Adapting to Climate Change : The Case of Rice in Indonesia

There is increasing interest in climate change issues in Indonesia particularly in the lead-up to the COP13 or Copenhagen meeting in Bali in December 2007 when there was renewed focus on Indonesia as the third largest emitter of greenhouse gases (G...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Investment Climate Assessment (ICA)
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ACIDITY ADAPTATION IN AGRICULTURE ADDITIVES AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AGRICULTURAL INPUTS AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL LANDS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SUPPLIES AGRICULTURAL USE AGRICULTURAL USES AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE SECTOR ALTERNATIVE CROPS ALTITUDE AMMONIA AMMONIUM AMMONIUM SULFATE ANIMAL PRODUCTION ANIMALS AQUACULTURE ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION AVAILABILITY OF RICE AVERAGE YIELDS BORON CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON SEQUESTRATION CASSAVA CEREAL YIELDS CLASSIFICATION CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE VARIATION CLIMATES CLIMATIC CONDITIONS CLIMATOLOGY CO COLORS COMMODITY CONSERVATION CONSERVATION AREAS CONSTRUCTION CONTINUOUS CROPPING CONVERGENCE COOPERATIVES COPPER CORN CROP CROP AREA CROP DIVERSIFICATION CROP FAILURE CROP GROWTH CROP PRODUCTION CROP RESIDUES CROP SCIENCE CROP WATER CROP YIELDS CROPPING CROPPING SEASONS CROPS DATES DEFORESTATION DEGRADATION DEMAND FOR FOOD DISEASES DRAINAGE DROUGHT DRY PERIODS DRY SEASON DRY SEASONS ECOSYSTEMS EMISSION EMISSIONS REDUCTION EQUIPMENT EROSION EVAPORATION EXTENSION SERVICES FAO FARM FARM INCOMES FARM MANAGEMENT FARM SIZE FARMER FARMER RESPONSE FARMERS FARMING FARMING ACTIVITIES FARMS FERTILISER FERTILIZATION FERTILIZER FERTILIZER SUBSIDIES FERTILIZER SUBSIDY FERTILIZER USE FERTILIZERS FISH FISHERIES FLOOD MITIGATION FLOODING FLOODS FOOD AID FOOD CROP FOOD CROP MANAGEMENT FOOD CROPS FOOD PRODUCTION FOOD SECURITY FORAGE GRASSES FOREST FOREST FIRES FORESTRY FOSSIL FUEL FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FROST GEOPHYSICS GERMPLASM GHG GHGS GLOBAL N FERTILIZER CONSUMPTION GLOBAL WARMING GRAIN GRAIN PRODUCTION GRAIN YIELD GRASSES GRAZING GREEN REVOLUTION GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GASES GROUNDNUT GROUNDWATER GROUNDWATER SOURCES GROWING SEASON HARVESTING HARVESTS HECTARES OF LAND HORTICULTURE HOUSING HUMAN ACTIVITY HUMIDITY HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE HYDROLOGY IMPACT OF IRRIGATION INCUBATION INNOVATION INTENSIVE CROPPING IRRI IRRIGATION WATER LABORATORIES LAND AREA LAND DEGRADATION LAND DEVELOPMENT LAND MANAGEMENT LAND RESOURCES LAND USE LIVESTOCK LOSS IN YIELD MAIZE METABOLISM METEOROLOGY METHANE METHANE EMISSIONS MONSOONS MOSQUITO NATIONAL EMISSIONS NATIVE PLANTS NATURAL RESOURCES NEGATIVE IMPACTS NGOS NITROGEN NITROGEN FERTILIZER NUTRIENTS NUTRITION OCEANS ORGANIC MATTER ORGANIC WASTE OSCILLATIONS PADDY PEST CONTROL PEST MANAGEMENT PESTICIDES PESTS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS CONTENT PHOTOSYNTHESIS PLANT BREEDING PLANT PROTECTION PLANTATIONS POTASSIUM POTASSIUM FERTILIZERS POTENTIAL RICE YIELDS POTENTIAL YIELDS PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION PATTERNS PRESERVATION PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCE PRODUCTION GAINS PRODUCTION METHOD PRODUCTION METHODS RAINFALL RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION REPLANTING RESERVOIR RESERVOIRS RICE RICE AREAS RICE CULTIVATION RICE FIELDS RICE PRICE RICE PRICES RICE PRODUCTION RICE RESEARCH RICE TRADE RICE YIELDS RIVER RUNOFF RURAL DEVELOPMENT SANDY SOILS SEA LEVEL RISE SEED SEED TREATMENT SMALL FARMERS SOIL CHARACTERISTICS SOIL EROSION SOIL FERTILITY SOILS SOLAR RADIATION SOUTHERN OSCILLATION INDEX SOWING SOYBEAN SPECIES SPECIFIC HUMIDITY STRAW SUGARCANE SULFUR SURFACE WATERS SWAMP TEMPERATURE TILLAGE TIN TRANSPLANTING TREE SPECIES TREES UNIVERSITIES UPLAND AREAS UREA VEGETATION WATER RESOURCES WATER SCARCITY WATER SUPPLY WATERSHED WEEDS WETLAND WETLAND AREA WIND WINDS YIELD LOSS ZINC
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/07/11982007/adapting-climate-change-case-rice-indonesia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6236

Description
Summary:	There is increasing interest in climate change issues in Indonesia particularly in the lead-up to the COP13 or Copenhagen meeting in Bali in December 2007 when there was renewed focus on Indonesia as the third largest emitter of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the world due to deforestation, peat-land degradation, and forest fires. In Indonesia, the agriculture sector employs the largest share, 45 percent, of Indonesia's labor and contributes the second largest share, 17.5 percent, of gross domestic product (GDP). Poverty is a largely rural phenomenon. In 2002, 61 percent of the poor earned their livelihood in the agricultural sector while 63 percent of Indonesia's poor population resided in rural areas. In Indonesia, the agriculture sector is the main source of methane emissions as it accounts for 59 percent of total national emissions. Seventy percent of the emissions from the agriculture sector are generated by rice cultivation. Methane emission in agriculture is mainly due to inefficient practices such as over-irrigation, misuse of fertilizer, and poor livestock feeding practices. The study is organized as follows: the introductory chapter is followed by a chapter that discusses the key elements of adaptation in a general agricultural context. This is followed by a review of the literature on climate change in Indonesia and the implications for improving rice productivity in the context of concomitant changes in land use. Chapter four focuses on two key issues for economic and policy options as part of the adaptation agenda. The first relates to the important role of Bulog, (logistics agency) and the second pertains to the current structure of the fertilizer subsidies. The final chapter presents conclusions and recommendations.

Adapting to Climate Change : The Case of Rice in Indonesia

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