Indigenous Peoples in Latin America : Economic Opportunities and Social Networks

Despite significant changes in poverty overall in Latin America, the proportion of indigenous peoples living in poverty did not change much from the early 1990s to the present. While earlier work focused on human development, much less has been don...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Patrinos, Harry Anthony, Skoufias, Emmanuel, Lunde, Trine
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO SERVICES AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL INCOMES AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGES AGRICULTURE CAPITAL THEORY CITIES COLONIALISM COMPETITIVENESS CREDIT MARKETS CULTURAL DIFFERENCES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES DISADVANTAGED AREAS DISCRIMINATION DISEQUILIBRIUM DIVIDENDS DUAL ECONOMY ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMIC THEORY EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ETHNIC GROUPS ETHNICITY EXPENDITURES FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY RESOURCES FARMERS FORMAL EDUCATION FUTURE GENERATIONS HEALTH SERVICES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL LEVELS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IDENTITY IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCOME DIFFERENTIAL INCOME GAP INCOME LEVELS INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INDIGENOUS GROUPS INDIGENOUS PEOPLE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS INEQUALITY INSURANCE INSURANCE MARKETS INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IRRIGATION KINSHIP KINSHIP NETWORKS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LACK OF CREDIT LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE LAND ASSETS LAND OWNERSHIP LAND RIGHTS LAND TENURE LAND TITLING LANDHOLDINGS LATIN AMERICAN LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS MARGINAL VALUE MIGRATION NATURAL RESOURCES NORMS PENSIONS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR POOR HEALTH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INFRASTRUCTURE PORTFOLIO POVERTY GAP POVERTY RATES PRICE FLUCTUATIONS PRIVATE TRANSFERS PRODUCTIVE ASSETS PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC ASSISTANCE PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING QUALITY CONTROL QUALITY OF EDUCATION RATE OF RETURN RESPECT RETURN ON INVESTMENT RISK EXPOSURE RUNNING WATER RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL MARKETS SAVINGS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SKILLED WORKERS SMALLHOLDERS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL MOBILIZATION SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL STRUCTURE SOCIETIES SOCIETY SPOUSES SUBSISTENCE FARMING SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRADITIONAL VALUES TRANSACTION COSTS URBAN AREAS URBAN ENVIRONMENTS VULNERABILITY WAGE DISCRIMINATION WEALTH YOUNG CHILDREN
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/05/7581264/indigenous-peoples-latin-america-economic-opportunities-social-networks http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7077

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Summary:	Despite significant changes in poverty overall in Latin America, the proportion of indigenous peoples living in poverty did not change much from the early 1990s to the present. While earlier work focused on human development, much less has been done on the distribution and returns to income-generating assets and the effect these have on income generation strategies. The authors show that low income and low assets are mutually reinforcing. For instance, low education levels translate into low income, resulting in poor health and reduced schooling for future generations. Social networks affect the economic opportunities of individuals through two important channels-information and norms. However, the analysis shows that the networks available to indigenous peoples do not facilitate employment in nontraditional sectors.

Indigenous Peoples in Latin America : Economic Opportunities and Social Networks

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