Migration and Economic Mobility in Tanzania : Evidence from a Tracking Survey

This study explores the extent to which migration has contributed to improved living standards of individuals in Tanzania. Using longitudinal data on individuals, the authors estimate the impact of migration on consumption growth between 1991 and 2...

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Main Authors:	Beegle, Kathleen, De Weerdt, Joachim, Dercon, Stefan
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	Washington, DC: World Bank 2012
Subjects:	ADULT MORTALITY AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE AIDS EPIDEMIC BASIC NEEDS BUSINESS OWNERSHIP CHANGE IN CONSUMPTION CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION DATA CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION GROWTH CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION POVERTY DECLINE IN POVERTY DETERMINANTS OF CONSUMPTION DOWRY EARNINGS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC SHOCKS EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATIONAL LEVELS EMPLOYERS ENDOWMENTS EQUALITY EXCLUSION FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE CHILDREN FOOD COMPONENTS FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA FOOD EXPENDITURE GENDER GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES HEALTH EXPENDITURES HIV HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD BUDGET SURVEY HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUSBANDS IMPACT OF MIGRATION INCOME CHANGES INCOME GAINS INCOME GROWTH INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS INEQUALITY INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION KINSHIP LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LEVEL OF CONSUMPTION LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARITAL STATUS MIGRANT MIGRANTS MIGRATION MIGRATION PROCESS MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MOTHER NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMBER OF PEOPLE PEER GROUPS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR AREAS POPULATION GROWTH POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY LINE POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRESS PULL FACTORS PUSH FACTORS REFUGEE REMITTANCES REMOTE AREAS RESPECT RETURN MIGRATION RURAL AREA RURAL AREAS RURAL TRANSFORMATION RURAL VILLAGES SCHOOLING SEX SOCIAL FACTORS SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL NORMS SOURCE OF INCOME SPOUSE SUBSISTENCE TEENS TOTAL CONSUMPTION TRADITIONAL VALUES UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTER URBAN CENTERS VILLAGE WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGES WAR WOMAN YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG MALE
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/12/10115849/migration-economic-mobility-tanzania-evidence-tracking-survey http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6333

id	okr-10986-6333
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-63332021-04-23T14:02:30Z Migration and Economic Mobility in Tanzania : Evidence from a Tracking Survey Beegle, Kathleen De Weerdt, Joachim Dercon, Stefan ADULT MORTALITY AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE AIDS EPIDEMIC BASIC NEEDS BUSINESS OWNERSHIP CHANGE IN CONSUMPTION CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION DATA CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION GROWTH CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION POVERTY DECLINE IN POVERTY DETERMINANTS OF CONSUMPTION DOWRY EARNINGS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC SHOCKS EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATIONAL LEVELS EMPLOYERS ENDOWMENTS EQUALITY EXCLUSION FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE CHILDREN FOOD COMPONENTS FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA FOOD EXPENDITURE GENDER GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES HEALTH EXPENDITURES HIV HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD BUDGET SURVEY HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUSBANDS IMPACT OF MIGRATION INCOME CHANGES INCOME GAINS INCOME GROWTH INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS INEQUALITY INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION KINSHIP LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LEVEL OF CONSUMPTION LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARITAL STATUS MIGRANT MIGRANTS MIGRATION MIGRATION PROCESS MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MOTHER NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMBER OF PEOPLE PEER GROUPS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR AREAS POPULATION GROWTH POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY LINE POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRESS PULL FACTORS PUSH FACTORS REFUGEE REMITTANCES REMOTE AREAS RESPECT RETURN MIGRATION RURAL AREA RURAL AREAS RURAL TRANSFORMATION RURAL VILLAGES SCHOOLING SEX SOCIAL FACTORS SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL NORMS SOURCE OF INCOME SPOUSE SUBSISTENCE TEENS TOTAL CONSUMPTION TRADITIONAL VALUES UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTER URBAN CENTERS VILLAGE WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGES WAR WOMAN YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG MALE This study explores the extent to which migration has contributed to improved living standards of individuals in Tanzania. Using longitudinal data on individuals, the authors estimate the impact of migration on consumption growth between 1991 and 2004. The analysis addresses concerns about heterogeneity and unobservable factors correlated with both income changes and the decision to migrate. The findings show that migration adds 36 percentage points to consumption growth, during a period of considerable growth in consumption. These results are robust to numerous tests and alternative specifications. Unpacking the findings, the analysis finds that moving out of agriculture is correlated with much higher growth than staying in agriculture, although growth is always higher in any sector if one physically moves. Economic mobility is strongly linked to geographic mobility. The puzzle is why more people do not move if returns to geographic mobility are high. The evidence is consistent with models in which exit barriers are set by home communities (through social and family norms) that prevent migration of certain categories of people. 2012-05-22T22:25:13Z 2012-05-22T22:25:13Z 2008-12 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/12/10115849/migration-economic-mobility-tanzania-evidence-tracking-survey http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6333 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4798 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Africa Tanzania
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ADULT MORTALITY AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE AIDS EPIDEMIC BASIC NEEDS BUSINESS OWNERSHIP CHANGE IN CONSUMPTION CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION DATA CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION GROWTH CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION POVERTY DECLINE IN POVERTY DETERMINANTS OF CONSUMPTION DOWRY EARNINGS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC SHOCKS EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATIONAL LEVELS EMPLOYERS ENDOWMENTS EQUALITY EXCLUSION FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE CHILDREN FOOD COMPONENTS FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA FOOD EXPENDITURE GENDER GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES HEALTH EXPENDITURES HIV HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD BUDGET SURVEY HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUSBANDS IMPACT OF MIGRATION INCOME CHANGES INCOME GAINS INCOME GROWTH INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS INEQUALITY INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION KINSHIP LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LEVEL OF CONSUMPTION LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARITAL STATUS MIGRANT MIGRANTS MIGRATION MIGRATION PROCESS MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MOTHER NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMBER OF PEOPLE PEER GROUPS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR AREAS POPULATION GROWTH POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY LINE POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRESS PULL FACTORS PUSH FACTORS REFUGEE REMITTANCES REMOTE AREAS RESPECT RETURN MIGRATION RURAL AREA RURAL AREAS RURAL TRANSFORMATION RURAL VILLAGES SCHOOLING SEX SOCIAL FACTORS SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL NORMS SOURCE OF INCOME SPOUSE SUBSISTENCE TEENS TOTAL CONSUMPTION TRADITIONAL VALUES UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTER URBAN CENTERS VILLAGE WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGES WAR WOMAN YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG MALE
spellingShingle	ADULT MORTALITY AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE AIDS EPIDEMIC BASIC NEEDS BUSINESS OWNERSHIP CHANGE IN CONSUMPTION CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION DATA CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION GROWTH CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION POVERTY DECLINE IN POVERTY DETERMINANTS OF CONSUMPTION DOWRY EARNINGS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC SHOCKS EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATIONAL LEVELS EMPLOYERS ENDOWMENTS EQUALITY EXCLUSION FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE CHILDREN FOOD COMPONENTS FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA FOOD EXPENDITURE GENDER GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES HEALTH EXPENDITURES HIV HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD BUDGET SURVEY HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUSBANDS IMPACT OF MIGRATION INCOME CHANGES INCOME GAINS INCOME GROWTH INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS INEQUALITY INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION KINSHIP LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LEVEL OF CONSUMPTION LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARITAL STATUS MIGRANT MIGRANTS MIGRATION MIGRATION PROCESS MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MOTHER NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMBER OF PEOPLE PEER GROUPS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR AREAS POPULATION GROWTH POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY LINE POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRESS PULL FACTORS PUSH FACTORS REFUGEE REMITTANCES REMOTE AREAS RESPECT RETURN MIGRATION RURAL AREA RURAL AREAS RURAL TRANSFORMATION RURAL VILLAGES SCHOOLING SEX SOCIAL FACTORS SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL NORMS SOURCE OF INCOME SPOUSE SUBSISTENCE TEENS TOTAL CONSUMPTION TRADITIONAL VALUES UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTER URBAN CENTERS VILLAGE WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGES WAR WOMAN YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG MALE Beegle, Kathleen De Weerdt, Joachim Dercon, Stefan Migration and Economic Mobility in Tanzania : Evidence from a Tracking Survey
geographic_facet	Africa Tanzania
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4798
description	This study explores the extent to which migration has contributed to improved living standards of individuals in Tanzania. Using longitudinal data on individuals, the authors estimate the impact of migration on consumption growth between 1991 and 2004. The analysis addresses concerns about heterogeneity and unobservable factors correlated with both income changes and the decision to migrate. The findings show that migration adds 36 percentage points to consumption growth, during a period of considerable growth in consumption. These results are robust to numerous tests and alternative specifications. Unpacking the findings, the analysis finds that moving out of agriculture is correlated with much higher growth than staying in agriculture, although growth is always higher in any sector if one physically moves. Economic mobility is strongly linked to geographic mobility. The puzzle is why more people do not move if returns to geographic mobility are high. The evidence is consistent with models in which exit barriers are set by home communities (through social and family norms) that prevent migration of certain categories of people.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Beegle, Kathleen De Weerdt, Joachim Dercon, Stefan
author_facet	Beegle, Kathleen De Weerdt, Joachim Dercon, Stefan
author_sort	Beegle, Kathleen
title	Migration and Economic Mobility in Tanzania : Evidence from a Tracking Survey
title_short	Migration and Economic Mobility in Tanzania : Evidence from a Tracking Survey
title_full	Migration and Economic Mobility in Tanzania : Evidence from a Tracking Survey
title_fullStr	Migration and Economic Mobility in Tanzania : Evidence from a Tracking Survey
title_full_unstemmed	Migration and Economic Mobility in Tanzania : Evidence from a Tracking Survey
title_sort	migration and economic mobility in tanzania : evidence from a tracking survey
publisher	Washington, DC: World Bank
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/12/10115849/migration-economic-mobility-tanzania-evidence-tracking-survey http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6333
_version_	1764399898312048640

Migration and Economic Mobility in Tanzania : Evidence from a Tracking Survey

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