The Microeconomic Determinants of Emigration and Return Migration of the Best and Brightest : Evidence from the Pacific
A unique survey which tracks worldwide the best and brightest academic performers from three Pacific countries is used to assess the extent of emigration and return migration among the very highly skilled, and to analyze, at the microeconomic level...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090617101215 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4159 |
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okr-10986-4159 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACADEMIC OCCUPATIONS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE ACADEMIC RESEARCH ACADEMIC SUBJECTS ACCOUNTING ADDITIONAL INCOME APPLIED SCIENCES BENEFITS OF MIGRATION BOND BRAIN DRAIN CAREER CAREER ADVANCEMENT CAREER OPPORTUNITIES CAREER PROSPECTS CAREERS CITIZEN CITIZENSHIP CIVIL SERVICE COLLEGES COMPUTER SCIENCE CONSULTING FIRMS COUNTRY OF ORIGIN DEGREE PROGRAMS DEMOCRACY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCOUNT RATES EARNINGS ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS EDUCATED ADULTS EDUCATION ATTAINMENT EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES ELEMENTS EMIGRANTS EMIGRATION EMIGRATION LEVELS EMPLOYMENT EXAM EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXTENSION CENTER FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE SCHOLARS FINANCIAL COSTS FOREIGN LANGUAGES FOREIGNERS GENETIC ENGINEERING GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS GRADUATE DEGREES GRADUATE PROGRAMS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HIGH SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOLS HIGHER EDUCATION HIGHLY SKILLED INDIVIDUALS HOME COUNTRIES HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN MIGRATION IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION INCOME INCOME LEVEL INCOME TAXES INCOMES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW INVESTMENT DECISION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIFESTYLES LIFETIME LITERATURE LOCAL COMMUNITY MALARIA MASTERS DEGREES MATHEMATICS MATHS MEDICAL DOCTORS MEDICAL SCHOOL MIGRANT MIGRANTS MIGRATION PATTERNS MIGRATION RATES MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MOTHER NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS NATURAL RESOURCES NURSES NURSING SCHOOLS OLDER AGE GROUPS OLDER INDIVIDUALS PAPERS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION ESTIMATES POPULATION SIZE POTENTIAL MIGRANTS PRESS RELEASE PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENTS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROBABILITIES PROGRESS PUBLIC SERVICES PULL FACTORS PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY QUESTIONNAIRE RADIO RATE OF MIGRATION REMITTANCES RESEARCH ASSISTANCE RESEARCH FUNDING RESPECT RETURN MIGRATION RETURNEES RISK AVERSION RISK SCORE SALARIES SALARY SCHOLARS SCHOLARSHIP SCHOLARSHIPS SCHOOLS SCIENTIFIC LABORATORIES SCIENTISTS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLMENTS SECONDARY SCHOOL SUBJECTS SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS SECONDARY SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOLS SECONDARY STUDENTS SENIOR SEX SKILL LEVEL SKILL LEVELS SKILLED MIGRANTS SKILLED OCCUPATIONS SKILLED PROFESSIONALS SOCIAL FACTORS SPOUSE STUDENT DEBT SUBJECTS TAX RATES TEACHER TEACHERS TEACHING TELEVISION TELEVISION ADVERTISEMENTS TERTIARY EDUCATION TERTIARY EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES TERTIARY INSTITUTION TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS TERTIARY LEVEL TERTIARY SECTOR UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION UNIVERSAL EDUCATION UNIVERSITIES WAGE WAGES WORK EXPERIENCE WORKERS YOUNG AGE YOUNGER COHORTS |
| spellingShingle |
ACADEMIC OCCUPATIONS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE ACADEMIC RESEARCH ACADEMIC SUBJECTS ACCOUNTING ADDITIONAL INCOME APPLIED SCIENCES BENEFITS OF MIGRATION BOND BRAIN DRAIN CAREER CAREER ADVANCEMENT CAREER OPPORTUNITIES CAREER PROSPECTS CAREERS CITIZEN CITIZENSHIP CIVIL SERVICE COLLEGES COMPUTER SCIENCE CONSULTING FIRMS COUNTRY OF ORIGIN DEGREE PROGRAMS DEMOCRACY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCOUNT RATES EARNINGS ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS EDUCATED ADULTS EDUCATION ATTAINMENT EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES ELEMENTS EMIGRANTS EMIGRATION EMIGRATION LEVELS EMPLOYMENT EXAM EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXTENSION CENTER FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE SCHOLARS FINANCIAL COSTS FOREIGN LANGUAGES FOREIGNERS GENETIC ENGINEERING GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS GRADUATE DEGREES GRADUATE PROGRAMS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HIGH SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOLS HIGHER EDUCATION HIGHLY SKILLED INDIVIDUALS HOME COUNTRIES HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN MIGRATION IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION INCOME INCOME LEVEL INCOME TAXES INCOMES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW INVESTMENT DECISION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIFESTYLES LIFETIME LITERATURE LOCAL COMMUNITY MALARIA MASTERS DEGREES MATHEMATICS MATHS MEDICAL DOCTORS MEDICAL SCHOOL MIGRANT MIGRANTS MIGRATION PATTERNS MIGRATION RATES MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MOTHER NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS NATURAL RESOURCES NURSES NURSING SCHOOLS OLDER AGE GROUPS OLDER INDIVIDUALS PAPERS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION ESTIMATES POPULATION SIZE POTENTIAL MIGRANTS PRESS RELEASE PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENTS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROBABILITIES PROGRESS PUBLIC SERVICES PULL FACTORS PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY QUESTIONNAIRE RADIO RATE OF MIGRATION REMITTANCES RESEARCH ASSISTANCE RESEARCH FUNDING RESPECT RETURN MIGRATION RETURNEES RISK AVERSION RISK SCORE SALARIES SALARY SCHOLARS SCHOLARSHIP SCHOLARSHIPS SCHOOLS SCIENTIFIC LABORATORIES SCIENTISTS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLMENTS SECONDARY SCHOOL SUBJECTS SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS SECONDARY SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOLS SECONDARY STUDENTS SENIOR SEX SKILL LEVEL SKILL LEVELS SKILLED MIGRANTS SKILLED OCCUPATIONS SKILLED PROFESSIONALS SOCIAL FACTORS SPOUSE STUDENT DEBT SUBJECTS TAX RATES TEACHER TEACHERS TEACHING TELEVISION TELEVISION ADVERTISEMENTS TERTIARY EDUCATION TERTIARY EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES TERTIARY INSTITUTION TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS TERTIARY LEVEL TERTIARY SECTOR UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION UNIVERSAL EDUCATION UNIVERSITIES WAGE WAGES WORK EXPERIENCE WORKERS YOUNG AGE YOUNGER COHORTS Gibson, John McKenzie, David The Microeconomic Determinants of Emigration and Return Migration of the Best and Brightest : Evidence from the Pacific |
| geographic_facet |
The World Region The World Region East Asia and Pacific East Asia and Pacific |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 4965 |
| description |
A unique survey which tracks worldwide
the best and brightest academic performers from three
Pacific countries is used to assess the extent of emigration
and return migration among the very highly skilled, and to
analyze, at the microeconomic level, the determinants of
these migration choices. Although the estimates indicate
that the income gains from migration are very large, not
everyone migrates and many return. Within this group of
highly skilled individuals, the emigration decision is found
to be most strongly associated with preference variables
such as risk aversion, patience, and choice of subjects in
secondary school, and not strongly linked to either
liquidity constraints or the gain in income to be had from
migrating. Likewise, the decision to return is strongly
linked to family and lifestyle reasons, rather than to the
income opportunities in different countries. Overall the
data show a relatively limited role for income maximization
in distinguishing migration propensities among the very
highly skilled, and point to the need to pay more attention
to other components of the utility maximization decision. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Gibson, John McKenzie, David |
| author_facet |
Gibson, John McKenzie, David |
| author_sort |
Gibson, John |
| title |
The Microeconomic Determinants of Emigration and Return Migration of the Best and Brightest : Evidence from the Pacific |
| title_short |
The Microeconomic Determinants of Emigration and Return Migration of the Best and Brightest : Evidence from the Pacific |
| title_full |
The Microeconomic Determinants of Emigration and Return Migration of the Best and Brightest : Evidence from the Pacific |
| title_fullStr |
The Microeconomic Determinants of Emigration and Return Migration of the Best and Brightest : Evidence from the Pacific |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Microeconomic Determinants of Emigration and Return Migration of the Best and Brightest : Evidence from the Pacific |
| title_sort |
microeconomic determinants of emigration and return migration of the best and brightest : evidence from the pacific |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090617101215 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4159 |
| _version_ |
1764390197552742400 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-41592021-04-23T14:02:15Z The Microeconomic Determinants of Emigration and Return Migration of the Best and Brightest : Evidence from the Pacific Gibson, John McKenzie, David ACADEMIC OCCUPATIONS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE ACADEMIC RESEARCH ACADEMIC SUBJECTS ACCOUNTING ADDITIONAL INCOME APPLIED SCIENCES BENEFITS OF MIGRATION BOND BRAIN DRAIN CAREER CAREER ADVANCEMENT CAREER OPPORTUNITIES CAREER PROSPECTS CAREERS CITIZEN CITIZENSHIP CIVIL SERVICE COLLEGES COMPUTER SCIENCE CONSULTING FIRMS COUNTRY OF ORIGIN DEGREE PROGRAMS DEMOCRACY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCOUNT RATES EARNINGS ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS EDUCATED ADULTS EDUCATION ATTAINMENT EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES ELEMENTS EMIGRANTS EMIGRATION EMIGRATION LEVELS EMPLOYMENT EXAM EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXTENSION CENTER FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE SCHOLARS FINANCIAL COSTS FOREIGN LANGUAGES FOREIGNERS GENETIC ENGINEERING GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS GRADUATE DEGREES GRADUATE PROGRAMS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HIGH SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOLS HIGHER EDUCATION HIGHLY SKILLED INDIVIDUALS HOME COUNTRIES HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN MIGRATION IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION INCOME INCOME LEVEL INCOME TAXES INCOMES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW INVESTMENT DECISION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIFESTYLES LIFETIME LITERATURE LOCAL COMMUNITY MALARIA MASTERS DEGREES MATHEMATICS MATHS MEDICAL DOCTORS MEDICAL SCHOOL MIGRANT MIGRANTS MIGRATION PATTERNS MIGRATION RATES MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MOTHER NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS NATURAL RESOURCES NURSES NURSING SCHOOLS OLDER AGE GROUPS OLDER INDIVIDUALS PAPERS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION ESTIMATES POPULATION SIZE POTENTIAL MIGRANTS PRESS RELEASE PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENTS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROBABILITIES PROGRESS PUBLIC SERVICES PULL FACTORS PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY QUESTIONNAIRE RADIO RATE OF MIGRATION REMITTANCES RESEARCH ASSISTANCE RESEARCH FUNDING RESPECT RETURN MIGRATION RETURNEES RISK AVERSION RISK SCORE SALARIES SALARY SCHOLARS SCHOLARSHIP SCHOLARSHIPS SCHOOLS SCIENTIFIC LABORATORIES SCIENTISTS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLMENTS SECONDARY SCHOOL SUBJECTS SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS SECONDARY SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOLS SECONDARY STUDENTS SENIOR SEX SKILL LEVEL SKILL LEVELS SKILLED MIGRANTS SKILLED OCCUPATIONS SKILLED PROFESSIONALS SOCIAL FACTORS SPOUSE STUDENT DEBT SUBJECTS TAX RATES TEACHER TEACHERS TEACHING TELEVISION TELEVISION ADVERTISEMENTS TERTIARY EDUCATION TERTIARY EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES TERTIARY INSTITUTION TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS TERTIARY LEVEL TERTIARY SECTOR UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION UNIVERSAL EDUCATION UNIVERSITIES WAGE WAGES WORK EXPERIENCE WORKERS YOUNG AGE YOUNGER COHORTS A unique survey which tracks worldwide the best and brightest academic performers from three Pacific countries is used to assess the extent of emigration and return migration among the very highly skilled, and to analyze, at the microeconomic level, the determinants of these migration choices. Although the estimates indicate that the income gains from migration are very large, not everyone migrates and many return. Within this group of highly skilled individuals, the emigration decision is found to be most strongly associated with preference variables such as risk aversion, patience, and choice of subjects in secondary school, and not strongly linked to either liquidity constraints or the gain in income to be had from migrating. Likewise, the decision to return is strongly linked to family and lifestyle reasons, rather than to the income opportunities in different countries. Overall the data show a relatively limited role for income maximization in distinguishing migration propensities among the very highly skilled, and point to the need to pay more attention to other components of the utility maximization decision. 2012-03-19T19:10:58Z 2012-03-19T19:10:58Z 2009-06-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090617101215 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4159 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 4965 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper The World Region The World Region East Asia and Pacific East Asia and Pacific |