Impacts of Policy Instruments to Reduce Congestion and Emissions from Urban Transportation : The Case of São Paulo, Brazil
This study examines impacts on net social benefits or economic welfare of alternative policy instruments for reducing traffic congestion and atmospheric emissions in São Paulo, Brazil. The study shows that expanding road networks, subsidizing publi...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091027112258 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4291 |
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okr-10986-4291 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
AGGREGATE EMISSIONS AGGREGATES AIR ANTI-SPRAWL ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS AUTO TRAVEL AUTO TRIPS AUTOMOBILE AUTOMOBILE FUEL AUTOMOBILES AVERAGE TRAVEL TIME AVERAGE TRIP LENGTH BICYCLES BICYCLING BUS BUS TRAVEL BUS TRIPS BUSES CALCULATION CALIBRATION CAR CAR FUEL CAR MODES CAR ON AVERAGE CAR TRAVEL CAR TRIPS CAR USERS CARBON CARBON EMISSIONS CLEAN ENERGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CO2 COMBUSTION COMMUTERS COMMUTING CONGESTION CONGESTION CHARGING CONGESTION CHARGING SCHEME CONGESTION DELAY CONGESTION EXTERNALITIES CONGESTION MITIGATION CONGESTION PRICING CONGESTION TOLLS CONVERGENCE COST OF FUEL COST OF TRAVEL COST PER TRIP CROSS ELASTICITY CYCLISTS DEMAND ELASTICITIES DEMAND FOR CAR OWNERSHIP DEMAND FOR TRAVEL DIESEL DIESEL COMBUSTION DIVERGENCE DRIVING ECONOMIC WELFARE ECONOMIES OF SCALE EFFECT OF CONGESTION ELASTICITIES ELASTICITIES OF DEMAND ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF CAR DEMAND ELECTRIC CARS EMISSION EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION REDUCTION POTENTIAL EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS ENERGY DATA ENERGY USE ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES EQUATIONS EXCESS FUEL CONSUMPTION EXCISE TAX EXTREME VALUES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FUEL FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL COST FUEL COSTS FUEL ECONOMY FUEL ECONOMY OF CARS FUEL EFFICIENCY FUEL EXTERNALITIES FUEL PRICE FUEL TAX FUEL TAX RATES FUEL TAXES FUEL USE GAS GAS CONSUMPTION GASOHOL GASOLINE GASOLINE CONSUMPTION HIGH SPEEDS HIGHWAY HIGHWAY CAPACITY HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS HIGHWAY INVESTMENT HIGHWAY NETWORK HIGHWAYS IMPACT OF CONGESTION INCOME JOBS LAND USE LOCAL AIR QUALITY LONGER DISTANCES LOWER EMISSIONS MARGINAL UTILITY MOBILITY MODAL SHARES MODES OF TRAVEL MONETARY COST MONETARY COSTS MOTORIZED TRANSPORT NITROGEN NITROGEN OXIDES OZONE OZONE PRECURSORS PARTICULATE PARTICULATE MATTER PASSENGER POLLUTION PRESENT VALUE PRICE OF GASOLINE PRIVATE VEHICLE PUBLIC ROADS PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS PUBLIC TRANSPORT RAIL RAIL MASS TRANSIT RAIL TRANSIT RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS RAPID INCREASE IN CAR OWNERSHIP RATE OF SUBSTITUTION RENEWABLE ENERGY REVENUE NEUTRAL ROAD ROAD CAPACITY ROAD CAPACITY EXPANSION ROAD CONGESTION ROAD EXPANSION ROAD IMPROVEMENTS ROAD INVESTMENT ROAD NETWORKS ROUND TRIP SPEEDS SPRAWL SPRAWL POLICIES SPREADING SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT TAX TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TOLL TOTAL EMISSIONS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC CONGESTION TRAFFIC EXTERNALITIES TRAFFIC SPEED TRANSIT CAPACITY TRANSIT FARES TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS TRANSIT RIDERS TRANSIT TRAVEL TRANSIT TRIP TRANSIT TRIPS TRANSIT USERS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT EXTERNALITIES TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH TRAVEL BY CAR TRAVEL SPEED TRAVEL TIME TRAVEL TIMES TRAVELERS TRIP TRIP BY CAR TRIP DISTANCE TRIP TIME TRIPS TRIPS BY CAR TRIPS BY MODE TRIPS PER DAY TRUCKS TUNNELS URBAN AREAS URBAN PLANNING URBAN TRANSPORTATION UTILITY FUNCTION VALUE OF TIME VEHICLE EFFICIENCY VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE KILOMETERS VEHICLE OCCUPANCIES VEHICLE SPEED VEHICLE TRAFFIC VEHICLE-KILOMETERS VEHICLES VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WALKERS WALKING |
| spellingShingle |
AGGREGATE EMISSIONS AGGREGATES AIR ANTI-SPRAWL ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS AUTO TRAVEL AUTO TRIPS AUTOMOBILE AUTOMOBILE FUEL AUTOMOBILES AVERAGE TRAVEL TIME AVERAGE TRIP LENGTH BICYCLES BICYCLING BUS BUS TRAVEL BUS TRIPS BUSES CALCULATION CALIBRATION CAR CAR FUEL CAR MODES CAR ON AVERAGE CAR TRAVEL CAR TRIPS CAR USERS CARBON CARBON EMISSIONS CLEAN ENERGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CO2 COMBUSTION COMMUTERS COMMUTING CONGESTION CONGESTION CHARGING CONGESTION CHARGING SCHEME CONGESTION DELAY CONGESTION EXTERNALITIES CONGESTION MITIGATION CONGESTION PRICING CONGESTION TOLLS CONVERGENCE COST OF FUEL COST OF TRAVEL COST PER TRIP CROSS ELASTICITY CYCLISTS DEMAND ELASTICITIES DEMAND FOR CAR OWNERSHIP DEMAND FOR TRAVEL DIESEL DIESEL COMBUSTION DIVERGENCE DRIVING ECONOMIC WELFARE ECONOMIES OF SCALE EFFECT OF CONGESTION ELASTICITIES ELASTICITIES OF DEMAND ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF CAR DEMAND ELECTRIC CARS EMISSION EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION REDUCTION POTENTIAL EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS ENERGY DATA ENERGY USE ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES EQUATIONS EXCESS FUEL CONSUMPTION EXCISE TAX EXTREME VALUES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FUEL FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL COST FUEL COSTS FUEL ECONOMY FUEL ECONOMY OF CARS FUEL EFFICIENCY FUEL EXTERNALITIES FUEL PRICE FUEL TAX FUEL TAX RATES FUEL TAXES FUEL USE GAS GAS CONSUMPTION GASOHOL GASOLINE GASOLINE CONSUMPTION HIGH SPEEDS HIGHWAY HIGHWAY CAPACITY HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS HIGHWAY INVESTMENT HIGHWAY NETWORK HIGHWAYS IMPACT OF CONGESTION INCOME JOBS LAND USE LOCAL AIR QUALITY LONGER DISTANCES LOWER EMISSIONS MARGINAL UTILITY MOBILITY MODAL SHARES MODES OF TRAVEL MONETARY COST MONETARY COSTS MOTORIZED TRANSPORT NITROGEN NITROGEN OXIDES OZONE OZONE PRECURSORS PARTICULATE PARTICULATE MATTER PASSENGER POLLUTION PRESENT VALUE PRICE OF GASOLINE PRIVATE VEHICLE PUBLIC ROADS PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS PUBLIC TRANSPORT RAIL RAIL MASS TRANSIT RAIL TRANSIT RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS RAPID INCREASE IN CAR OWNERSHIP RATE OF SUBSTITUTION RENEWABLE ENERGY REVENUE NEUTRAL ROAD ROAD CAPACITY ROAD CAPACITY EXPANSION ROAD CONGESTION ROAD EXPANSION ROAD IMPROVEMENTS ROAD INVESTMENT ROAD NETWORKS ROUND TRIP SPEEDS SPRAWL SPRAWL POLICIES SPREADING SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT TAX TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TOLL TOTAL EMISSIONS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC CONGESTION TRAFFIC EXTERNALITIES TRAFFIC SPEED TRANSIT CAPACITY TRANSIT FARES TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS TRANSIT RIDERS TRANSIT TRAVEL TRANSIT TRIP TRANSIT TRIPS TRANSIT USERS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT EXTERNALITIES TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH TRAVEL BY CAR TRAVEL SPEED TRAVEL TIME TRAVEL TIMES TRAVELERS TRIP TRIP BY CAR TRIP DISTANCE TRIP TIME TRIPS TRIPS BY CAR TRIPS BY MODE TRIPS PER DAY TRUCKS TUNNELS URBAN AREAS URBAN PLANNING URBAN TRANSPORTATION UTILITY FUNCTION VALUE OF TIME VEHICLE EFFICIENCY VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE KILOMETERS VEHICLE OCCUPANCIES VEHICLE SPEED VEHICLE TRAFFIC VEHICLE-KILOMETERS VEHICLES VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WALKERS WALKING Anas, Alex Timilsina, Govinda R. Impacts of Policy Instruments to Reduce Congestion and Emissions from Urban Transportation : The Case of São Paulo, Brazil |
| geographic_facet |
Latin America & Caribbean Latin America & Caribbean South America America Brazil |
| relation |
Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change
Program (KCP),Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5099 |
| description |
This study examines impacts on net
social benefits or economic welfare of alternative policy
instruments for reducing traffic congestion and atmospheric
emissions in São Paulo, Brazil. The study shows that
expanding road networks, subsidizing public transit, and
improving automobile fuel economy may not be as effective as
suggested by economic theories because these policies could
cause significant rebound effects. Although pricing
instruments such as congestion tolls and fuel taxes would
certainly reduce congestion and emissions, the optimal level
of these instruments would steeply increase the monetary
cost of travel per trip and are therefore politically
difficult to implement. However, a noticeable finding is
that even smaller tolls, which are more likely to be
politically acceptable, have substantial benefits in terms
of reducing congestion and emissions. Among the various
policy instruments examined in the study, the most socially
preferable policy option for São Paulo would be to introduce
a mix of congestion toll and fuel taxes on automobiles and
use the revenues to improve public transit systems. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Anas, Alex Timilsina, Govinda R. |
| author_facet |
Anas, Alex Timilsina, Govinda R. |
| author_sort |
Anas, Alex |
| title |
Impacts of Policy Instruments to Reduce Congestion and Emissions from Urban Transportation : The Case of São Paulo, Brazil |
| title_short |
Impacts of Policy Instruments to Reduce Congestion and Emissions from Urban Transportation : The Case of São Paulo, Brazil |
| title_full |
Impacts of Policy Instruments to Reduce Congestion and Emissions from Urban Transportation : The Case of São Paulo, Brazil |
| title_fullStr |
Impacts of Policy Instruments to Reduce Congestion and Emissions from Urban Transportation : The Case of São Paulo, Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Impacts of Policy Instruments to Reduce Congestion and Emissions from Urban Transportation : The Case of São Paulo, Brazil |
| title_sort |
impacts of policy instruments to reduce congestion and emissions from urban transportation : the case of são paulo, brazil |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091027112258 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4291 |
| _version_ |
1764390781981818880 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-42912021-04-23T14:02:17Z Impacts of Policy Instruments to Reduce Congestion and Emissions from Urban Transportation : The Case of São Paulo, Brazil Anas, Alex Timilsina, Govinda R. AGGREGATE EMISSIONS AGGREGATES AIR ANTI-SPRAWL ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS AUTO TRAVEL AUTO TRIPS AUTOMOBILE AUTOMOBILE FUEL AUTOMOBILES AVERAGE TRAVEL TIME AVERAGE TRIP LENGTH BICYCLES BICYCLING BUS BUS TRAVEL BUS TRIPS BUSES CALCULATION CALIBRATION CAR CAR FUEL CAR MODES CAR ON AVERAGE CAR TRAVEL CAR TRIPS CAR USERS CARBON CARBON EMISSIONS CLEAN ENERGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CO2 COMBUSTION COMMUTERS COMMUTING CONGESTION CONGESTION CHARGING CONGESTION CHARGING SCHEME CONGESTION DELAY CONGESTION EXTERNALITIES CONGESTION MITIGATION CONGESTION PRICING CONGESTION TOLLS CONVERGENCE COST OF FUEL COST OF TRAVEL COST PER TRIP CROSS ELASTICITY CYCLISTS DEMAND ELASTICITIES DEMAND FOR CAR OWNERSHIP DEMAND FOR TRAVEL DIESEL DIESEL COMBUSTION DIVERGENCE DRIVING ECONOMIC WELFARE ECONOMIES OF SCALE EFFECT OF CONGESTION ELASTICITIES ELASTICITIES OF DEMAND ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF CAR DEMAND ELECTRIC CARS EMISSION EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION REDUCTION POTENTIAL EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS ENERGY DATA ENERGY USE ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES EQUATIONS EXCESS FUEL CONSUMPTION EXCISE TAX EXTREME VALUES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FUEL FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL COST FUEL COSTS FUEL ECONOMY FUEL ECONOMY OF CARS FUEL EFFICIENCY FUEL EXTERNALITIES FUEL PRICE FUEL TAX FUEL TAX RATES FUEL TAXES FUEL USE GAS GAS CONSUMPTION GASOHOL GASOLINE GASOLINE CONSUMPTION HIGH SPEEDS HIGHWAY HIGHWAY CAPACITY HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS HIGHWAY INVESTMENT HIGHWAY NETWORK HIGHWAYS IMPACT OF CONGESTION INCOME JOBS LAND USE LOCAL AIR QUALITY LONGER DISTANCES LOWER EMISSIONS MARGINAL UTILITY MOBILITY MODAL SHARES MODES OF TRAVEL MONETARY COST MONETARY COSTS MOTORIZED TRANSPORT NITROGEN NITROGEN OXIDES OZONE OZONE PRECURSORS PARTICULATE PARTICULATE MATTER PASSENGER POLLUTION PRESENT VALUE PRICE OF GASOLINE PRIVATE VEHICLE PUBLIC ROADS PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS PUBLIC TRANSPORT RAIL RAIL MASS TRANSIT RAIL TRANSIT RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS RAPID INCREASE IN CAR OWNERSHIP RATE OF SUBSTITUTION RENEWABLE ENERGY REVENUE NEUTRAL ROAD ROAD CAPACITY ROAD CAPACITY EXPANSION ROAD CONGESTION ROAD EXPANSION ROAD IMPROVEMENTS ROAD INVESTMENT ROAD NETWORKS ROUND TRIP SPEEDS SPRAWL SPRAWL POLICIES SPREADING SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT TAX TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TOLL TOTAL EMISSIONS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC CONGESTION TRAFFIC EXTERNALITIES TRAFFIC SPEED TRANSIT CAPACITY TRANSIT FARES TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS TRANSIT RIDERS TRANSIT TRAVEL TRANSIT TRIP TRANSIT TRIPS TRANSIT USERS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT EXTERNALITIES TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH TRAVEL BY CAR TRAVEL SPEED TRAVEL TIME TRAVEL TIMES TRAVELERS TRIP TRIP BY CAR TRIP DISTANCE TRIP TIME TRIPS TRIPS BY CAR TRIPS BY MODE TRIPS PER DAY TRUCKS TUNNELS URBAN AREAS URBAN PLANNING URBAN TRANSPORTATION UTILITY FUNCTION VALUE OF TIME VEHICLE EFFICIENCY VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE KILOMETERS VEHICLE OCCUPANCIES VEHICLE SPEED VEHICLE TRAFFIC VEHICLE-KILOMETERS VEHICLES VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WALKERS WALKING This study examines impacts on net social benefits or economic welfare of alternative policy instruments for reducing traffic congestion and atmospheric emissions in São Paulo, Brazil. The study shows that expanding road networks, subsidizing public transit, and improving automobile fuel economy may not be as effective as suggested by economic theories because these policies could cause significant rebound effects. Although pricing instruments such as congestion tolls and fuel taxes would certainly reduce congestion and emissions, the optimal level of these instruments would steeply increase the monetary cost of travel per trip and are therefore politically difficult to implement. However, a noticeable finding is that even smaller tolls, which are more likely to be politically acceptable, have substantial benefits in terms of reducing congestion and emissions. Among the various policy instruments examined in the study, the most socially preferable policy option for São Paulo would be to introduce a mix of congestion toll and fuel taxes on automobiles and use the revenues to improve public transit systems. 2012-03-19T19:13:23Z 2012-03-19T19:13:23Z 2009-10-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091027112258 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4291 English Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change Program (KCP),Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5099 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Latin America & Caribbean Latin America & Caribbean South America America Brazil |