Poverty Alleviation and Child Labor
Does child labor decrease as household income rises? This question has important implications for the design of policy on child labor. This paper focuses on a program of unconditional cash transfers in Ecuador. It argues that the effect of a small...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/08/9798706/poverty-alleviation-child-labor http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6777 |
| id |
okr-10986-6777 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| spelling |
okr-10986-67772021-04-23T14:02:32Z Poverty Alleviation and Child Labor Edmonds, Eric V. Schady, Norbert ACCOUNT CHILD DEVELOPMENT CHILD EDUCATION CHILD LABOR CHILD LABOUR DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMICS EDUCATION EXPENDITURES EDUCATION SPENDING EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENROLLMENT EQUALITY EQUILIBRIUM WAGES FAMILIES FAMILY LIVING FEMALE FORMAL LABOR MARKET GENDER GIRLS GIRLS INTO SCHOOL HOME HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCOME LABOR DEMAND LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LEARNING LEARNING MATERIALS LIVING STANDARDS MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA OLDER CHILDREN OPPORTUNITY COSTS PARTICIPATION RATES POLITICAL ECONOMY PRIMARY COMPLETION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN PRODUCTIVITY RURAL AREAS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL TO WORK TRANSITION SCHOOLING WAGES WILL WORKING CHILDREN YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNGER CHILDREN Does child labor decrease as household income rises? This question has important implications for the design of policy on child labor. This paper focuses on a program of unconditional cash transfers in Ecuador. It argues that the effect of a small increase in household income on child labor should be concentrated among children most vulnerable to transitioning from schooling to work. The paper finds support for this hypothesis. Cash transfers have small effects on child time allocation at peak school attendance ages and among children already out of school at baseline, but have large impacts at ages and in groups most likely to leave school and start work. Additional income is associated with a decline in paid work that takes place away from the child's home. Declines in work for pay are associated with increases in school enrollment, especially for girls. Increases in schooling are matched by an increase in education expenditures that appears to absorb most of the cash transfer. However, total household expenditures do not increase with the transfer and appear to fall in households most impacted by the transfer because of the decline in child labor. 2012-05-31T19:06:00Z 2012-05-31T19:06:00Z 2008-08 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/08/9798706/poverty-alleviation-child-labor http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6777 English Policy Research Working Paper No. 4702 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Latin America & Caribbean Ecuador |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACCOUNT CHILD DEVELOPMENT CHILD EDUCATION CHILD LABOR CHILD LABOUR DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMICS EDUCATION EXPENDITURES EDUCATION SPENDING EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENROLLMENT EQUALITY EQUILIBRIUM WAGES FAMILIES FAMILY LIVING FEMALE FORMAL LABOR MARKET GENDER GIRLS GIRLS INTO SCHOOL HOME HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCOME LABOR DEMAND LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LEARNING LEARNING MATERIALS LIVING STANDARDS MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA OLDER CHILDREN OPPORTUNITY COSTS PARTICIPATION RATES POLITICAL ECONOMY PRIMARY COMPLETION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN PRODUCTIVITY RURAL AREAS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL TO WORK TRANSITION SCHOOLING WAGES WILL WORKING CHILDREN YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNGER CHILDREN |
| spellingShingle |
ACCOUNT CHILD DEVELOPMENT CHILD EDUCATION CHILD LABOR CHILD LABOUR DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMICS EDUCATION EXPENDITURES EDUCATION SPENDING EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENROLLMENT EQUALITY EQUILIBRIUM WAGES FAMILIES FAMILY LIVING FEMALE FORMAL LABOR MARKET GENDER GIRLS GIRLS INTO SCHOOL HOME HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCOME LABOR DEMAND LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LEARNING LEARNING MATERIALS LIVING STANDARDS MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA OLDER CHILDREN OPPORTUNITY COSTS PARTICIPATION RATES POLITICAL ECONOMY PRIMARY COMPLETION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN PRODUCTIVITY RURAL AREAS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL TO WORK TRANSITION SCHOOLING WAGES WILL WORKING CHILDREN YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNGER CHILDREN Edmonds, Eric V. Schady, Norbert Poverty Alleviation and Child Labor |
| geographic_facet |
Latin America & Caribbean Ecuador |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper No. 4702 |
| description |
Does child labor decrease as household
income rises? This question has important implications for
the design of policy on child labor. This paper focuses on a
program of unconditional cash transfers in Ecuador. It
argues that the effect of a small increase in household
income on child labor should be concentrated among children
most vulnerable to transitioning from schooling to work. The
paper finds support for this hypothesis. Cash transfers have
small effects on child time allocation at peak school
attendance ages and among children already out of school at
baseline, but have large impacts at ages and in groups most
likely to leave school and start work. Additional income is
associated with a decline in paid work that takes place away
from the child's home. Declines in work for pay are
associated with increases in school enrollment, especially
for girls. Increases in schooling are matched by an increase
in education expenditures that appears to absorb most of the
cash transfer. However, total household expenditures do not
increase with the transfer and appear to fall in households
most impacted by the transfer because of the decline in
child labor. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Edmonds, Eric V. Schady, Norbert |
| author_facet |
Edmonds, Eric V. Schady, Norbert |
| author_sort |
Edmonds, Eric V. |
| title |
Poverty Alleviation and Child Labor |
| title_short |
Poverty Alleviation and Child Labor |
| title_full |
Poverty Alleviation and Child Labor |
| title_fullStr |
Poverty Alleviation and Child Labor |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Poverty Alleviation and Child Labor |
| title_sort |
poverty alleviation and child labor |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/08/9798706/poverty-alleviation-child-labor http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6777 |
| _version_ |
1764401057613479936 |