Access to Water, Women’s Work and Child Outcomes

Poor rural women in the developing world spend considerable time collecting water. How then do they respond to improved access to water infrastructure? Does it increase their participation in income earning market-based activities? Does it improve...

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Main Authors:	Koolwal, Gayatri, van de Walle, Dominique
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO MARKETS ADEQUATE EDUCATION AGED AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVE APPROACH ANTENATAL CARE BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS CHILD CARE CHILD HEALTH CHILD LABOR CHILD MORTALITY CHILD NUTRITION CHILD REARING CHILD WELFARE CHILDBEARING COMMUNITY MEMBERS CONSTRUCTION CULTURAL CHANGE DECISION MAKING DECISION MAKING PROCESSES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISABILITY DISEASES DOMESTIC WORKLOAD DRINKING WATER DRINKING WATER SUPPLY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES EMPOWERING WOMEN FAMILIES FEMALE LABOR FORCE FERTILITY FIRST MARRIAGE FOOD SECURITY FRESHWATER AVAILABILITY GAP BETWEEN GIRLS GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER GAPS GLOBAL WATER CRISIS GREEN REVOLUTION GROUNDWATER HEALTH CARE HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INDICATORS HEALTH OUTCOMES HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ILLNESS IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INFANT INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LAND OWNERSHIP LAUNDRY LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARITAL STATUS MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MOTHER NATURAL RESOURCE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OLDER WOMEN PIPED WATER POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION DENSITY PRICE OF WATER PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLS PROGRESS REMITTANCES RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL POPULATION RURAL PRODUCTIVITY RURAL WATER RURAL WATER SUPPLY RURAL WOMEN SANITATION SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SECONDARY SCHOOL SEX SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL NORMS SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER SPILLOVER SPOUSE TEENAGE GIRLS TRANSPORTATION WALKING WATER COLLECTION WATER INFRASTRUCTURE WATER QUALITY WATER RESOURCES WATER SHORTAGES WATER SOURCE WATER SOURCES WATER USE WELLS WOMAN WORKERS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG CHILDREN
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100510114112 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3789

id	okr-10986-3789
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-37892021-04-23T14:02:12Z Access to Water, Women’s Work and Child Outcomes Koolwal, Gayatri van de Walle, Dominique ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO MARKETS ADEQUATE EDUCATION AGED AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVE APPROACH ANTENATAL CARE BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS CHILD CARE CHILD HEALTH CHILD LABOR CHILD MORTALITY CHILD NUTRITION CHILD REARING CHILD WELFARE CHILDBEARING COMMUNITY MEMBERS CONSTRUCTION CULTURAL CHANGE DECISION MAKING DECISION MAKING PROCESSES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISABILITY DISEASES DOMESTIC WORKLOAD DRINKING WATER DRINKING WATER SUPPLY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES EMPOWERING WOMEN FAMILIES FEMALE LABOR FORCE FERTILITY FIRST MARRIAGE FOOD SECURITY FRESHWATER AVAILABILITY GAP BETWEEN GIRLS GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER GAPS GLOBAL WATER CRISIS GREEN REVOLUTION GROUNDWATER HEALTH CARE HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INDICATORS HEALTH OUTCOMES HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ILLNESS IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INFANT INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LAND OWNERSHIP LAUNDRY LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARITAL STATUS MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MOTHER NATURAL RESOURCE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OLDER WOMEN PIPED WATER POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION DENSITY PRICE OF WATER PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLS PROGRESS REMITTANCES RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL POPULATION RURAL PRODUCTIVITY RURAL WATER RURAL WATER SUPPLY RURAL WOMEN SANITATION SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SECONDARY SCHOOL SEX SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL NORMS SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER SPILLOVER SPOUSE TEENAGE GIRLS TRANSPORTATION WALKING WATER COLLECTION WATER INFRASTRUCTURE WATER QUALITY WATER RESOURCES WATER SHORTAGES WATER SOURCE WATER SOURCES WATER USE WELLS WOMAN WORKERS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG CHILDREN Poor rural women in the developing world spend considerable time collecting water. How then do they respond to improved access to water infrastructure? Does it increase their participation in income earning market-based activities? Does it improve the health and education outcomes of their children? To help address these questions, a new approach for dealing with the endogeneity of infrastructure placement in cross-sectional surveys is proposed and implemented using data for nine developing countries. The paper does not find that access to water comes with greater off-farm work for women, although in countries where substantial gender gaps in schooling exist, both boys' and girls' enrollments improve with better access to water. There are also some signs of impacts on child health as measured by anthropometric z-scores. 2012-03-19T18:39:49Z 2012-03-19T18:39:49Z 2010-05-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100510114112 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3789 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5302 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research The World Region The World Region
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO MARKETS ADEQUATE EDUCATION AGED AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVE APPROACH ANTENATAL CARE BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS CHILD CARE CHILD HEALTH CHILD LABOR CHILD MORTALITY CHILD NUTRITION CHILD REARING CHILD WELFARE CHILDBEARING COMMUNITY MEMBERS CONSTRUCTION CULTURAL CHANGE DECISION MAKING DECISION MAKING PROCESSES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISABILITY DISEASES DOMESTIC WORKLOAD DRINKING WATER DRINKING WATER SUPPLY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES EMPOWERING WOMEN FAMILIES FEMALE LABOR FORCE FERTILITY FIRST MARRIAGE FOOD SECURITY FRESHWATER AVAILABILITY GAP BETWEEN GIRLS GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER GAPS GLOBAL WATER CRISIS GREEN REVOLUTION GROUNDWATER HEALTH CARE HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INDICATORS HEALTH OUTCOMES HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ILLNESS IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INFANT INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LAND OWNERSHIP LAUNDRY LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARITAL STATUS MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MOTHER NATURAL RESOURCE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OLDER WOMEN PIPED WATER POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION DENSITY PRICE OF WATER PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLS PROGRESS REMITTANCES RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL POPULATION RURAL PRODUCTIVITY RURAL WATER RURAL WATER SUPPLY RURAL WOMEN SANITATION SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SECONDARY SCHOOL SEX SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL NORMS SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER SPILLOVER SPOUSE TEENAGE GIRLS TRANSPORTATION WALKING WATER COLLECTION WATER INFRASTRUCTURE WATER QUALITY WATER RESOURCES WATER SHORTAGES WATER SOURCE WATER SOURCES WATER USE WELLS WOMAN WORKERS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG CHILDREN
spellingShingle	ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO MARKETS ADEQUATE EDUCATION AGED AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVE APPROACH ANTENATAL CARE BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS CHILD CARE CHILD HEALTH CHILD LABOR CHILD MORTALITY CHILD NUTRITION CHILD REARING CHILD WELFARE CHILDBEARING COMMUNITY MEMBERS CONSTRUCTION CULTURAL CHANGE DECISION MAKING DECISION MAKING PROCESSES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISABILITY DISEASES DOMESTIC WORKLOAD DRINKING WATER DRINKING WATER SUPPLY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES EMPOWERING WOMEN FAMILIES FEMALE LABOR FORCE FERTILITY FIRST MARRIAGE FOOD SECURITY FRESHWATER AVAILABILITY GAP BETWEEN GIRLS GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER GAPS GLOBAL WATER CRISIS GREEN REVOLUTION GROUNDWATER HEALTH CARE HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INDICATORS HEALTH OUTCOMES HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ILLNESS IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INFANT INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LAND OWNERSHIP LAUNDRY LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARITAL STATUS MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MOTHER NATURAL RESOURCE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OLDER WOMEN PIPED WATER POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION DENSITY PRICE OF WATER PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLS PROGRESS REMITTANCES RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL POPULATION RURAL PRODUCTIVITY RURAL WATER RURAL WATER SUPPLY RURAL WOMEN SANITATION SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SECONDARY SCHOOL SEX SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL NORMS SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER SPILLOVER SPOUSE TEENAGE GIRLS TRANSPORTATION WALKING WATER COLLECTION WATER INFRASTRUCTURE WATER QUALITY WATER RESOURCES WATER SHORTAGES WATER SOURCE WATER SOURCES WATER USE WELLS WOMAN WORKERS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG CHILDREN Koolwal, Gayatri van de Walle, Dominique Access to Water, Women’s Work and Child Outcomes
geographic_facet	The World Region The World Region
relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5302
description	Poor rural women in the developing world spend considerable time collecting water. How then do they respond to improved access to water infrastructure? Does it increase their participation in income earning market-based activities? Does it improve the health and education outcomes of their children? To help address these questions, a new approach for dealing with the endogeneity of infrastructure placement in cross-sectional surveys is proposed and implemented using data for nine developing countries. The paper does not find that access to water comes with greater off-farm work for women, although in countries where substantial gender gaps in schooling exist, both boys' and girls' enrollments improve with better access to water. There are also some signs of impacts on child health as measured by anthropometric z-scores.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Koolwal, Gayatri van de Walle, Dominique
author_facet	Koolwal, Gayatri van de Walle, Dominique
author_sort	Koolwal, Gayatri
title	Access to Water, Women’s Work and Child Outcomes
title_short	Access to Water, Women’s Work and Child Outcomes
title_full	Access to Water, Women’s Work and Child Outcomes
title_fullStr	Access to Water, Women’s Work and Child Outcomes
title_full_unstemmed	Access to Water, Women’s Work and Child Outcomes
title_sort	access to water, women’s work and child outcomes
publishDate	2012
url	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100510114112 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3789
_version_	1764388361185787904

Access to Water, Women’s Work and Child Outcomes

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