Gender and Migration from Albania

This article examines the dynamics and causes of the shift in the gender composition of migration, and more particularly, in women's access to migration opportunities and decision-making. Our analysis focuses on Albania, a natural laboratory for studying international migration where outmigrati...

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Main Authors:	Stecklov, Guy, Carletto, Calogero, Azzarri, Carlo, Davis, Benjamin
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	EN
Published:	2012
Subjects:	Economics of Gender Non-labor Discrimination J160 Geographic Labor Mobility Immigrant Workers J610
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4961

id	okr-10986-4961
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-49612021-04-23T14:02:20Z Gender and Migration from Albania Stecklov, Guy Carletto, Calogero Azzarri, Carlo Davis, Benjamin Economics of Gender Non-labor Discrimination J160 Geographic Labor Mobility Immigrant Workers J610 This article examines the dynamics and causes of the shift in the gender composition of migration, and more particularly, in women's access to migration opportunities and decision-making. Our analysis focuses on Albania, a natural laboratory for studying international migration where outmigration was essentially nonexistent from the end of World War II to the end of the 1980s. Interest in the Albanian case is heightened because of the complex layers of inequality existing at the time when migration began: relatively low levels of inequality within the labor market and educational system's product of the Communist era--while household relations remained heavily steeped in tradition and patriarchy. We use micro-level data from the Albania 2005 Living Standards Measurement Study, including migration histories for family members since migration began. Based on discrete-time hazard models, the analysis shows a dramatic increase in male migration and a gradual and uneven expansion of the female proportion of this international migration. Female migration, which is shown to be strongly associated with education, wealth, and social capital, appears responsive to economic incentives and constraints. Using information on the dependency of female migration to the household demographic structure as well as the sensitivity of female migration to household-level shocks, we show how household-level constraints and incentives affect male and female migration differently. Throughout this period, however, women's migration behavior appears more directly aligned with household-level factors, and there is little evidence to suggest that increased female migration signals rising behavioral independence among Albanian women. 2012-03-30T07:30:35Z 2012-03-30T07:30:35Z 2010 Journal Article Demography 00703370 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4961 EN http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo World Bank Journal Article Albania
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	EN
topic	Economics of Gender Non-labor Discrimination J160 Geographic Labor Mobility Immigrant Workers J610
spellingShingle	Economics of Gender Non-labor Discrimination J160 Geographic Labor Mobility Immigrant Workers J610 Stecklov, Guy Carletto, Calogero Azzarri, Carlo Davis, Benjamin Gender and Migration from Albania
geographic_facet	Albania
relation	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo
description	This article examines the dynamics and causes of the shift in the gender composition of migration, and more particularly, in women's access to migration opportunities and decision-making. Our analysis focuses on Albania, a natural laboratory for studying international migration where outmigration was essentially nonexistent from the end of World War II to the end of the 1980s. Interest in the Albanian case is heightened because of the complex layers of inequality existing at the time when migration began: relatively low levels of inequality within the labor market and educational system's product of the Communist era--while household relations remained heavily steeped in tradition and patriarchy. We use micro-level data from the Albania 2005 Living Standards Measurement Study, including migration histories for family members since migration began. Based on discrete-time hazard models, the analysis shows a dramatic increase in male migration and a gradual and uneven expansion of the female proportion of this international migration. Female migration, which is shown to be strongly associated with education, wealth, and social capital, appears responsive to economic incentives and constraints. Using information on the dependency of female migration to the household demographic structure as well as the sensitivity of female migration to household-level shocks, we show how household-level constraints and incentives affect male and female migration differently. Throughout this period, however, women's migration behavior appears more directly aligned with household-level factors, and there is little evidence to suggest that increased female migration signals rising behavioral independence among Albanian women.
format	Journal Article
author	Stecklov, Guy Carletto, Calogero Azzarri, Carlo Davis, Benjamin
author_facet	Stecklov, Guy Carletto, Calogero Azzarri, Carlo Davis, Benjamin
author_sort	Stecklov, Guy
title	Gender and Migration from Albania
title_short	Gender and Migration from Albania
title_full	Gender and Migration from Albania
title_fullStr	Gender and Migration from Albania
title_full_unstemmed	Gender and Migration from Albania
title_sort	gender and migration from albania
publishDate	2012
url	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4961
_version_	1764393404789161984

Gender and Migration from Albania

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