FIRM SIZE FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP GLOBALIZATION HIGH TECHNOLOGY HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME GROUP INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT CLIMATE JOB CREATION JOB TRAINING JOB VACANCIES JOBS LABOR COSTS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR REGULATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOR RELATIONS LABOR SUPPLY LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MANUFACTURING MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES MISSING DATA MOTIVATION NEW TECHNOLOGY OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OUTPUT PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION WORKERS PRODUCTIVITY R&D RELIABILITY RESULTS SKILL SHORTAGES SKILL UPGRADING SKILLED LABOR SKILLED OCCUPATIONS SKILLED WORKERS SKILLS SHORTAGES SOCIAL PROTECTION TAX TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS TECHNOLOGICAL INVESTMENTS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS USES WAGE DIFFERENTIAL WAGE EFFECTS WAGE INEQUALITY WAGE PREMIUM WAGE PREMIUMS WAGES WEB WORKER This paper examines whether the increased openness and technological innovation in East Asia have contributed to an increased demand for skills in the region. The author explores a unique firm level data set across eight countries in Asia and the Pacific region. The results strongly support the idea that greater openness and technological innovation have increased the demand for skills, especially in middle-income countries. In particular, while the presence in international markets has been skill enhancing for most middle-income countries, this is not the case for manufacturing firms operating in China and in low-income countries. The author interprets this to support the premise that if international integration in the region continues to intensify and technology continues to be skilled biased, policies aimed at mitigating the skills shortages should produce continual and persistent increase in skills. 2012-03-19T18:39:19Z 2012-03-19T18:39:19Z 2010-04-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100415151426 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3759 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5272 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper East Asia and Pacific East Asia
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY BALANCE SHEET BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAPITAL STOCK CODES COMMERCIAL BANKS COMPETITIVENESS COMPONENTS COMPUTERS COUNTRY FIXED EFFECTS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS E-MAIL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES EDUCATIONAL LEVEL ELECTRONICS EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH ENTERPRISE SURVEY ENTERPRISE SURVEYS EXTERNAL FINANCE FINANCIAL SUPPORT FIRM LEVEL FIRM PERFORMANCE FIRM SIZE FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP GLOBALIZATION HIGH TECHNOLOGY HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME GROUP INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT CLIMATE JOB CREATION JOB TRAINING JOB VACANCIES JOBS LABOR COSTS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR REGULATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOR RELATIONS LABOR SUPPLY LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MANUFACTURING MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES MISSING DATA MOTIVATION NEW TECHNOLOGY OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OUTPUT PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION WORKERS PRODUCTIVITY R&D RELIABILITY RESULTS SKILL SHORTAGES SKILL UPGRADING SKILLED LABOR SKILLED OCCUPATIONS SKILLED WORKERS SKILLS SHORTAGES SOCIAL PROTECTION TAX TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS TECHNOLOGICAL INVESTMENTS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS USES WAGE DIFFERENTIAL WAGE EFFECTS WAGE INEQUALITY WAGE PREMIUM WAGE PREMIUMS WAGES WEB WORKER
spellingShingle	ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY BALANCE SHEET BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAPITAL STOCK CODES COMMERCIAL BANKS COMPETITIVENESS COMPONENTS COMPUTERS COUNTRY FIXED EFFECTS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS E-MAIL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES EDUCATIONAL LEVEL ELECTRONICS EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH ENTERPRISE SURVEY ENTERPRISE SURVEYS EXTERNAL FINANCE FINANCIAL SUPPORT FIRM LEVEL FIRM PERFORMANCE FIRM SIZE FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP GLOBALIZATION HIGH TECHNOLOGY HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME GROUP INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT CLIMATE JOB CREATION JOB TRAINING JOB VACANCIES JOBS LABOR COSTS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR REGULATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOR RELATIONS LABOR SUPPLY LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MANUFACTURING MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES MISSING DATA MOTIVATION NEW TECHNOLOGY OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OUTPUT PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION WORKERS PRODUCTIVITY R&D RELIABILITY RESULTS SKILL SHORTAGES SKILL UPGRADING SKILLED LABOR SKILLED OCCUPATIONS SKILLED WORKERS SKILLS SHORTAGES SOCIAL PROTECTION TAX TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS TECHNOLOGICAL INVESTMENTS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS USES WAGE DIFFERENTIAL WAGE EFFECTS WAGE INEQUALITY WAGE PREMIUM WAGE PREMIUMS WAGES WEB WORKER Almeida, Rita K. Openness and Technological Innovation in East Asia : Have They Increased the Demand for Skills?
geographic_facet	East Asia and Pacific East Asia
relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5272
description	This paper examines whether the increased openness and technological innovation in East Asia have contributed to an increased demand for skills in the region. The author explores a unique firm level data set across eight countries in Asia and the Pacific region. The results strongly support the idea that greater openness and technological innovation have increased the demand for skills, especially in middle-income countries. In particular, while the presence in international markets has been skill enhancing for most middle-income countries, this is not the case for manufacturing firms operating in China and in low-income countries. The author interprets this to support the premise that if international integration in the region continues to intensify and technology continues to be skilled biased, policies aimed at mitigating the skills shortages should produce continual and persistent increase in skills.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Almeida, Rita K.
author_facet	Almeida, Rita K.
author_sort	Almeida, Rita K.
title	Openness and Technological Innovation in East Asia : Have They Increased the Demand for Skills?
title_short	Openness and Technological Innovation in East Asia : Have They Increased the Demand for Skills?
title_full	Openness and Technological Innovation in East Asia : Have They Increased the Demand for Skills?
title_fullStr	Openness and Technological Innovation in East Asia : Have They Increased the Demand for Skills?
title_full_unstemmed	Openness and Technological Innovation in East Asia : Have They Increased the Demand for Skills?
title_sort	openness and technological innovation in east asia : have they increased the demand for skills?
publishDate	2012
url	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100415151426 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3759
_version_	1764388178033115136

Openness and Technological Innovation in East Asia : Have They Increased the Demand for Skills?

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