An Analysis of Various Policy Instruments to Reduce Congestion, Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Beijing
Using a nested multinomial logit model of car ownership and personal travel in Beijing circa 2005, this paper compares the effectiveness of different policy instruments to reduce traffic congestion and CO2 emissions. The study shows that a congesti...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091006110044 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4259 |
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okr-10986-4259 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACCELERATION AGGREGATE EMISSIONS AGGREGATES AIR AIR QUALITY AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ANTI-SPRAWL AUTO OWNERSHIP AUTOMOBILE AUTOMOBILES AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY AVERAGE SPEED AVERAGE SPEEDS AVERAGE TRIP LENGTH BICYCLING BUS BUS RIDE BUSES CALIBRATION CAR CAR FUEL CAR MODES CAR OCCUPANCY CAR OWNERS CAR OWNERSHIP CAR TRAFFIC CAR TRAVEL CAR TRIP CAR TRIPS CAR USE CAR USERS CARBON EMISSIONS CARRYING CAPACITIES CARRYING CAPACITY CARS CENTRAL CITIES CHOICE OF MODE CLEAN AIR CLEAN AIR INITIATIVE CLEAN ENERGY CLIMATE CHANGE COMMUTING CONGESTION CONGESTION CHARGING CONGESTION CHARGING SCHEME CONGESTION DELAY CONGESTION EXTERNALITY CONGESTION TOLLS CONSTRUCTION COST OF CAR OWNERSHIP COST OF TRAVEL COST PER TRIP COSTS PER TRIP DAILY TRAFFIC DEMANDS FOR TRAVEL DISCRETIONARY TRAVEL DISCRETIONARY TRIPS DISPOSABLE INCOME DRIVING ECONOMIES OF SCALE EFFICIENT VEHICLES ELASTICITIES ELASTICITIES OF DEMAND ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF TRAVEL ELECTRIC CARS EMISSION EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS ENERGY EFFICIENCY EQUATIONS EXCESS FUEL CONSUMPTION EXTERNALITIES FLOOR SPACE FUEL FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL COST FUEL COST SAVINGS FUEL EFFICIENCY FUEL EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT FUEL PRICE FUEL TAX FUEL TAX INCREASES FUEL TAX RATE FUEL USE GAS GAS CONSUMPTION GAS TAX GASOLINE GASOLINE CONSUMPTION GASOLINE TAX GREENHOUSE GASES HIGH SPEEDS IMPACT OF CONGESTION LABOR MARKET LABOR MOBILITY LAND USE LOCAL AIR POLLUTION LONGER DISTANCES LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS MOBILITY MODE OF TRAVEL MODES OF TRAVEL NESTED LOGIT MODEL NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE PASSENGER PASSENGER TRAVEL PASSENGERS PERSON-TRIPS PERSONAL TRAVEL POPULATION DENSITY PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE OF FUEL PRIVATE VEHICLE PRIVATE VEHICLE OWNERSHIP PUBLIC ROADS PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSPORT PURCHASES RAIL RAIL MASS TRANSIT RAIL TRANSIT RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS REMOTE ROAD ROAD CAPACITY ROAD CONGESTION ROAD NETWORK ROAD SPEED ROAD TOLL ROAD TRAFFIC ROAD TRANSPORT ROUND TRIP SALES TAX RATE SHARING SPRAWL SPRAWL POLICIES SPREADING SQUARE STREAM SUBURBS SUBWAY SULFUR SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT SYMBOLS TAX REVENUE THREE-STAGE TOLL TOLL INCREASE TOLL INCREASES TOWNS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC CONGESTION TRAFFIC DEMAND TRAFFIC EXTERNALITIES TRAFFIC FLOWS TRAFFIC SPEED TRAFFIC VOLUME TRANSIT CAPACITY TRANSIT TRIPS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORT SECTOR EMISSIONS TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH TRAVEL BY CAR TRAVEL COSTS TRAVEL DEMAND TRAVEL DISTANCE TRAVEL MODE TRAVEL MODES TRAVEL SPEED TRAVEL TIME TRAVEL TIMES TRAVELERS TRIP TRIP BY CAR TRIP DISTANCE TRIP MAKING TRIP TIME TRIPS TRIPS BY CAR TRIPS BY MODE TRIPS PER DAY TRUCK TRAFFIC TRUCKS TRUST FUND UPPER URBAN AREAS URBAN TRANSPORTATION URBANIZATION VALUE OF TIME VEHICLE EFFICIENCY VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE FUEL VEHICLE FUEL EFFICIENCY VEHICLE KILOMETERS VEHICLE SPEED VEHICLE TRIP VEHICLE-KILOMETERS VEHICLES VOLUME OF TRAFFIC WALKING WORK TRAVEL WORK TRIP WORK TRIPS |
| spellingShingle |
ACCELERATION AGGREGATE EMISSIONS AGGREGATES AIR AIR QUALITY AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ANTI-SPRAWL AUTO OWNERSHIP AUTOMOBILE AUTOMOBILES AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY AVERAGE SPEED AVERAGE SPEEDS AVERAGE TRIP LENGTH BICYCLING BUS BUS RIDE BUSES CALIBRATION CAR CAR FUEL CAR MODES CAR OCCUPANCY CAR OWNERS CAR OWNERSHIP CAR TRAFFIC CAR TRAVEL CAR TRIP CAR TRIPS CAR USE CAR USERS CARBON EMISSIONS CARRYING CAPACITIES CARRYING CAPACITY CARS CENTRAL CITIES CHOICE OF MODE CLEAN AIR CLEAN AIR INITIATIVE CLEAN ENERGY CLIMATE CHANGE COMMUTING CONGESTION CONGESTION CHARGING CONGESTION CHARGING SCHEME CONGESTION DELAY CONGESTION EXTERNALITY CONGESTION TOLLS CONSTRUCTION COST OF CAR OWNERSHIP COST OF TRAVEL COST PER TRIP COSTS PER TRIP DAILY TRAFFIC DEMANDS FOR TRAVEL DISCRETIONARY TRAVEL DISCRETIONARY TRIPS DISPOSABLE INCOME DRIVING ECONOMIES OF SCALE EFFICIENT VEHICLES ELASTICITIES ELASTICITIES OF DEMAND ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF TRAVEL ELECTRIC CARS EMISSION EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS ENERGY EFFICIENCY EQUATIONS EXCESS FUEL CONSUMPTION EXTERNALITIES FLOOR SPACE FUEL FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL COST FUEL COST SAVINGS FUEL EFFICIENCY FUEL EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT FUEL PRICE FUEL TAX FUEL TAX INCREASES FUEL TAX RATE FUEL USE GAS GAS CONSUMPTION GAS TAX GASOLINE GASOLINE CONSUMPTION GASOLINE TAX GREENHOUSE GASES HIGH SPEEDS IMPACT OF CONGESTION LABOR MARKET LABOR MOBILITY LAND USE LOCAL AIR POLLUTION LONGER DISTANCES LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS MOBILITY MODE OF TRAVEL MODES OF TRAVEL NESTED LOGIT MODEL NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE PASSENGER PASSENGER TRAVEL PASSENGERS PERSON-TRIPS PERSONAL TRAVEL POPULATION DENSITY PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE OF FUEL PRIVATE VEHICLE PRIVATE VEHICLE OWNERSHIP PUBLIC ROADS PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSPORT PURCHASES RAIL RAIL MASS TRANSIT RAIL TRANSIT RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS REMOTE ROAD ROAD CAPACITY ROAD CONGESTION ROAD NETWORK ROAD SPEED ROAD TOLL ROAD TRAFFIC ROAD TRANSPORT ROUND TRIP SALES TAX RATE SHARING SPRAWL SPRAWL POLICIES SPREADING SQUARE STREAM SUBURBS SUBWAY SULFUR SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT SYMBOLS TAX REVENUE THREE-STAGE TOLL TOLL INCREASE TOLL INCREASES TOWNS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC CONGESTION TRAFFIC DEMAND TRAFFIC EXTERNALITIES TRAFFIC FLOWS TRAFFIC SPEED TRAFFIC VOLUME TRANSIT CAPACITY TRANSIT TRIPS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORT SECTOR EMISSIONS TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH TRAVEL BY CAR TRAVEL COSTS TRAVEL DEMAND TRAVEL DISTANCE TRAVEL MODE TRAVEL MODES TRAVEL SPEED TRAVEL TIME TRAVEL TIMES TRAVELERS TRIP TRIP BY CAR TRIP DISTANCE TRIP MAKING TRIP TIME TRIPS TRIPS BY CAR TRIPS BY MODE TRIPS PER DAY TRUCK TRAFFIC TRUCKS TRUST FUND UPPER URBAN AREAS URBAN TRANSPORTATION URBANIZATION VALUE OF TIME VEHICLE EFFICIENCY VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE FUEL VEHICLE FUEL EFFICIENCY VEHICLE KILOMETERS VEHICLE SPEED VEHICLE TRIP VEHICLE-KILOMETERS VEHICLES VOLUME OF TRAFFIC WALKING WORK TRAVEL WORK TRIP WORK TRIPS Anas, Alex Timilsina, Govinda R. Zheng, Siqi An Analysis of Various Policy Instruments to Reduce Congestion, Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Beijing |
| geographic_facet |
East Asia and Pacific East Asia and Pacific East Asia Asia China |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5068 |
| description |
Using a nested multinomial logit model
of car ownership and personal travel in Beijing circa 2005,
this paper compares the effectiveness of different policy
instruments to reduce traffic congestion and CO2 emissions.
The study shows that a congestion toll is more efficient
than a fuel tax in reducing traffic congestion, whereas a
fuel tax is more effective as a policy instrument for
reducing gasoline consumption and emissions. An improvement
in car efficiency would also reduce congestion, fuel
consumption, and CO2 emissions significantly; however, this
policy benefits only richer households that own a car.
Low-income households do better under the fuel tax policy
than under the efficiency improvement and congestion toll
policies. The congestion toll and fuel tax require the
travel cost per mile to more than triple. The responsiveness
of aggregate fuel and CO2 are, approximately, a 1 percent
drop for each 10 percent rise in the money cost of a car trip. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Anas, Alex Timilsina, Govinda R. Zheng, Siqi |
| author_facet |
Anas, Alex Timilsina, Govinda R. Zheng, Siqi |
| author_sort |
Anas, Alex |
| title |
An Analysis of Various Policy Instruments to Reduce Congestion, Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Beijing |
| title_short |
An Analysis of Various Policy Instruments to Reduce Congestion, Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Beijing |
| title_full |
An Analysis of Various Policy Instruments to Reduce Congestion, Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Beijing |
| title_fullStr |
An Analysis of Various Policy Instruments to Reduce Congestion, Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Beijing |
| title_full_unstemmed |
An Analysis of Various Policy Instruments to Reduce Congestion, Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Beijing |
| title_sort |
analysis of various policy instruments to reduce congestion, fuel consumption and co2 emissions in beijing |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091006110044 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4259 |
| _version_ |
1764390634445078528 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-42592021-04-23T14:02:16Z An Analysis of Various Policy Instruments to Reduce Congestion, Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Beijing Anas, Alex Timilsina, Govinda R. Zheng, Siqi ACCELERATION AGGREGATE EMISSIONS AGGREGATES AIR AIR QUALITY AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ANTI-SPRAWL AUTO OWNERSHIP AUTOMOBILE AUTOMOBILES AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY AVERAGE SPEED AVERAGE SPEEDS AVERAGE TRIP LENGTH BICYCLING BUS BUS RIDE BUSES CALIBRATION CAR CAR FUEL CAR MODES CAR OCCUPANCY CAR OWNERS CAR OWNERSHIP CAR TRAFFIC CAR TRAVEL CAR TRIP CAR TRIPS CAR USE CAR USERS CARBON EMISSIONS CARRYING CAPACITIES CARRYING CAPACITY CARS CENTRAL CITIES CHOICE OF MODE CLEAN AIR CLEAN AIR INITIATIVE CLEAN ENERGY CLIMATE CHANGE COMMUTING CONGESTION CONGESTION CHARGING CONGESTION CHARGING SCHEME CONGESTION DELAY CONGESTION EXTERNALITY CONGESTION TOLLS CONSTRUCTION COST OF CAR OWNERSHIP COST OF TRAVEL COST PER TRIP COSTS PER TRIP DAILY TRAFFIC DEMANDS FOR TRAVEL DISCRETIONARY TRAVEL DISCRETIONARY TRIPS DISPOSABLE INCOME DRIVING ECONOMIES OF SCALE EFFICIENT VEHICLES ELASTICITIES ELASTICITIES OF DEMAND ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF TRAVEL ELECTRIC CARS EMISSION EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS ENERGY EFFICIENCY EQUATIONS EXCESS FUEL CONSUMPTION EXTERNALITIES FLOOR SPACE FUEL FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL COST FUEL COST SAVINGS FUEL EFFICIENCY FUEL EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT FUEL PRICE FUEL TAX FUEL TAX INCREASES FUEL TAX RATE FUEL USE GAS GAS CONSUMPTION GAS TAX GASOLINE GASOLINE CONSUMPTION GASOLINE TAX GREENHOUSE GASES HIGH SPEEDS IMPACT OF CONGESTION LABOR MARKET LABOR MOBILITY LAND USE LOCAL AIR POLLUTION LONGER DISTANCES LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS MOBILITY MODE OF TRAVEL MODES OF TRAVEL NESTED LOGIT MODEL NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE PASSENGER PASSENGER TRAVEL PASSENGERS PERSON-TRIPS PERSONAL TRAVEL POPULATION DENSITY PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE OF FUEL PRIVATE VEHICLE PRIVATE VEHICLE OWNERSHIP PUBLIC ROADS PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSPORT PURCHASES RAIL RAIL MASS TRANSIT RAIL TRANSIT RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS REMOTE ROAD ROAD CAPACITY ROAD CONGESTION ROAD NETWORK ROAD SPEED ROAD TOLL ROAD TRAFFIC ROAD TRANSPORT ROUND TRIP SALES TAX RATE SHARING SPRAWL SPRAWL POLICIES SPREADING SQUARE STREAM SUBURBS SUBWAY SULFUR SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT SYMBOLS TAX REVENUE THREE-STAGE TOLL TOLL INCREASE TOLL INCREASES TOWNS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC CONGESTION TRAFFIC DEMAND TRAFFIC EXTERNALITIES TRAFFIC FLOWS TRAFFIC SPEED TRAFFIC VOLUME TRANSIT CAPACITY TRANSIT TRIPS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORT SECTOR EMISSIONS TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH TRAVEL BY CAR TRAVEL COSTS TRAVEL DEMAND TRAVEL DISTANCE TRAVEL MODE TRAVEL MODES TRAVEL SPEED TRAVEL TIME TRAVEL TIMES TRAVELERS TRIP TRIP BY CAR TRIP DISTANCE TRIP MAKING TRIP TIME TRIPS TRIPS BY CAR TRIPS BY MODE TRIPS PER DAY TRUCK TRAFFIC TRUCKS TRUST FUND UPPER URBAN AREAS URBAN TRANSPORTATION URBANIZATION VALUE OF TIME VEHICLE EFFICIENCY VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE FUEL VEHICLE FUEL EFFICIENCY VEHICLE KILOMETERS VEHICLE SPEED VEHICLE TRIP VEHICLE-KILOMETERS VEHICLES VOLUME OF TRAFFIC WALKING WORK TRAVEL WORK TRIP WORK TRIPS Using a nested multinomial logit model of car ownership and personal travel in Beijing circa 2005, this paper compares the effectiveness of different policy instruments to reduce traffic congestion and CO2 emissions. The study shows that a congestion toll is more efficient than a fuel tax in reducing traffic congestion, whereas a fuel tax is more effective as a policy instrument for reducing gasoline consumption and emissions. An improvement in car efficiency would also reduce congestion, fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions significantly; however, this policy benefits only richer households that own a car. Low-income households do better under the fuel tax policy than under the efficiency improvement and congestion toll policies. The congestion toll and fuel tax require the travel cost per mile to more than triple. The responsiveness of aggregate fuel and CO2 are, approximately, a 1 percent drop for each 10 percent rise in the money cost of a car trip. 2012-03-19T19:12:46Z 2012-03-19T19:12:46Z 2009-10-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091006110044 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4259 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5068 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper East Asia and Pacific East Asia and Pacific East Asia Asia China |