Informal Payments and Moonlighting in Tajikistan's Health Sector
This paper studies the relationship between gender and corruption in the health sector. It uses data collected directly from health workers, during a recent public expenditure tracking survey in Tajikistan's health sector. Using informal payme...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9073869/informal-payments-moonlighting-tajikistans-health-sector http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6569 |
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okr-10986-65692021-04-23T14:02:31Z Informal Payments and Moonlighting in Tajikistan's Health Sector Dabalen, Andrew Wane, Waly ABUSE ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESSIBILITY ACCESSIBILITY OF CARE AGGRESSIVE BRIBE BRIBES CORRUPTION CRIME DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS DOCTOR DOCTORS DRUGS ECONOMIC DECISIONS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC REVIEW EDUCATION LEVEL EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES EQUALITY EXCLUSION EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES EXPOSURE EXTORTION FATHER FATHERS FEMALE FINANCIAL SYSTEM FINANCING OF HEALTH CARE FISCAL CAPACITY GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCE GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDERS HEALTH AFFAIRS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE NEEDS HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH NEEDS HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH PLANNING HEALTH POLICY HEALTH RESOURCES HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SECTOR REFORM HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH WORKERS HOUSEHOLDS HUSBANDS ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES ILLEGAL ACTIVITY ILLNESSES INEQUALITY INFANT HEALTH INFORMAL PAYMENTS INTERNATIONAL BANK LOW INCOME MEDICAL ETHICS MEDICAL SERVICES MEDICINE NURSE NURSES PATIENTS PAYMENTS FOR HEALTH CARE POCKET PAYMENTS POLICY RESEARCH PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRIVATE SECTOR PROVISION OF CARE PSYCHOLOGIST PSYCHOLOGISTS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH CARE PUBLIC HEALTH PROVIDERS PUBLIC PROVIDERS PUBLIC SECTOR RECEIPT RISK-TAKING SEX SEXUALITY SOCIAL CAPITAL SOURCE OF INCOME SOURCE OF INFORMATION UNEMPLOYMENT USER FEES VICTIMS VILLAGE VILLAGES WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WOMAN WORKERS WORKPLACE This paper studies the relationship between gender and corruption in the health sector. It uses data collected directly from health workers, during a recent public expenditure tracking survey in Tajikistan's health sector. Using informal payments as an indicator of corruption, women seem at first significantly less corrupt than men as consistently suggested by the literature. However, once power conferred by position is controlled for, women appear in fact equally likely to take advantage of corruption opportunities as men. Female-headed facilities also are not less likely to experience informal charging than facilities managed by men. However, women are significantly less aggressive in the amount they extract from patients. The paper provides evidence that workers are more likely to engage in informal charging the farther they fall short of their perceived fair-wage, adding weight to the fair wage-corruption hypothesis. Finally, there is some evidence that health workers who feel that health care should be provided for a fee are more likely to informally charge patients. Contrary to informal charging, moonlighting behavior displays strong gender differences. Women are significantly less likely to work outside the facility on average and across types of health workers. 2012-05-29T17:45:46Z 2012-05-29T17:45:46Z 2008-03 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9073869/informal-payments-moonlighting-tajikistans-health-sector http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6569 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4555 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Europe and Central Asia Tajikistan |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ABUSE ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESSIBILITY ACCESSIBILITY OF CARE AGGRESSIVE BRIBE BRIBES CORRUPTION CRIME DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS DOCTOR DOCTORS DRUGS ECONOMIC DECISIONS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC REVIEW EDUCATION LEVEL EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES EQUALITY EXCLUSION EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES EXPOSURE EXTORTION FATHER FATHERS FEMALE FINANCIAL SYSTEM FINANCING OF HEALTH CARE FISCAL CAPACITY GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCE GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDERS HEALTH AFFAIRS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE NEEDS HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH NEEDS HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH PLANNING HEALTH POLICY HEALTH RESOURCES HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SECTOR REFORM HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH WORKERS HOUSEHOLDS HUSBANDS ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES ILLEGAL ACTIVITY ILLNESSES INEQUALITY INFANT HEALTH INFORMAL PAYMENTS INTERNATIONAL BANK LOW INCOME MEDICAL ETHICS MEDICAL SERVICES MEDICINE NURSE NURSES PATIENTS PAYMENTS FOR HEALTH CARE POCKET PAYMENTS POLICY RESEARCH PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRIVATE SECTOR PROVISION OF CARE PSYCHOLOGIST PSYCHOLOGISTS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH CARE PUBLIC HEALTH PROVIDERS PUBLIC PROVIDERS PUBLIC SECTOR RECEIPT RISK-TAKING SEX SEXUALITY SOCIAL CAPITAL SOURCE OF INCOME SOURCE OF INFORMATION UNEMPLOYMENT USER FEES VICTIMS VILLAGE VILLAGES WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WOMAN WORKERS WORKPLACE |
| spellingShingle |
ABUSE ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESSIBILITY ACCESSIBILITY OF CARE AGGRESSIVE BRIBE BRIBES CORRUPTION CRIME DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS DOCTOR DOCTORS DRUGS ECONOMIC DECISIONS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC REVIEW EDUCATION LEVEL EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES EQUALITY EXCLUSION EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES EXPOSURE EXTORTION FATHER FATHERS FEMALE FINANCIAL SYSTEM FINANCING OF HEALTH CARE FISCAL CAPACITY GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCE GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDERS HEALTH AFFAIRS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE NEEDS HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH NEEDS HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH PLANNING HEALTH POLICY HEALTH RESOURCES HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SECTOR REFORM HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH WORKERS HOUSEHOLDS HUSBANDS ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES ILLEGAL ACTIVITY ILLNESSES INEQUALITY INFANT HEALTH INFORMAL PAYMENTS INTERNATIONAL BANK LOW INCOME MEDICAL ETHICS MEDICAL SERVICES MEDICINE NURSE NURSES PATIENTS PAYMENTS FOR HEALTH CARE POCKET PAYMENTS POLICY RESEARCH PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRIVATE SECTOR PROVISION OF CARE PSYCHOLOGIST PSYCHOLOGISTS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH CARE PUBLIC HEALTH PROVIDERS PUBLIC PROVIDERS PUBLIC SECTOR RECEIPT RISK-TAKING SEX SEXUALITY SOCIAL CAPITAL SOURCE OF INCOME SOURCE OF INFORMATION UNEMPLOYMENT USER FEES VICTIMS VILLAGE VILLAGES WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WOMAN WORKERS WORKPLACE Dabalen, Andrew Wane, Waly Informal Payments and Moonlighting in Tajikistan's Health Sector |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Tajikistan |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4555 |
| description |
This paper studies the relationship
between gender and corruption in the health sector. It uses
data collected directly from health workers, during a recent
public expenditure tracking survey in Tajikistan's
health sector. Using informal payments as an indicator of
corruption, women seem at first significantly less corrupt
than men as consistently suggested by the literature.
However, once power conferred by position is controlled for,
women appear in fact equally likely to take advantage of
corruption opportunities as men. Female-headed facilities
also are not less likely to experience informal charging
than facilities managed by men. However, women are
significantly less aggressive in the amount they extract
from patients. The paper provides evidence that workers are
more likely to engage in informal charging the farther they
fall short of their perceived fair-wage, adding weight to
the fair wage-corruption hypothesis. Finally, there is some
evidence that health workers who feel that health care
should be provided for a fee are more likely to informally
charge patients. Contrary to informal charging, moonlighting
behavior displays strong gender differences. Women are
significantly less likely to work outside the facility on
average and across types of health workers. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Dabalen, Andrew Wane, Waly |
| author_facet |
Dabalen, Andrew Wane, Waly |
| author_sort |
Dabalen, Andrew |
| title |
Informal Payments and Moonlighting in Tajikistan's Health Sector |
| title_short |
Informal Payments and Moonlighting in Tajikistan's Health Sector |
| title_full |
Informal Payments and Moonlighting in Tajikistan's Health Sector |
| title_fullStr |
Informal Payments and Moonlighting in Tajikistan's Health Sector |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Informal Payments and Moonlighting in Tajikistan's Health Sector |
| title_sort |
informal payments and moonlighting in tajikistan's health sector |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9073869/informal-payments-moonlighting-tajikistans-health-sector http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6569 |
| _version_ |
1764400525243056128 |