Civil War, Crop Failure, and Child Stunting in Rwanda

Economic shocks at birth have lasting effects on children's health several years after the shock. The authors calculate height for age z-scores for children under age five using data from a Rwandan nationally representative household survey co...

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Main Authors:	Akresh, Richard, Verwimp, Philip, Bundervoet, Tom
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ADULT MORTALITY ADULTHOOD AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY ARMED CONFLICT ASSET HOLDINGS CASH CROP CHALLENGES OF POPULATION CHILD HEALTH CHILD SURVIVAL CHRONIC MALNUTRITION CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING CROPS CULTURAL CHANGE DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISABILITY EARLY CHILDHOOD ECONOMIC SHOCKS EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ETHNIC GROUPS FAMILY RESOURCES FAMINE FARM HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOME FARM OUTPUT FARM SIZE FARMERS FEMALE MORTALITY FERTILITY FOOD FOOD CROP FOOD CROP PRODUCTION FOOD PRODUCTION FOOD SECURITY FOOD STAPLES GENDER BIAS GENDER DIFFERENCES GENOCIDE GIRLS GRASS-ROOTS HEALTH HEALTH TRENDS HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD LEVEL DATA HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION HUMAN RIGHTS HUSBANDS IMPACT ON CHILDREN INEQUALITY INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFORMATION SYSTEMS INVESTIGATION LAND DEGRADATION LAND SIZE LANDHOLDINGS LIVING CONDITIONS MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS MEDICAL CARE MIGRATION MOTHER NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NUMBER OF DEATHS NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS NUTRITION NUTRITIONAL STATUS OLD-AGE PANDEMIC PARENTS PEACE PENSIONS PHYSICAL DISABILITY POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR HOUSEHOLD POOR HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION PRESSURE POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY REDUCTION PRACTITIONERS PRENATAL CARE PROGRESS REFUGEE REFUGEES RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RISK SHARING RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLDS SEX SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS STATE UNIVERSITY SUICIDE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE VICTIMS WARS YOUNG CHILDREN
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/04/7537796/civil-war-crop-failure-child-stunting-rwanda http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7016

id	okr-10986-7016
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-70162021-04-23T14:02:33Z Civil War, Crop Failure, and Child Stunting in Rwanda Akresh, Richard Verwimp, Philip Bundervoet, Tom ADULT MORTALITY ADULTHOOD AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY ARMED CONFLICT ASSET HOLDINGS CASH CROP CHALLENGES OF POPULATION CHILD HEALTH CHILD SURVIVAL CHRONIC MALNUTRITION CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING CROPS CULTURAL CHANGE DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISABILITY EARLY CHILDHOOD ECONOMIC SHOCKS EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ETHNIC GROUPS FAMILY RESOURCES FAMINE FARM HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOME FARM OUTPUT FARM SIZE FARMERS FEMALE MORTALITY FERTILITY FOOD FOOD CROP FOOD CROP PRODUCTION FOOD PRODUCTION FOOD SECURITY FOOD STAPLES GENDER BIAS GENDER DIFFERENCES GENOCIDE GIRLS GRASS-ROOTS HEALTH HEALTH TRENDS HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD LEVEL DATA HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION HUMAN RIGHTS HUSBANDS IMPACT ON CHILDREN INEQUALITY INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFORMATION SYSTEMS INVESTIGATION LAND DEGRADATION LAND SIZE LANDHOLDINGS LIVING CONDITIONS MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS MEDICAL CARE MIGRATION MOTHER NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NUMBER OF DEATHS NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS NUTRITION NUTRITIONAL STATUS OLD-AGE PANDEMIC PARENTS PEACE PENSIONS PHYSICAL DISABILITY POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR HOUSEHOLD POOR HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION PRESSURE POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY REDUCTION PRACTITIONERS PRENATAL CARE PROGRESS REFUGEE REFUGEES RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RISK SHARING RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLDS SEX SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS STATE UNIVERSITY SUICIDE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE VICTIMS WARS YOUNG CHILDREN Economic shocks at birth have lasting effects on children's health several years after the shock. The authors calculate height for age z-scores for children under age five using data from a Rwandan nationally representative household survey conducted in 1992. They exploit district and time variation in crop failure and civil conflict to measure the impact of exogenous shocks that children experience at birth on their height several years later. They find that boys and girls born after the shock in regions experiencing civil conflict are both negatively affected with height for age z-scores 0.30 and 0.72 standard deviations lower, respectively. Conversely, only girls are negatively affected by crop failure, with these girls exhibiting 0.41 standard deviation lower height for age z-scores and the impact is worse for girls in poor households. Results are robust to using sibling difference estimators, household level production, and rainfall shocks as alternative measures of crop failure. 2012-06-04T18:03:41Z 2012-06-04T18:03:41Z 2007-04 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/04/7537796/civil-war-crop-failure-child-stunting-rwanda http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7016 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4208 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Africa Rwanda
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ADULT MORTALITY ADULTHOOD AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY ARMED CONFLICT ASSET HOLDINGS CASH CROP CHALLENGES OF POPULATION CHILD HEALTH CHILD SURVIVAL CHRONIC MALNUTRITION CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING CROPS CULTURAL CHANGE DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISABILITY EARLY CHILDHOOD ECONOMIC SHOCKS EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ETHNIC GROUPS FAMILY RESOURCES FAMINE FARM HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOME FARM OUTPUT FARM SIZE FARMERS FEMALE MORTALITY FERTILITY FOOD FOOD CROP FOOD CROP PRODUCTION FOOD PRODUCTION FOOD SECURITY FOOD STAPLES GENDER BIAS GENDER DIFFERENCES GENOCIDE GIRLS GRASS-ROOTS HEALTH HEALTH TRENDS HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD LEVEL DATA HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION HUMAN RIGHTS HUSBANDS IMPACT ON CHILDREN INEQUALITY INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFORMATION SYSTEMS INVESTIGATION LAND DEGRADATION LAND SIZE LANDHOLDINGS LIVING CONDITIONS MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS MEDICAL CARE MIGRATION MOTHER NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NUMBER OF DEATHS NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS NUTRITION NUTRITIONAL STATUS OLD-AGE PANDEMIC PARENTS PEACE PENSIONS PHYSICAL DISABILITY POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR HOUSEHOLD POOR HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION PRESSURE POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY REDUCTION PRACTITIONERS PRENATAL CARE PROGRESS REFUGEE REFUGEES RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RISK SHARING RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLDS SEX SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS STATE UNIVERSITY SUICIDE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE VICTIMS WARS YOUNG CHILDREN
spellingShingle	ADULT MORTALITY ADULTHOOD AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY ARMED CONFLICT ASSET HOLDINGS CASH CROP CHALLENGES OF POPULATION CHILD HEALTH CHILD SURVIVAL CHRONIC MALNUTRITION CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING CROPS CULTURAL CHANGE DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISABILITY EARLY CHILDHOOD ECONOMIC SHOCKS EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ETHNIC GROUPS FAMILY RESOURCES FAMINE FARM HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOME FARM OUTPUT FARM SIZE FARMERS FEMALE MORTALITY FERTILITY FOOD FOOD CROP FOOD CROP PRODUCTION FOOD PRODUCTION FOOD SECURITY FOOD STAPLES GENDER BIAS GENDER DIFFERENCES GENOCIDE GIRLS GRASS-ROOTS HEALTH HEALTH TRENDS HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD LEVEL DATA HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION HUMAN RIGHTS HUSBANDS IMPACT ON CHILDREN INEQUALITY INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFORMATION SYSTEMS INVESTIGATION LAND DEGRADATION LAND SIZE LANDHOLDINGS LIVING CONDITIONS MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS MEDICAL CARE MIGRATION MOTHER NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NUMBER OF DEATHS NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS NUTRITION NUTRITIONAL STATUS OLD-AGE PANDEMIC PARENTS PEACE PENSIONS PHYSICAL DISABILITY POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR HOUSEHOLD POOR HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION PRESSURE POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY REDUCTION PRACTITIONERS PRENATAL CARE PROGRESS REFUGEE REFUGEES RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RISK SHARING RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLDS SEX SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS STATE UNIVERSITY SUICIDE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE VICTIMS WARS YOUNG CHILDREN Akresh, Richard Verwimp, Philip Bundervoet, Tom Civil War, Crop Failure, and Child Stunting in Rwanda
geographic_facet	Africa Rwanda
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4208
description	Economic shocks at birth have lasting effects on children's health several years after the shock. The authors calculate height for age z-scores for children under age five using data from a Rwandan nationally representative household survey conducted in 1992. They exploit district and time variation in crop failure and civil conflict to measure the impact of exogenous shocks that children experience at birth on their height several years later. They find that boys and girls born after the shock in regions experiencing civil conflict are both negatively affected with height for age z-scores 0.30 and 0.72 standard deviations lower, respectively. Conversely, only girls are negatively affected by crop failure, with these girls exhibiting 0.41 standard deviation lower height for age z-scores and the impact is worse for girls in poor households. Results are robust to using sibling difference estimators, household level production, and rainfall shocks as alternative measures of crop failure.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Akresh, Richard Verwimp, Philip Bundervoet, Tom
author_facet	Akresh, Richard Verwimp, Philip Bundervoet, Tom
author_sort	Akresh, Richard
title	Civil War, Crop Failure, and Child Stunting in Rwanda
title_short	Civil War, Crop Failure, and Child Stunting in Rwanda
title_full	Civil War, Crop Failure, and Child Stunting in Rwanda
title_fullStr	Civil War, Crop Failure, and Child Stunting in Rwanda
title_full_unstemmed	Civil War, Crop Failure, and Child Stunting in Rwanda
title_sort	civil war, crop failure, and child stunting in rwanda
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/04/7537796/civil-war-crop-failure-child-stunting-rwanda http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7016
_version_	1764401748849459200

Civil War, Crop Failure, and Child Stunting in Rwanda

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