Are There Lasting Impacts of Aid to Poor Areas? Evidence from Rural China

The paper revisits the site of a large, World Bank-financed, rural development program in China 10 years after it began and four years after disbursements ended. The program emphasized community participation in multi-sectoral interventions (includ...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chen, Shaohua, Mu, Ren, Ravallion, Martin
Format: Policy Research Working Paper
Language:English
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:
CD
ICR
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9049219/lasting-impacts-aid-poor-areas-evidence-rural-china
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6590
id okr-10986-6590
recordtype oai_dc
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
topic ACCESS TO CREDIT
ACCESS TO SERVICES
ACCOUNTING
ACCURATE ESTIMATES
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT BANK
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
AID EFFECTIVENESS
ANNUAL INCOME
ANNUAL RETURNS
ANTI-POVERTY
ANTI-POVERTY POLICIES
ARBITRAGE
ASSETS
AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT
BANK LOANS
BENEFICIARY
BIASES
CALCULATIONS
CAPITAL MARKETS
CAPITAL STOCKS
CAPITAL-MARKET
CASH EXPENDITURE
CASH TRANSFERS
CD
COMMODITIES
COMMUNITY GROUPS
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS
CONSTRAINTS ON ACCESS
CONTINGENCIES
CONTRIBUTION
COUNTERFACTUAL
CREDIT CONSTRAINTS
CREDIT MARKET
CREDIT MARKET FAILURES
DAY-CARE
DEBT
DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
DRINKING WATER
ECONOMETRICS
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC RESEARCH
ECONOMIC THEORY
EDUCATION LEVEL
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
ENDOWMENTS
ENROLLMENT
ENROLMENT RATES
ETHNIC MINORITIES
EVALUATION METHODS
EXPENDITURES
EXTREME POVERTY
FAMILY MEMBER
FAMILY MEMBERS
FARM EMPLOYMENT
FARM ENTERPRISES
FARM INCOME
FARM PRODUCTIVITY
FARMERS
FOOD STAPLES
FORM OF CREDIT
FORM OF SAVING
FUTURE INCOME
GENDER
GROWTH RATE
HEALTH INSURANCE
HOUSEHOLD HEAD
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLD PARTICIPATION
HOUSEHOLD SAVING
HOUSEHOLD SIZE
HOUSEHOLD SURVEY
HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
HOUSEHOLDS
ICR
IMPACT EVALUATION
IMPACT ON POVERTY
IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION REPORT
INCOME
INCOME GAINS
INCOME GROUP
INCOME IMPACTS
INCOME INEQUALITY
INCOME LEVELS
INCOME POVERTY
INCOMES
INEQUALITIES
INEQUALITY
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS
INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
INSURANCE
INTEREST PAYMENTS
INTEREST RATE
INTEREST RATES
INTERVENTION
IRRIGATION
JOB TRAINING
LABOR MOBILITY
LACK OF CAPITAL
LAND QUALITY
LIQUIDITY
LOAN
LOAN ACTIVITY
LOAN AMOUNTS
LOAN REPAYMENT
LOAN REPAYMENTS
LOW INCOME
LOW-INCOME
LOW-INCOME GROUP
MARGINAL PRODUCT
MARGINAL PRODUCTS
MARKET FAILURES
MATCHING METHODS
MIGRANT WORKERS
OUTCOME INDICATORS
PARTICIPATORY PROCESSES
PERMANENT INCOME
PERMANENT INCOME HYPOTHESIS
POLITICAL ECONOMY
POOR
POOR AREAS
POOR COUNTRIES
POOR INFRASTRUCTURE
POVERTY IMPACT
POVERTY IMPACTS
POVERTY INCIDENCE
POVERTY INDEX
POVERTY LINE
POVERTY LINES
POVERTY MEASURES
POVERTY MONITORING
POVERTY POLICIES
POVERTY POVERTY
POVERTY RATE
POVERTY RATES
POVERTY REDUCTION
POVERTY REDUCTION PROJECT
PRECAUTIONARY SAVING
PRECAUTIONARY SAVINGS
PRIVATE INVESTMENT
PROBABILITY
PRODUCTION COSTS
PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS
PRODUCTION INPUTS
PRODUCTIVE ASSETS
PROGRAMS
PUBLIC ECONOMICS
PUBLIC GOODS
PUBLIC SPENDING
PURCHASING POWER
PURCHASING POWER PARITY
QUESTIONNAIRES
RATE OF INTEREST
RATE OF RETURN
RATES OF INTEREST
REFLEXIVE COMPARISONS
REGIONAL POVERTY
RELEVANT POPULATION
REMITTANCES
REMOTE VILLAGES
REPAYMENT
REPAYMENT RATES
REPAYMENTS
RURAL
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
RURAL ECONOMY
RURAL HOUSEHOLD
RURAL LIVING STANDARDS
RURAL ROADS
SALE
SAVINGS
SAVINGS RATE
SELECTION BIAS
SOCIAL SERVICES
SOURCES OF CREDIT
SOURCES OF FINANCE
TARGETING
TEACHER TRAINING
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
TOTAL COST
TOTAL REVENUE
TRAINING PROGRAM
TREATMENT EFFECTS
TUITION
TYPES OF LOANS
URBAN AREAS
VILLAGE
VILLAGE CHARACTERISTICS
WAGE
WAGE INCOME
WEALTH
spellingShingle ACCESS TO CREDIT
ACCESS TO SERVICES
ACCOUNTING
ACCURATE ESTIMATES
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT BANK
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
AID EFFECTIVENESS
ANNUAL INCOME
ANNUAL RETURNS
ANTI-POVERTY
ANTI-POVERTY POLICIES
ARBITRAGE
ASSETS
AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT
BANK LOANS
BENEFICIARY
BIASES
CALCULATIONS
CAPITAL MARKETS
CAPITAL STOCKS
CAPITAL-MARKET
CASH EXPENDITURE
CASH TRANSFERS
CD
COMMODITIES
COMMUNITY GROUPS
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS
CONSTRAINTS ON ACCESS
CONTINGENCIES
CONTRIBUTION
COUNTERFACTUAL
CREDIT CONSTRAINTS
CREDIT MARKET
CREDIT MARKET FAILURES
DAY-CARE
DEBT
DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
DRINKING WATER
ECONOMETRICS
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC RESEARCH
ECONOMIC THEORY
EDUCATION LEVEL
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
ENDOWMENTS
ENROLLMENT
ENROLMENT RATES
ETHNIC MINORITIES
EVALUATION METHODS
EXPENDITURES
EXTREME POVERTY
FAMILY MEMBER
FAMILY MEMBERS
FARM EMPLOYMENT
FARM ENTERPRISES
FARM INCOME
FARM PRODUCTIVITY
FARMERS
FOOD STAPLES
FORM OF CREDIT
FORM OF SAVING
FUTURE INCOME
GENDER
GROWTH RATE
HEALTH INSURANCE
HOUSEHOLD HEAD
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLD PARTICIPATION
HOUSEHOLD SAVING
HOUSEHOLD SIZE
HOUSEHOLD SURVEY
HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
HOUSEHOLDS
ICR
IMPACT EVALUATION
IMPACT ON POVERTY
IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION REPORT
INCOME
INCOME GAINS
INCOME GROUP
INCOME IMPACTS
INCOME INEQUALITY
INCOME LEVELS
INCOME POVERTY
INCOMES
INEQUALITIES
INEQUALITY
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS
INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
INSURANCE
INTEREST PAYMENTS
INTEREST RATE
INTEREST RATES
INTERVENTION
IRRIGATION
JOB TRAINING
LABOR MOBILITY
LACK OF CAPITAL
LAND QUALITY
LIQUIDITY
LOAN
LOAN ACTIVITY
LOAN AMOUNTS
LOAN REPAYMENT
LOAN REPAYMENTS
LOW INCOME
LOW-INCOME
LOW-INCOME GROUP
MARGINAL PRODUCT
MARGINAL PRODUCTS
MARKET FAILURES
MATCHING METHODS
MIGRANT WORKERS
OUTCOME INDICATORS
PARTICIPATORY PROCESSES
PERMANENT INCOME
PERMANENT INCOME HYPOTHESIS
POLITICAL ECONOMY
POOR
POOR AREAS
POOR COUNTRIES
POOR INFRASTRUCTURE
POVERTY IMPACT
POVERTY IMPACTS
POVERTY INCIDENCE
POVERTY INDEX
POVERTY LINE
POVERTY LINES
POVERTY MEASURES
POVERTY MONITORING
POVERTY POLICIES
POVERTY POVERTY
POVERTY RATE
POVERTY RATES
POVERTY REDUCTION
POVERTY REDUCTION PROJECT
PRECAUTIONARY SAVING
PRECAUTIONARY SAVINGS
PRIVATE INVESTMENT
PROBABILITY
PRODUCTION COSTS
PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS
PRODUCTION INPUTS
PRODUCTIVE ASSETS
PROGRAMS
PUBLIC ECONOMICS
PUBLIC GOODS
PUBLIC SPENDING
PURCHASING POWER
PURCHASING POWER PARITY
QUESTIONNAIRES
RATE OF INTEREST
RATE OF RETURN
RATES OF INTEREST
REFLEXIVE COMPARISONS
REGIONAL POVERTY
RELEVANT POPULATION
REMITTANCES
REMOTE VILLAGES
REPAYMENT
REPAYMENT RATES
REPAYMENTS
RURAL
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
RURAL ECONOMY
RURAL HOUSEHOLD
RURAL LIVING STANDARDS
RURAL ROADS
SALE
SAVINGS
SAVINGS RATE
SELECTION BIAS
SOCIAL SERVICES
SOURCES OF CREDIT
SOURCES OF FINANCE
TARGETING
TEACHER TRAINING
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
TOTAL COST
TOTAL REVENUE
TRAINING PROGRAM
TREATMENT EFFECTS
TUITION
TYPES OF LOANS
URBAN AREAS
VILLAGE
VILLAGE CHARACTERISTICS
WAGE
WAGE INCOME
WEALTH
Chen, Shaohua
Mu, Ren
Ravallion, Martin
Are There Lasting Impacts of Aid to Poor Areas? Evidence from Rural China
geographic_facet East Asia and Pacific
China
relation Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4084
description The paper revisits the site of a large, World Bank-financed, rural development program in China 10 years after it began and four years after disbursements ended. The program emphasized community participation in multi-sectoral interventions (including farming, animal husbandry, infrastructure and social services). Data were collected on 2,000 households in project and nonproject areas, spanning 10 years. A double-difference estimator of the program's impact (on top of pre-existing governmental programs) reveals sizeable short-term income gains that were mostly saved. Only modest gains to mean consumption emerged in the longer term-in rough accord with the gain to permanent income. Certain types of households gained more than others. The educated poor were under-covered by the community-based selection process-greatly reducing overall impact. The main results are robust to corrections for various sources of selection bias, including village targeting and interference due to spillover effects generated by the response of local governments to the external aid.
format Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author Chen, Shaohua
Mu, Ren
Ravallion, Martin
author_facet Chen, Shaohua
Mu, Ren
Ravallion, Martin
author_sort Chen, Shaohua
title Are There Lasting Impacts of Aid to Poor Areas? Evidence from Rural China
title_short Are There Lasting Impacts of Aid to Poor Areas? Evidence from Rural China
title_full Are There Lasting Impacts of Aid to Poor Areas? Evidence from Rural China
title_fullStr Are There Lasting Impacts of Aid to Poor Areas? Evidence from Rural China
title_full_unstemmed Are There Lasting Impacts of Aid to Poor Areas? Evidence from Rural China
title_sort are there lasting impacts of aid to poor areas? evidence from rural china
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2012
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9049219/lasting-impacts-aid-poor-areas-evidence-rural-china
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6590
_version_ 1764400575423709184
spelling okr-10986-65902021-04-23T14:02:31Z Are There Lasting Impacts of Aid to Poor Areas? Evidence from Rural China Chen, Shaohua Mu, Ren Ravallion, Martin ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO SERVICES ACCOUNTING ACCURATE ESTIMATES AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT BANK AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AID EFFECTIVENESS ANNUAL INCOME ANNUAL RETURNS ANTI-POVERTY ANTI-POVERTY POLICIES ARBITRAGE ASSETS AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT BANK LOANS BENEFICIARY BIASES CALCULATIONS CAPITAL MARKETS CAPITAL STOCKS CAPITAL-MARKET CASH EXPENDITURE CASH TRANSFERS CD COMMODITIES COMMUNITY GROUPS COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS CONSTRAINTS ON ACCESS CONTINGENCIES CONTRIBUTION COUNTERFACTUAL CREDIT CONSTRAINTS CREDIT MARKET CREDIT MARKET FAILURES DAY-CARE DEBT DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS DRINKING WATER ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC THEORY EDUCATION LEVEL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ENDOWMENTS ENROLLMENT ENROLMENT RATES ETHNIC MINORITIES EVALUATION METHODS EXPENDITURES EXTREME POVERTY FAMILY MEMBER FAMILY MEMBERS FARM EMPLOYMENT FARM ENTERPRISES FARM INCOME FARM PRODUCTIVITY FARMERS FOOD STAPLES FORM OF CREDIT FORM OF SAVING FUTURE INCOME GENDER GROWTH RATE HEALTH INSURANCE HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD PARTICIPATION HOUSEHOLD SAVING HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLDS ICR IMPACT EVALUATION IMPACT ON POVERTY IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION REPORT INCOME INCOME GAINS INCOME GROUP INCOME IMPACTS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME POVERTY INCOMES INEQUALITIES INEQUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS INSURANCE INTEREST PAYMENTS INTEREST RATE INTEREST RATES INTERVENTION IRRIGATION JOB TRAINING LABOR MOBILITY LACK OF CAPITAL LAND QUALITY LIQUIDITY LOAN LOAN ACTIVITY LOAN AMOUNTS LOAN REPAYMENT LOAN REPAYMENTS LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME LOW-INCOME GROUP MARGINAL PRODUCT MARGINAL PRODUCTS MARKET FAILURES MATCHING METHODS MIGRANT WORKERS OUTCOME INDICATORS PARTICIPATORY PROCESSES PERMANENT INCOME PERMANENT INCOME HYPOTHESIS POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR AREAS POOR COUNTRIES POOR INFRASTRUCTURE POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY IMPACTS POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY INDEX POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY MONITORING POVERTY POLICIES POVERTY POVERTY POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION PROJECT PRECAUTIONARY SAVING PRECAUTIONARY SAVINGS PRIVATE INVESTMENT PROBABILITY PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS PRODUCTION INPUTS PRODUCTIVE ASSETS PROGRAMS PUBLIC ECONOMICS PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC SPENDING PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY QUESTIONNAIRES RATE OF INTEREST RATE OF RETURN RATES OF INTEREST REFLEXIVE COMPARISONS REGIONAL POVERTY RELEVANT POPULATION REMITTANCES REMOTE VILLAGES REPAYMENT REPAYMENT RATES REPAYMENTS RURAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL ECONOMY RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL LIVING STANDARDS RURAL ROADS SALE SAVINGS SAVINGS RATE SELECTION BIAS SOCIAL SERVICES SOURCES OF CREDIT SOURCES OF FINANCE TARGETING TEACHER TRAINING TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOTAL COST TOTAL REVENUE TRAINING PROGRAM TREATMENT EFFECTS TUITION TYPES OF LOANS URBAN AREAS VILLAGE VILLAGE CHARACTERISTICS WAGE WAGE INCOME WEALTH The paper revisits the site of a large, World Bank-financed, rural development program in China 10 years after it began and four years after disbursements ended. The program emphasized community participation in multi-sectoral interventions (including farming, animal husbandry, infrastructure and social services). Data were collected on 2,000 households in project and nonproject areas, spanning 10 years. A double-difference estimator of the program's impact (on top of pre-existing governmental programs) reveals sizeable short-term income gains that were mostly saved. Only modest gains to mean consumption emerged in the longer term-in rough accord with the gain to permanent income. Certain types of households gained more than others. The educated poor were under-covered by the community-based selection process-greatly reducing overall impact. The main results are robust to corrections for various sources of selection bias, including village targeting and interference due to spillover effects generated by the response of local governments to the external aid. 2012-05-29T18:54:03Z 2012-05-29T18:54:03Z 2008-03 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9049219/lasting-impacts-aid-poor-areas-evidence-rural-china http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6590 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4084 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research East Asia and Pacific China