Innovation, Inclusion, and Integration : From Transition to Convergence in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union

Since the fall of the Berlin Wall the transition countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have witnessed dramatic changes in outputs, the nature of jobs, standards of living, patterns of trade and the quality of education and health...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Mitra, Pradeep
Format:	Publication
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC : World Bank 2012
Subjects:	ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURE AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BANKS BENCHMARK BENCHMARKING BENCHMARKS BETWEEN-FIRM EFFECT BETWEEN-FIRM EFFECTS BUYER BUYERS CENTRAL PLANNING COMMAND ECONOMY COMMODITY COMPETITIVE MARKETS COMPETITIVE PRESSURE COMPETITIVENESS CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTIONS DIRECT INVESTMENT DISPLACED WORKERS DISPOSABLE INCOME DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRODUCERS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC BOOM ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC MOBILITY ECONOMIC RECOVERY EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GENERATION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT RATES EMPLOYMENT REPORT EMPLOYMENT STATUS EXCESS SUPPLY EXPORTS FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL DATA FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SECTORS FINANCIAL SYSTEM FINDING EMPLOYMENT FIRM ENTRY FIRM PRODUCTIVITY FIRM SIZE FIRM SIZE DISTRIBUTION FIRM TURNOVER FOREIGN COMPETITION FREE TRADE FUTURE GROWTH GDP GDP PER CAPITA GNP GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT GROWTH RATE HARD BUDGET CONSTRAINTS HEALTH SERVICES HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HOUSEHOLD SAVING HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCES INCOME INCOME TAX INCOMES INCREASE IN INCOME INDUSTRIALIZATION INFLATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION INNOVATIONS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE JOB CREATION JOB DESTRUCTION JOB DESTRUCTION RATE JOB SKILL JOB SKILLS JOB TRAINING JOB VACANCY JOBS LABOR COSTS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET NEEDS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET REFORM LABOR MARKETS LABOR MIGRATION LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LARGE FIRMS LENDERS LIFELONG LEARNING LIQUIDITY LIVING STANDARDS LONG-TERM CARE LOW EMPLOYMENT LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME LOWER INCOME MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MARKET ECONOMIES MARKET ECONOMY MARKETING MIGRANT LABOR MONOPOLY NATURAL RESOURCES NET EMPLOYMENT NEW ENTRANTS OCCUPATIONS ON-THE-JOB TRAINING OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT OUTPUTS PATENTS PENSION PENSION REFORM PENSION REFORMS PENSIONS PER CAPITA INCOMES PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE TRANSFERS PROBABILITY PRODUCTIVE INDUSTRIES PRODUCTIVITY GAINS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENTS PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS PROSPERITY PUBLIC SAVINGS PURCHASING POWER REAL WAGE REAL WAGES RECESSION REGULATORY POLICY RETAINED EARNINGS RETIREMENT RETIREMENT AGE RETIREMENT AGES RETRAINING PROGRAMS SAFETY SAFETY NET SAFETY NETS SAVINGS SELF-EMPLOYMENT SERVICE SECTOR SERVICE SECTORS SEVERANCE PAYMENTS SKILL REQUIREMENTS SKILLED WORKERS SMALLER FIRMS SOCIAL COSTS SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SAFETY NETS SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS STOCKS SUBSIDIARY SURVIVAL RATES TELECOMMUNICATIONS TELEPHONE SERVICES TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH TOTAL PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH TRADE POLICY TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPORT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED POOR UNSKILLED LABOR VALUE ADDED WAGE WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE GAINS WAGE GROWTH WAGE INCREASES WAGES WESTERN EUROPE WITHIN-FIRM EFFECT WITHIN-FIRM PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH WORKER WORKING ADULTS WORKING AGE WORKING AGE POPULATION WORKING POOR WORLD TRADE
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/01/9660471/innovation-inclusion-integration-transition-convergence-eastern-europe-former-soviet-union http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6475

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Summary:	Since the fall of the Berlin Wall the transition countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have witnessed dramatic changes in outputs, the nature of jobs, standards of living, patterns of trade and the quality of education and health services. Yet, during much of this period, institutions that shape firm behavior and outcomes, most notably the business environment, have been converging toward those in developed market economies. The countries that acceded to the European Union in 2004 are the furthest advanced in this process. The countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) are followers but are some distance behind. The six regional flagship studies produced by the Europe and Central Asia Region of the World Bank during the last five years, of which this volume is a synthesis and culmination, attest to this evolution from their particular perspectives. Those studies have covered productivity growth, the enhancement of job opportunities, trade and integration, migration and remittances, poverty and inequality and the challenges posed by aging populations. All the reports in this series offer specific policy recommendations that are intended to help the countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union promote economic growth and foster higher living standards in the rapidly changing world in which they are undertaking the transition to a market economy.

Innovation, Inclusion, and Integration : From Transition to Convergence in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union

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