Energy Poverty in Rural and Urban India : Are the Energy Poor Also Income Poor?

Energy poverty is a frequently used term among energy specialists, but unfortunately the concept is rather loosely defined. Several existing approaches measure energy poverty by defining an energy poverty line as the minimum quantity of physical en...

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Main Authors:	Khandker, Shahidur R., Barnes, Douglas F., Samad, Hussain A.
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO LIGHTING ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE AIR CONDITIONERS AIR POLLUTION ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY APPROACH ATMOSPHERE AVAILABILITY BASIC ENERGY BIOMASS BIOMASS BURNING BIOMASS COLLECTION BIOMASS CONSUMPTION BIOMASS ENERGY BIOMASS FUELS BIOMASS USE CARBON CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS COMMERCIAL FUELS CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY COOKING CROP RESIDUES DEMAND FOR ENERGY DEMAND FOR ENERGY SERVICES ECONOMIC GROWTH EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY USE ELECTRIC APPLIANCES ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY SYSTEM ELECTRICITY USE EMISSIONS EMPLOYMENT END USE END-USE END-USE ENERGY END-USE ENERGY CONSUMPTION END-USE SERVICES ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EXPENDITURE ENERGY EXPENDITURES ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY OUTLOOK ENERGY POLICIES ENERGY PRICE ENERGY PRICES ENERGY PROVIDERS ENERGY REQUIREMENT ENERGY REQUIREMENTS ENERGY SOURCE ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY STRATEGY ENERGY USAGE ENERGY USE ENERGY USE PATTERN ENERGY USERS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY FOOD ITEMS FOOD-FOR-WORK FUEL FUEL TYPE FUEL WOOD FUELS GENERATION GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES GRID ELECTRICITY HEALTH HAZARD HEAT HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEAD AGE HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPACT ON ENERGY DEMAND INCOME INCOME POVERTY INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY KEROSENE KEROSENE CONSUMPTION KEROSENE LAMPS KEROSENE WICK LAND ASSETS LIQUID FUELS LIVING STANDARDS MODERN FUELS OIL OIL EQUIVALENT POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR POPULATIONS POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY INDEX POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY PROFILE POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY SITUATION POVERTY STATUS POWER PRICE OF ELECTRICITY PRICES OF ENERGY QUALITY ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COUNTERPARTS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL ELECTRIFICATION RURAL ENERGY RURAL HEALTH RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL INCOME RURAL POOR RURAL VILLAGES SAVINGS SOCIAL POLICIES SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION TRADITIONAL BIOMASS TRADITIONAL FUELS TYPES OF ENERGY WELFARE INDICATORS WORLD ENERGY WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20101101152446 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3944

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spelling	okr-10986-39442021-04-23T14:02:13Z Energy Poverty in Rural and Urban India : Are the Energy Poor Also Income Poor? Khandker, Shahidur R. Barnes, Douglas F. Samad, Hussain A. ACCESS TO LIGHTING ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE AIR CONDITIONERS AIR POLLUTION ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY APPROACH ATMOSPHERE AVAILABILITY BASIC ENERGY BIOMASS BIOMASS BURNING BIOMASS COLLECTION BIOMASS CONSUMPTION BIOMASS ENERGY BIOMASS FUELS BIOMASS USE CARBON CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS COMMERCIAL FUELS CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY COOKING CROP RESIDUES DEMAND FOR ENERGY DEMAND FOR ENERGY SERVICES ECONOMIC GROWTH EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY USE ELECTRIC APPLIANCES ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY SYSTEM ELECTRICITY USE EMISSIONS EMPLOYMENT END USE END-USE END-USE ENERGY END-USE ENERGY CONSUMPTION END-USE SERVICES ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EXPENDITURE ENERGY EXPENDITURES ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY OUTLOOK ENERGY POLICIES ENERGY PRICE ENERGY PRICES ENERGY PROVIDERS ENERGY REQUIREMENT ENERGY REQUIREMENTS ENERGY SOURCE ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY STRATEGY ENERGY USAGE ENERGY USE ENERGY USE PATTERN ENERGY USERS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY FOOD ITEMS FOOD-FOR-WORK FUEL FUEL TYPE FUEL WOOD FUELS GENERATION GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES GRID ELECTRICITY HEALTH HAZARD HEAT HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEAD AGE HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPACT ON ENERGY DEMAND INCOME INCOME POVERTY INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY KEROSENE KEROSENE CONSUMPTION KEROSENE LAMPS KEROSENE WICK LAND ASSETS LIQUID FUELS LIVING STANDARDS MODERN FUELS OIL OIL EQUIVALENT POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR POPULATIONS POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY INDEX POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY PROFILE POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY SITUATION POVERTY STATUS POWER PRICE OF ELECTRICITY PRICES OF ENERGY QUALITY ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COUNTERPARTS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL ELECTRIFICATION RURAL ENERGY RURAL HEALTH RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL INCOME RURAL POOR RURAL VILLAGES SAVINGS SOCIAL POLICIES SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION TRADITIONAL BIOMASS TRADITIONAL FUELS TYPES OF ENERGY WELFARE INDICATORS WORLD ENERGY WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK Energy poverty is a frequently used term among energy specialists, but unfortunately the concept is rather loosely defined. Several existing approaches measure energy poverty by defining an energy poverty line as the minimum quantity of physical energy needed to perform such basic tasks as cooking and lighting. This paper proposes an alternative measure that is based on energy demand. The energy poverty line is defined as the threshold point at which energy consumption begins to rise with increases in household income. This approach was applied to cross-sectional data from a comprehensive 2005 household survey representative of both urban and rural India. The findings suggest that in rural areas some 57 percent of households are energy poor, versus 22 percent that are income poor. For urban areas the energy poverty rate is 28 percent compared with 20 percent that are income poor. Policies to reduce energy poverty would include support for rural electrification, the promotion of more modern cooking fuels, and encouraging greater adoption of improved biomass stoves. A combination of these programs would play a significant role in reducing energy poverty in rural India. 2012-03-19T18:42:36Z 2012-03-19T18:42:36Z 2010-11-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20101101152446 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3944 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5463 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper South Asia South Asia South Asia Asia India
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ACCESS TO LIGHTING ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE AIR CONDITIONERS AIR POLLUTION ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY APPROACH ATMOSPHERE AVAILABILITY BASIC ENERGY BIOMASS BIOMASS BURNING BIOMASS COLLECTION BIOMASS CONSUMPTION BIOMASS ENERGY BIOMASS FUELS BIOMASS USE CARBON CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS COMMERCIAL FUELS CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY COOKING CROP RESIDUES DEMAND FOR ENERGY DEMAND FOR ENERGY SERVICES ECONOMIC GROWTH EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY USE ELECTRIC APPLIANCES ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY SYSTEM ELECTRICITY USE EMISSIONS EMPLOYMENT END USE END-USE END-USE ENERGY END-USE ENERGY CONSUMPTION END-USE SERVICES ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EXPENDITURE ENERGY EXPENDITURES ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY OUTLOOK ENERGY POLICIES ENERGY PRICE ENERGY PRICES ENERGY PROVIDERS ENERGY REQUIREMENT ENERGY REQUIREMENTS ENERGY SOURCE ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY STRATEGY ENERGY USAGE ENERGY USE ENERGY USE PATTERN ENERGY USERS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY FOOD ITEMS FOOD-FOR-WORK FUEL FUEL TYPE FUEL WOOD FUELS GENERATION GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES GRID ELECTRICITY HEALTH HAZARD HEAT HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEAD AGE HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPACT ON ENERGY DEMAND INCOME INCOME POVERTY INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY KEROSENE KEROSENE CONSUMPTION KEROSENE LAMPS KEROSENE WICK LAND ASSETS LIQUID FUELS LIVING STANDARDS MODERN FUELS OIL OIL EQUIVALENT POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR POPULATIONS POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY INDEX POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY PROFILE POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY SITUATION POVERTY STATUS POWER PRICE OF ELECTRICITY PRICES OF ENERGY QUALITY ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COUNTERPARTS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL ELECTRIFICATION RURAL ENERGY RURAL HEALTH RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL INCOME RURAL POOR RURAL VILLAGES SAVINGS SOCIAL POLICIES SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION TRADITIONAL BIOMASS TRADITIONAL FUELS TYPES OF ENERGY WELFARE INDICATORS WORLD ENERGY WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK
spellingShingle	ACCESS TO LIGHTING ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE AIR CONDITIONERS AIR POLLUTION ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY APPROACH ATMOSPHERE AVAILABILITY BASIC ENERGY BIOMASS BIOMASS BURNING BIOMASS COLLECTION BIOMASS CONSUMPTION BIOMASS ENERGY BIOMASS FUELS BIOMASS USE CARBON CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS COMMERCIAL FUELS CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY COOKING CROP RESIDUES DEMAND FOR ENERGY DEMAND FOR ENERGY SERVICES ECONOMIC GROWTH EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY USE ELECTRIC APPLIANCES ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY SYSTEM ELECTRICITY USE EMISSIONS EMPLOYMENT END USE END-USE END-USE ENERGY END-USE ENERGY CONSUMPTION END-USE SERVICES ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EXPENDITURE ENERGY EXPENDITURES ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY OUTLOOK ENERGY POLICIES ENERGY PRICE ENERGY PRICES ENERGY PROVIDERS ENERGY REQUIREMENT ENERGY REQUIREMENTS ENERGY SOURCE ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY STRATEGY ENERGY USAGE ENERGY USE ENERGY USE PATTERN ENERGY USERS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY FOOD ITEMS FOOD-FOR-WORK FUEL FUEL TYPE FUEL WOOD FUELS GENERATION GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES GRID ELECTRICITY HEALTH HAZARD HEAT HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEAD AGE HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPACT ON ENERGY DEMAND INCOME INCOME POVERTY INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY KEROSENE KEROSENE CONSUMPTION KEROSENE LAMPS KEROSENE WICK LAND ASSETS LIQUID FUELS LIVING STANDARDS MODERN FUELS OIL OIL EQUIVALENT POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR POPULATIONS POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY INDEX POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY PROFILE POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY SITUATION POVERTY STATUS POWER PRICE OF ELECTRICITY PRICES OF ENERGY QUALITY ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COUNTERPARTS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL ELECTRIFICATION RURAL ENERGY RURAL HEALTH RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL INCOME RURAL POOR RURAL VILLAGES SAVINGS SOCIAL POLICIES SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION TRADITIONAL BIOMASS TRADITIONAL FUELS TYPES OF ENERGY WELFARE INDICATORS WORLD ENERGY WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK Khandker, Shahidur R. Barnes, Douglas F. Samad, Hussain A. Energy Poverty in Rural and Urban India : Are the Energy Poor Also Income Poor?
geographic_facet	South Asia South Asia South Asia Asia India
relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5463
description	Energy poverty is a frequently used term among energy specialists, but unfortunately the concept is rather loosely defined. Several existing approaches measure energy poverty by defining an energy poverty line as the minimum quantity of physical energy needed to perform such basic tasks as cooking and lighting. This paper proposes an alternative measure that is based on energy demand. The energy poverty line is defined as the threshold point at which energy consumption begins to rise with increases in household income. This approach was applied to cross-sectional data from a comprehensive 2005 household survey representative of both urban and rural India. The findings suggest that in rural areas some 57 percent of households are energy poor, versus 22 percent that are income poor. For urban areas the energy poverty rate is 28 percent compared with 20 percent that are income poor. Policies to reduce energy poverty would include support for rural electrification, the promotion of more modern cooking fuels, and encouraging greater adoption of improved biomass stoves. A combination of these programs would play a significant role in reducing energy poverty in rural India.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Khandker, Shahidur R. Barnes, Douglas F. Samad, Hussain A.
author_facet	Khandker, Shahidur R. Barnes, Douglas F. Samad, Hussain A.
author_sort	Khandker, Shahidur R.
title	Energy Poverty in Rural and Urban India : Are the Energy Poor Also Income Poor?
title_short	Energy Poverty in Rural and Urban India : Are the Energy Poor Also Income Poor?
title_full	Energy Poverty in Rural and Urban India : Are the Energy Poor Also Income Poor?
title_fullStr	Energy Poverty in Rural and Urban India : Are the Energy Poor Also Income Poor?
title_full_unstemmed	Energy Poverty in Rural and Urban India : Are the Energy Poor Also Income Poor?
title_sort	energy poverty in rural and urban india : are the energy poor also income poor?
publishDate	2012
url	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20101101152446 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3944
_version_	1764389142844669952

Energy Poverty in Rural and Urban India : Are the Energy Poor Also Income Poor?

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