Putting Tanzania's Hidden Economy to Work : Reform, Management, and Protection of its Natural Resource Sector

Putting Tanzania's Hidden Economy to Work : Reform, Management, and Protection of its Natural Resource Sector

This paper tells a story about conditions in Tanzania's hidden economy, the parts of the natural resource sector often ignored in conventional economic analyses and studies, and makes recommendations for future policy actions. The paper draws...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Publication
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC : World Bank 2012
Subjects:	ACTION PLAN ADEQUATE SAFETY NET ADULT POPULATION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE ANECDOTAL EVIDENCE ANIMAL ARTISANAL MINING ASSETS AWARENESS BUILDING BIODIVERSITY BLACK MARKETS CAPACITY BUILDING CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION CHILD MORTALITY CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLIMATE CHANGE COASTAL AREAS COASTAL FISHERY COASTAL ZONES COMMUNITY CONSERVATION COMPETITIVENESS CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES CROWDING OUT CULTURAL VALUES DEALERS DECENTRALIZATION DEEP SEA DEFORESTATION DEFORESTATION RATE DETERMINANTS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DISSEMINATION DRINKING WATER ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC LOSS ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEMS ELEPHANTS EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENTITLEMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS EXPENDITURES EXPLOITATION EXPORT STATISTICS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES EXTINCTION EXTREME POVERTY FIELD RESEARCH FISH FISHERIES FISHERIES MANAGEMENT FISHERIES RESOURCES FISHING FISHING FLEETS FISHING VESSELS FOREIGN VESSELS FOREST FOREST AREA FOREST COVER FOREST INVENTORY FOREST MANAGEMENT FOREST POLICY FOREST PRODUCTS FOREST RESERVE FOREST SECTOR FOREST STAFF FORESTRY FORESTRY SECTOR FORESTS FRESHWATER FISHERIES GAME RESERVES GDP GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT GOLD MINING GREEN ACCOUNTING GREENHOUSE GASES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS NATIONAL INCOME GROWTH POTENTIAL GROWTH PROJECTIONS GROWTH RATE HABITATS HIV HUMAN CAPITAL HUNTING ILLEGAL FISHING ILLEGAL LOGGING ILLEGAL TRADE IMPERFECT COMPETITION INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INEFFICIENCY INFORMATION SYSTEM INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INVENTORY IVORY LABOR FORCE LAKE LAKES LAND USES LANDFILLS LEGAL STATUS LEGISLATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LIVE ANIMALS LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK GRAZING LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL DEVELOPMENT LOGGING MACROECONOMICS MANGROVES MARINE FISHERIES MARINE FISHERY MATURE FORESTS MEDICINAL PLANTS METALS MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MINERAL DEPOSITS MINES MINING OPERATIONS MONOPOLY MORTALITY RATES NATIONAL ECONOMY NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL OUTPUT NATIONAL PARK NATIONAL PARKS NATIONAL STRATEGY NATURAL CAPITAL NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCE BASE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY NATURAL RESOURCE USE NATURAL RESOURCES NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES ORGANIC WASTES PELAGIC FISHERIES POACHING POPULATION GROWTH POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY LINE POVERTY REDUCTION PRAWN STOCKS PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE PRESENT VALUE PRIMARY SCHOOL PRODUCTIVE ASSETS PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC GOODS QUOTAS RATIONING SYSTEMS RECLAMATION REEF REGRESSION ANALYSIS RENEWABLE RESOURCES RESERVES RISK MANAGEMENT RIVER BASINS RULE OF LAW RURAL COMMUNITIES SAFARI SAFETY NETS SANITATION SCARCE RESOURCES SOCIAL ACTION SOCIAL INEQUALITIES SOCIAL SECTORS SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL VULNERABILITY SPECIES STREAMS SUBSISTENCE LIVELIHOODS SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CHAIN SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE USE SUSTAINABLE USE TAXATION TERMS OF TRADE TIMBER TIMBER FOREST TIMBER FOREST PRODUCT TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS TOURISM TOURISM DEVELOPMENT TOURIST ATTRACTIONS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRANSPARENCY TREE TREE PLANTING TREES TUNA UNDERLYING PROBLEMS USE OF WILDLIFE VALUATION VALUE ADDED VILLAGES VULNERABILITY WATER MANAGEMENT WATER POLLUTION WATER RESOURCES WATERSHED WEALTH WILDLIFE WILDLIFE AREAS WILDLIFE CONSERVATION WILDLIFE CONSUMPTION WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH WILDLIFE RESERVES WILDLIFE RESOURCES WILDLIFE SPECIES WOODLAND
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/01/9078983/putting-tanzanias-hidden-economy-work-reform-management-protection-natural-resource-sector http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6379

Description
Summary:	This paper tells a story about conditions in Tanzania's hidden economy, the parts of the natural resource sector often ignored in conventional economic analyses and studies, and makes recommendations for future policy actions. The paper draws primarily from extensive background studies undertaken of the forestry, fishery, wildlife, mining, and tourism sub sectors (COWI 2005) as well as a wide range of complementary studies undertaken by the World Bank and others. It de-emphasizes those sectors with factors of production that are not readily traded or exported (such as land and water), although some examples are given relating to soil quality and water management based on extensive studies undertaken within the agriculture and water sectors. The story is relatively simple: pricing distortions, coupled with institutional weakness and the lack of rule of law, have created an environment that undermines economic growth. This paper also acknowledges that Tanzania has already taken positive steps to making some of the needed corrections to protect its natural resources. In recent analyses of corruption indicators world-wide (World Bank Institute 2006), Tanzanian stands out among those nations as having made significant progress towards improving accountability and reducing economic leakages. Anti-corruption legislation was drafted for parliament attention in early 2007. Revisions to the Deep Sea Fishing Authority Act were passed into law in early 2007. Moreover, changes in institutional arrangements, taxation, and general management of the resource sector show promise and have contributed positively to general economic growth. Yet, the sector remains fragile and vulnerable in other respects: perceptions of unequal income distribution, impacts of climate change, and other external influences must also be addressed to build on past successes.

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