Agency, Education and Networks : Gender and International Migration from Albania
This paper examines the causes and dynamics of the shift in the gender composition of migration, and more particularly, in the access of women to migration opportunities and decision making. The context of the analysis is Albania, a natural laborat...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/02/8989063/agency-education-networks-gender-international-migration-albania http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6363 |
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okr-10986-63632021-04-23T14:02:31Z Agency, Education and Networks : Gender and International Migration from Albania Stecklov, Guy Carletto, Calogero Azzarri, Carlo Davis, Benjamin ANTHROPOLOGY BORDERS BOTH SEXES CITIZENSHIP CULTURAL NORMS DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS DEMOGRAPHY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIFFUSION OF INFORMATION DISCRIMINATION ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC STATUS EDUCATED MEN EDUCATED WOMEN EITHER SEX EMIGRANTS EXTERNAL MIGRATION FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE MIGRANTS FEMALE EDUCATION FERTILITY FERTILITY TRANSITION FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION FREEDOM GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER PARITY GENDER RELATIONS GENDER ROLES HIGH FERTILITY LEVELS HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ILLNESS IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION IMPACT OF EDUCATION IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION POLICIES INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW INTERNATIONAL POPULATION JOB OPPORTUNITIES LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR MIGRATION LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS MARGINALIZATION MIGRANTS MIGRATION DATA MIGRATION PATTERNS MIGRATION PROCESS MIGRATION STREAMS NUMBER OF CHILDREN OLDER PEOPLE OLDER WOMEN PATTERN OF CHANGE PERMANENT MIGRATION PHILOSOPHY POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION MOVEMENTS POPULATION STUDIES POTENTIAL MIGRANTS POWER PROGRESS RESPECT RIGHT ROLE OF WOMEN RURAL WOMEN SAME SEX SECONDARY EDUCATION SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL SCIENCES SOCIAL STRUCTURE SOCIAL THEORY SOCIETY SOCIOLOGY SPOUSE TABOO TABOOS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TEMPORARY MIGRATION TRADITIONAL SOCIETIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNIVERSITY EDUCATION UNMARRIED WOMEN WAR WOMAN This paper examines the causes and dynamics of the shift in the gender composition of migration, and more particularly, in the access of women to migration opportunities and decision making. The context of the analysis is Albania, a natural laboratory for studying migration developments given that out-migration was practically eliminated from the end of World War II to the end of the 1980s. The authors use micro-level data from the Albania 2005 Living Standards Measurement Study including migration histories for family members since migration began. Based on discrete-time hazard models, the analysis shows an impressive expansion of female participation in international migration. Female migration, which is shown to be strongly associated with education, wealth, and social capital, appears responsive to economic incentives and constraints. Yet, using unique data on the dependency of female migration to the household demographic structure as well as the sensitivity of female migration to household-level shocks, the authors show that it is the households themselves that are the decision-making agents behind this economic calculus and there is little to suggest that increased female migration signals the emergence of female agency. 2012-05-24T16:21:19Z 2012-05-24T16:21:19Z 2008-02 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/02/8989063/agency-education-networks-gender-international-migration-albania http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6363 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4507 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Europe and Central Asia Albania |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ANTHROPOLOGY BORDERS BOTH SEXES CITIZENSHIP CULTURAL NORMS DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS DEMOGRAPHY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIFFUSION OF INFORMATION DISCRIMINATION ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC STATUS EDUCATED MEN EDUCATED WOMEN EITHER SEX EMIGRANTS EXTERNAL MIGRATION FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE MIGRANTS FEMALE EDUCATION FERTILITY FERTILITY TRANSITION FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION FREEDOM GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER PARITY GENDER RELATIONS GENDER ROLES HIGH FERTILITY LEVELS HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ILLNESS IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION IMPACT OF EDUCATION IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION POLICIES INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW INTERNATIONAL POPULATION JOB OPPORTUNITIES LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR MIGRATION LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS MARGINALIZATION MIGRANTS MIGRATION DATA MIGRATION PATTERNS MIGRATION PROCESS MIGRATION STREAMS NUMBER OF CHILDREN OLDER PEOPLE OLDER WOMEN PATTERN OF CHANGE PERMANENT MIGRATION PHILOSOPHY POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION MOVEMENTS POPULATION STUDIES POTENTIAL MIGRANTS POWER PROGRESS RESPECT RIGHT ROLE OF WOMEN RURAL WOMEN SAME SEX SECONDARY EDUCATION SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL SCIENCES SOCIAL STRUCTURE SOCIAL THEORY SOCIETY SOCIOLOGY SPOUSE TABOO TABOOS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TEMPORARY MIGRATION TRADITIONAL SOCIETIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNIVERSITY EDUCATION UNMARRIED WOMEN WAR WOMAN |
| spellingShingle |
ANTHROPOLOGY BORDERS BOTH SEXES CITIZENSHIP CULTURAL NORMS DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS DEMOGRAPHY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIFFUSION OF INFORMATION DISCRIMINATION ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC STATUS EDUCATED MEN EDUCATED WOMEN EITHER SEX EMIGRANTS EXTERNAL MIGRATION FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE MIGRANTS FEMALE EDUCATION FERTILITY FERTILITY TRANSITION FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION FREEDOM GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER PARITY GENDER RELATIONS GENDER ROLES HIGH FERTILITY LEVELS HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ILLNESS IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION IMPACT OF EDUCATION IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION POLICIES INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW INTERNATIONAL POPULATION JOB OPPORTUNITIES LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR MIGRATION LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS MARGINALIZATION MIGRANTS MIGRATION DATA MIGRATION PATTERNS MIGRATION PROCESS MIGRATION STREAMS NUMBER OF CHILDREN OLDER PEOPLE OLDER WOMEN PATTERN OF CHANGE PERMANENT MIGRATION PHILOSOPHY POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION MOVEMENTS POPULATION STUDIES POTENTIAL MIGRANTS POWER PROGRESS RESPECT RIGHT ROLE OF WOMEN RURAL WOMEN SAME SEX SECONDARY EDUCATION SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL SCIENCES SOCIAL STRUCTURE SOCIAL THEORY SOCIETY SOCIOLOGY SPOUSE TABOO TABOOS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TEMPORARY MIGRATION TRADITIONAL SOCIETIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNIVERSITY EDUCATION UNMARRIED WOMEN WAR WOMAN Stecklov, Guy Carletto, Calogero Azzarri, Carlo Davis, Benjamin Agency, Education and Networks : Gender and International Migration from Albania |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Albania |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4507 |
| description |
This paper examines the causes and
dynamics of the shift in the gender composition of
migration, and more particularly, in the access of women to
migration opportunities and decision making. The context of
the analysis is Albania, a natural laboratory for studying
migration developments given that out-migration was
practically eliminated from the end of World War II to the
end of the 1980s. The authors use micro-level data from the
Albania 2005 Living Standards Measurement Study including
migration histories for family members since migration
began. Based on discrete-time hazard models, the analysis
shows an impressive expansion of female participation in
international migration. Female migration, which is shown to
be strongly associated with education, wealth, and social
capital, appears responsive to economic incentives and
constraints. Yet, using unique data on the dependency of
female migration to the household demographic structure as
well as the sensitivity of female migration to
household-level shocks, the authors show that it is the
households themselves that are the decision-making agents
behind this economic calculus and there is little to suggest
that increased female migration signals the emergence of
female agency. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Stecklov, Guy Carletto, Calogero Azzarri, Carlo Davis, Benjamin |
| author_facet |
Stecklov, Guy Carletto, Calogero Azzarri, Carlo Davis, Benjamin |
| author_sort |
Stecklov, Guy |
| title |
Agency, Education and Networks : Gender and International Migration from Albania |
| title_short |
Agency, Education and Networks : Gender and International Migration from Albania |
| title_full |
Agency, Education and Networks : Gender and International Migration from Albania |
| title_fullStr |
Agency, Education and Networks : Gender and International Migration from Albania |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Agency, Education and Networks : Gender and International Migration from Albania |
| title_sort |
agency, education and networks : gender and international migration from albania |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/02/8989063/agency-education-networks-gender-international-migration-albania http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6363 |
| _version_ |
1764400221446471680 |