Sources of Welfare Disparities Across and Within Regions of Brazil : Evidence from the 2002-03 Household Budget Survey

Sources of Welfare Disparities Across and Within Regions of Brazil : Evidence from the 2002-03 Household Budget Survey

Brazil's inequalities in welfare and poverty across and within regions can be accounted for by differences in household attributes and returns to those attributes. This paper uses Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions at the mean as well as at differe...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Skoufias, Emmanuel, Katayama, Roy
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	Washington, DC: World Bank 2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO MARKETS ACCOUNTING AGGLOMERATION EFFECTS ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BASIC NEEDS BASIC SOCIAL SERVICES CASH TRANSFER CONCENTRATION OF PEOPLE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONSUMPTION MEASURE CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTIONS COUNTERFACTUAL CREDIT MARKETS CURRENT INCOME CURRENT INCOMES DECOMPOSITION METHODOLOGY DECOMPOSITION TECHNIQUES DEPENDENCY RATIO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIES OF SCALE EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELEMENTARY EDUCATION EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENDOWMENTS EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY EXPENDITURE EXTREME POVERTY FAMILY SIZE FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY FOOD POVERTY FOOD POVERTY LINE GENDER GOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONS GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL ASSETS INCOME INCOME GAP INCOME INEQUALITY INEQUALITIES INEQUALITY INSURANCE INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTING KIDS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LAND OWNERSHIP LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVEL OF POVERTY LIMITED ACCESS LIVING STANDARDS MARITAL STATUS MARKET FAILURES MEASUREMENT OF POVERTY MIGRATION MIGRATION FLOWS NUTRITION PENSION PENSION SYSTEM PENSIONS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PLACE OF RESIDENCE POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL INFLUENCE POOR POOR AREAS POOR FAMILIES POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POORER HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY GAP POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY PROFILE POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMS POVERTY SEVERITY PRICE INDEX PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PUBLIC CREDITS PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC SERVICES PULL FACTORS RATE OF RETURN RATES OF RETURN RURAL RURAL AREA RURAL AREAS RURAL DIFFERENCES RURAL DISPARITIES RURAL GAP RURAL INEQUALITY RURAL POVERTY RURAL REGIONS RURAL SECTORS RURAL WELFARE SANITATION SAVINGS SCHOOLING SECONDARY EDUCATION SINGLE PERSON SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL CONCERNS SOCIAL CUSTOMS SOCIAL JUSTICE SOCIAL NETWORKS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPOUSE TARGETING TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM UNDERSTANDING OF POVERTY URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTER URBAN POVERTY VALUABLE WAGE WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WELFARE DISTRIBUTION WORTH
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/12/10134727/sources-welfare-disparities-across-within-regions-brazil-evidence-2002-03-household-budget-survey http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6329

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Summary:	Brazil's inequalities in welfare and poverty across and within regions can be accounted for by differences in household attributes and returns to those attributes. This paper uses Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions at the mean as well as at different quantiles of welfare distributions on regionally representative household survey data (2002-03 Household Budget Survey). The analysis finds that household attributes account for most of the welfare differences between urban and rural areas within regions. However, comparing the lagging Northeast region with the leading Southeast region, differences in returns to attributes account for a large part of the welfare disparities, in particular in metropolitan areas, supporting the presence of agglomeration effects in booming areas.