How to Interpret the Growing Phenomenon of Private Tutoring : Human Capital Deepening, Inequality Increasing, or Waste of Resources?
Private tutoring is now a major component of the education sector in many developing countries, yet education policy too seldom acknowledges and makes use of it. Various criticisms have been raised against private tutoring, most notably that it exa...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/02/9032892/interpret-growing-phenomenon-private-tutoring-human-capital-deepening-inequality-increasing-or-waste-resources http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6587 |
| Summary: | Private tutoring is now a major
component of the education sector in many developing
countries, yet education policy too seldom acknowledges and
makes use of it. Various criticisms have been raised against
private tutoring, most notably that it exacerbates social
inequalities and may even fail to improve student outcomes.
This paper surveys the literature for evidence on private
tutoring-the extent of the tutoring phenomenon, the factors
that explain its growth, and its cost-effectiveness in
improving student academic performance. It also presents a
framework for assessing the efficiency and equity effects of
tutoring. It concludes that tutoring can raise the
effectiveness of the education system under certain
reasonable assumptions, even taking into account equity
concerns, and it offers guidance for attacking corruption
and other problems that diminish the contributions of the
tutoring sector. |
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