How Does Vietnam's Accession to the World Trade Organization Change the Spatial Incidence of Poverty?

Trade policies can promote aggregate efficiency, but the ensuing structural adjustments generally create both winners and losers. From an incomes perspective, trade liberalization can raise gross domestic product per capita, but rates of emergence...

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Main Authors:	Fujii, Tomoki, Roland-Holst, David
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE TERMS ADVERSE IMPACT AGGREGATE POVERTY AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE ASSET HOLDINGS BILATERAL TRADE BULLETIN CHANGES IN POVERTY CIVIL SOCIETY CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMER PRICES CONSUMPTION POVERTY COUNTERFACTUAL COVARIANCE MATRIX CROSS COUNTRY CROSS COUNTRY REGRESSION CULTURAL CHANGE DATA SETS DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT AGENCY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DISAGGREGATED LEVEL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC LITERATURE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC SECTORS ECONOMIC SYSTEMS ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT STATUS EQUATIONS ERROR TERM ERROR TERMS ESTIMATES OF POVERTY ESTIMATION RESULTS EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORTS EXTERNAL SHOCKS FARM OUTPUT FARMERS FINANCIAL CRISIS FOOD POLICY FOOD PRICES FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD SECURITY FREE TRADE GLOBAL ECONOMY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA GROWTH POTENTIAL GROWTH RATES HEADCOUNT POVERTY HIGH GROWTH HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSING IMPACT ON POVERTY IMPERFECT COMPETITION IMPORT LIBERALIZATION IMPORT TARIFFS INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GROWTH INCOME MEASURES INCOME POVERTY INEQUALITY INEQUALITY MEASURES LABOR FORCE LABOR SUPPLY LAND HOLDINGS LIVING STANDARDS LONG RUN MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT MACROECONOMIC POLICIES MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS MACROECONOMICS MEASUREMENT OF POVERTY MEDIUM TERM MIGRATION NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL POVERTY NATIONAL POVERTY RATE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA INCOME POINT ESTIMATE POINT ESTIMATES POLICY ISSUES POLICY MAKERS POLICY REFORMS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR POOR AREAS POOR COUNTRIES POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PROVINCES POPULATION CENSUS POPULATION SHARE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY CHANGES POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY LINE POVERTY MAP POVERTY MAPPING POVERTY MAPS POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY STATUS PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHTS PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY REAL GDP REAL INCOME REDUCTION IN POVERTY REFORM POLICIES RESPECT RURAL RURAL AREA RURAL AREAS RURAL POOR SEX SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION STANDARD DEVIATION SUBSISTENCE TARGETING TARIFF BARRIERS TAXATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRADE BALANCE TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE REGIME URBAN AREAS URBAN POPULATIONS USE PER CAPITA VULNERABILITY WAGE EARNERS WAGES WELFARE MEASURES WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/02/9017475/vietnams-accession-world-trade-organization-change-spatial-incidence-poverty http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6405

id	okr-10986-6405
recordtype	oai_dc
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ABSOLUTE TERMS ADVERSE IMPACT AGGREGATE POVERTY AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE ASSET HOLDINGS BILATERAL TRADE BULLETIN CHANGES IN POVERTY CIVIL SOCIETY CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMER PRICES CONSUMPTION POVERTY COUNTERFACTUAL COVARIANCE MATRIX CROSS COUNTRY CROSS COUNTRY REGRESSION CULTURAL CHANGE DATA SETS DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT AGENCY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DISAGGREGATED LEVEL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC LITERATURE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC SECTORS ECONOMIC SYSTEMS ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT STATUS EQUATIONS ERROR TERM ERROR TERMS ESTIMATES OF POVERTY ESTIMATION RESULTS EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORTS EXTERNAL SHOCKS FARM OUTPUT FARMERS FINANCIAL CRISIS FOOD POLICY FOOD PRICES FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD SECURITY FREE TRADE GLOBAL ECONOMY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA GROWTH POTENTIAL GROWTH RATES HEADCOUNT POVERTY HIGH GROWTH HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSING IMPACT ON POVERTY IMPERFECT COMPETITION IMPORT LIBERALIZATION IMPORT TARIFFS INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GROWTH INCOME MEASURES INCOME POVERTY INEQUALITY INEQUALITY MEASURES LABOR FORCE LABOR SUPPLY LAND HOLDINGS LIVING STANDARDS LONG RUN MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT MACROECONOMIC POLICIES MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS MACROECONOMICS MEASUREMENT OF POVERTY MEDIUM TERM MIGRATION NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL POVERTY NATIONAL POVERTY RATE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA INCOME POINT ESTIMATE POINT ESTIMATES POLICY ISSUES POLICY MAKERS POLICY REFORMS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR POOR AREAS POOR COUNTRIES POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PROVINCES POPULATION CENSUS POPULATION SHARE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY CHANGES POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY LINE POVERTY MAP POVERTY MAPPING POVERTY MAPS POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY STATUS PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHTS PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY REAL GDP REAL INCOME REDUCTION IN POVERTY REFORM POLICIES RESPECT RURAL RURAL AREA RURAL AREAS RURAL POOR SEX SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION STANDARD DEVIATION SUBSISTENCE TARGETING TARIFF BARRIERS TAXATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRADE BALANCE TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE REGIME URBAN AREAS URBAN POPULATIONS USE PER CAPITA VULNERABILITY WAGE EARNERS WAGES WELFARE MEASURES WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO
spellingShingle	ABSOLUTE TERMS ADVERSE IMPACT AGGREGATE POVERTY AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE ASSET HOLDINGS BILATERAL TRADE BULLETIN CHANGES IN POVERTY CIVIL SOCIETY CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMER PRICES CONSUMPTION POVERTY COUNTERFACTUAL COVARIANCE MATRIX CROSS COUNTRY CROSS COUNTRY REGRESSION CULTURAL CHANGE DATA SETS DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT AGENCY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DISAGGREGATED LEVEL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC LITERATURE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC SECTORS ECONOMIC SYSTEMS ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT STATUS EQUATIONS ERROR TERM ERROR TERMS ESTIMATES OF POVERTY ESTIMATION RESULTS EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORTS EXTERNAL SHOCKS FARM OUTPUT FARMERS FINANCIAL CRISIS FOOD POLICY FOOD PRICES FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD SECURITY FREE TRADE GLOBAL ECONOMY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA GROWTH POTENTIAL GROWTH RATES HEADCOUNT POVERTY HIGH GROWTH HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSING IMPACT ON POVERTY IMPERFECT COMPETITION IMPORT LIBERALIZATION IMPORT TARIFFS INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GROWTH INCOME MEASURES INCOME POVERTY INEQUALITY INEQUALITY MEASURES LABOR FORCE LABOR SUPPLY LAND HOLDINGS LIVING STANDARDS LONG RUN MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT MACROECONOMIC POLICIES MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS MACROECONOMICS MEASUREMENT OF POVERTY MEDIUM TERM MIGRATION NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL POVERTY NATIONAL POVERTY RATE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA INCOME POINT ESTIMATE POINT ESTIMATES POLICY ISSUES POLICY MAKERS POLICY REFORMS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR POOR AREAS POOR COUNTRIES POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PROVINCES POPULATION CENSUS POPULATION SHARE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY CHANGES POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY LINE POVERTY MAP POVERTY MAPPING POVERTY MAPS POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY STATUS PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHTS PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY REAL GDP REAL INCOME REDUCTION IN POVERTY REFORM POLICIES RESPECT RURAL RURAL AREA RURAL AREAS RURAL POOR SEX SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION STANDARD DEVIATION SUBSISTENCE TARGETING TARIFF BARRIERS TAXATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRADE BALANCE TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE REGIME URBAN AREAS URBAN POPULATIONS USE PER CAPITA VULNERABILITY WAGE EARNERS WAGES WELFARE MEASURES WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO Fujii, Tomoki Roland-Holst, David How Does Vietnam's Accession to the World Trade Organization Change the Spatial Incidence of Poverty?
geographic_facet	East Asia and Pacific Vietnam
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4521
description	Trade policies can promote aggregate efficiency, but the ensuing structural adjustments generally create both winners and losers. From an incomes perspective, trade liberalization can raise gross domestic product per capita, but rates of emergence from poverty depend on individual household characteristics of economic participation and asset holding. To fully realize the growth potential of trade, while limiting the risk of rising inequality, policies need to better account for microeconomic heterogeneity. One approach to this is geographic targeting that shifts resources to poor areas. This study combines an integrated microsimulation-computable general equilibrium model with small area estimation to evaluate the spatial incidence of Vietnam's accession to the World Trade Organization. Provincial-level poverty reduction after full liberalization was heterogeneous, ranging from 2.2 percent to 14.3 percent. Full liberalization will benefit the poor on a national basis, but the northwestern area of Vietnam is likely to lag behind. Furthermore, poverty can be shown to increase under comparable scenarios.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Fujii, Tomoki Roland-Holst, David
author_facet	Fujii, Tomoki Roland-Holst, David
author_sort	Fujii, Tomoki
title	How Does Vietnam's Accession to the World Trade Organization Change the Spatial Incidence of Poverty?
title_short	How Does Vietnam's Accession to the World Trade Organization Change the Spatial Incidence of Poverty?
title_full	How Does Vietnam's Accession to the World Trade Organization Change the Spatial Incidence of Poverty?
title_fullStr	How Does Vietnam's Accession to the World Trade Organization Change the Spatial Incidence of Poverty?
title_full_unstemmed	How Does Vietnam's Accession to the World Trade Organization Change the Spatial Incidence of Poverty?
title_sort	how does vietnam's accession to the world trade organization change the spatial incidence of poverty?
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/02/9017475/vietnams-accession-world-trade-organization-change-spatial-incidence-poverty http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6405
_version_	1764400315318140928
spelling	okr-10986-64052021-04-23T14:02:31Z How Does Vietnam's Accession to the World Trade Organization Change the Spatial Incidence of Poverty? Fujii, Tomoki Roland-Holst, David ABSOLUTE TERMS ADVERSE IMPACT AGGREGATE POVERTY AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE ASSET HOLDINGS BILATERAL TRADE BULLETIN CHANGES IN POVERTY CIVIL SOCIETY CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMER PRICES CONSUMPTION POVERTY COUNTERFACTUAL COVARIANCE MATRIX CROSS COUNTRY CROSS COUNTRY REGRESSION CULTURAL CHANGE DATA SETS DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT AGENCY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DISAGGREGATED LEVEL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC LITERATURE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC SECTORS ECONOMIC SYSTEMS ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT STATUS EQUATIONS ERROR TERM ERROR TERMS ESTIMATES OF POVERTY ESTIMATION RESULTS EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORTS EXTERNAL SHOCKS FARM OUTPUT FARMERS FINANCIAL CRISIS FOOD POLICY FOOD PRICES FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD SECURITY FREE TRADE GLOBAL ECONOMY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA GROWTH POTENTIAL GROWTH RATES HEADCOUNT POVERTY HIGH GROWTH HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSING IMPACT ON POVERTY IMPERFECT COMPETITION IMPORT LIBERALIZATION IMPORT TARIFFS INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GROWTH INCOME MEASURES INCOME POVERTY INEQUALITY INEQUALITY MEASURES LABOR FORCE LABOR SUPPLY LAND HOLDINGS LIVING STANDARDS LONG RUN MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT MACROECONOMIC POLICIES MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS MACROECONOMICS MEASUREMENT OF POVERTY MEDIUM TERM MIGRATION NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL POVERTY NATIONAL POVERTY RATE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA INCOME POINT ESTIMATE POINT ESTIMATES POLICY ISSUES POLICY MAKERS POLICY REFORMS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR POOR AREAS POOR COUNTRIES POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PROVINCES POPULATION CENSUS POPULATION SHARE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY CHANGES POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY LINE POVERTY MAP POVERTY MAPPING POVERTY MAPS POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY STATUS PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHTS PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY REAL GDP REAL INCOME REDUCTION IN POVERTY REFORM POLICIES RESPECT RURAL RURAL AREA RURAL AREAS RURAL POOR SEX SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION STANDARD DEVIATION SUBSISTENCE TARGETING TARIFF BARRIERS TAXATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRADE BALANCE TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE REGIME URBAN AREAS URBAN POPULATIONS USE PER CAPITA VULNERABILITY WAGE EARNERS WAGES WELFARE MEASURES WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO Trade policies can promote aggregate efficiency, but the ensuing structural adjustments generally create both winners and losers. From an incomes perspective, trade liberalization can raise gross domestic product per capita, but rates of emergence from poverty depend on individual household characteristics of economic participation and asset holding. To fully realize the growth potential of trade, while limiting the risk of rising inequality, policies need to better account for microeconomic heterogeneity. One approach to this is geographic targeting that shifts resources to poor areas. This study combines an integrated microsimulation-computable general equilibrium model with small area estimation to evaluate the spatial incidence of Vietnam's accession to the World Trade Organization. Provincial-level poverty reduction after full liberalization was heterogeneous, ranging from 2.2 percent to 14.3 percent. Full liberalization will benefit the poor on a national basis, but the northwestern area of Vietnam is likely to lag behind. Furthermore, poverty can be shown to increase under comparable scenarios. 2012-05-25T14:12:40Z 2012-05-25T14:12:40Z 2008-02 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/02/9017475/vietnams-accession-world-trade-organization-change-spatial-incidence-poverty http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6405 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4521 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research East Asia and Pacific Vietnam

How Does Vietnam's Accession to the World Trade Organization Change the Spatial Incidence of Poverty?

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