Indigenous Peoples in Latin America : Economic Opportunities and Social Networks

Despite significant changes in poverty overall in Latin America, the proportion of indigenous peoples living in poverty did not change much from the early 1990s to the present. While earlier work focused on human development, much less has been don...

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Main Authors:	Patrinos, Harry Anthony, Skoufias, Emmanuel, Lunde, Trine
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO SERVICES AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL INCOMES AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGES AGRICULTURE CAPITAL THEORY CITIES COLONIALISM COMPETITIVENESS CREDIT MARKETS CULTURAL DIFFERENCES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES DISADVANTAGED AREAS DISCRIMINATION DISEQUILIBRIUM DIVIDENDS DUAL ECONOMY ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMIC THEORY EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ETHNIC GROUPS ETHNICITY EXPENDITURES FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY RESOURCES FARMERS FORMAL EDUCATION FUTURE GENERATIONS HEALTH SERVICES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL LEVELS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IDENTITY IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCOME DIFFERENTIAL INCOME GAP INCOME LEVELS INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INDIGENOUS GROUPS INDIGENOUS PEOPLE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS INEQUALITY INSURANCE INSURANCE MARKETS INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IRRIGATION KINSHIP KINSHIP NETWORKS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LACK OF CREDIT LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE LAND ASSETS LAND OWNERSHIP LAND RIGHTS LAND TENURE LAND TITLING LANDHOLDINGS LATIN AMERICAN LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS MARGINAL VALUE MIGRATION NATURAL RESOURCES NORMS PENSIONS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR POOR HEALTH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INFRASTRUCTURE PORTFOLIO POVERTY GAP POVERTY RATES PRICE FLUCTUATIONS PRIVATE TRANSFERS PRODUCTIVE ASSETS PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC ASSISTANCE PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING QUALITY CONTROL QUALITY OF EDUCATION RATE OF RETURN RESPECT RETURN ON INVESTMENT RISK EXPOSURE RUNNING WATER RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL MARKETS SAVINGS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SKILLED WORKERS SMALLHOLDERS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL MOBILIZATION SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL STRUCTURE SOCIETIES SOCIETY SPOUSES SUBSISTENCE FARMING SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRADITIONAL VALUES TRANSACTION COSTS URBAN AREAS URBAN ENVIRONMENTS VULNERABILITY WAGE DISCRIMINATION WEALTH YOUNG CHILDREN
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/05/7581264/indigenous-peoples-latin-america-economic-opportunities-social-networks http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7077

id	okr-10986-7077
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-70772021-04-23T14:02:33Z Indigenous Peoples in Latin America : Economic Opportunities and Social Networks Patrinos, Harry Anthony Skoufias, Emmanuel Lunde, Trine ACCESS TO SERVICES AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL INCOMES AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGES AGRICULTURE CAPITAL THEORY CITIES COLONIALISM COMPETITIVENESS CREDIT MARKETS CULTURAL DIFFERENCES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES DISADVANTAGED AREAS DISCRIMINATION DISEQUILIBRIUM DIVIDENDS DUAL ECONOMY ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMIC THEORY EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ETHNIC GROUPS ETHNICITY EXPENDITURES FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY RESOURCES FARMERS FORMAL EDUCATION FUTURE GENERATIONS HEALTH SERVICES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL LEVELS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IDENTITY IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCOME DIFFERENTIAL INCOME GAP INCOME LEVELS INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INDIGENOUS GROUPS INDIGENOUS PEOPLE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS INEQUALITY INSURANCE INSURANCE MARKETS INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IRRIGATION KINSHIP KINSHIP NETWORKS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LACK OF CREDIT LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE LAND ASSETS LAND OWNERSHIP LAND RIGHTS LAND TENURE LAND TITLING LANDHOLDINGS LATIN AMERICAN LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS MARGINAL VALUE MIGRATION NATURAL RESOURCES NORMS PENSIONS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR POOR HEALTH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INFRASTRUCTURE PORTFOLIO POVERTY GAP POVERTY RATES PRICE FLUCTUATIONS PRIVATE TRANSFERS PRODUCTIVE ASSETS PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC ASSISTANCE PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING QUALITY CONTROL QUALITY OF EDUCATION RATE OF RETURN RESPECT RETURN ON INVESTMENT RISK EXPOSURE RUNNING WATER RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL MARKETS SAVINGS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SKILLED WORKERS SMALLHOLDERS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL MOBILIZATION SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL STRUCTURE SOCIETIES SOCIETY SPOUSES SUBSISTENCE FARMING SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRADITIONAL VALUES TRANSACTION COSTS URBAN AREAS URBAN ENVIRONMENTS VULNERABILITY WAGE DISCRIMINATION WEALTH YOUNG CHILDREN Despite significant changes in poverty overall in Latin America, the proportion of indigenous peoples living in poverty did not change much from the early 1990s to the present. While earlier work focused on human development, much less has been done on the distribution and returns to income-generating assets and the effect these have on income generation strategies. The authors show that low income and low assets are mutually reinforcing. For instance, low education levels translate into low income, resulting in poor health and reduced schooling for future generations. Social networks affect the economic opportunities of individuals through two important channels-information and norms. However, the analysis shows that the networks available to indigenous peoples do not facilitate employment in nontraditional sectors. 2012-06-04T22:03:36Z 2012-06-04T22:03:36Z 2007-05 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/05/7581264/indigenous-peoples-latin-america-economic-opportunities-social-networks http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7077 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4227 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Latin America & Caribbean
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ACCESS TO SERVICES AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL INCOMES AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGES AGRICULTURE CAPITAL THEORY CITIES COLONIALISM COMPETITIVENESS CREDIT MARKETS CULTURAL DIFFERENCES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES DISADVANTAGED AREAS DISCRIMINATION DISEQUILIBRIUM DIVIDENDS DUAL ECONOMY ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMIC THEORY EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ETHNIC GROUPS ETHNICITY EXPENDITURES FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY RESOURCES FARMERS FORMAL EDUCATION FUTURE GENERATIONS HEALTH SERVICES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL LEVELS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IDENTITY IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCOME DIFFERENTIAL INCOME GAP INCOME LEVELS INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INDIGENOUS GROUPS INDIGENOUS PEOPLE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS INEQUALITY INSURANCE INSURANCE MARKETS INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IRRIGATION KINSHIP KINSHIP NETWORKS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LACK OF CREDIT LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE LAND ASSETS LAND OWNERSHIP LAND RIGHTS LAND TENURE LAND TITLING LANDHOLDINGS LATIN AMERICAN LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS MARGINAL VALUE MIGRATION NATURAL RESOURCES NORMS PENSIONS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR POOR HEALTH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INFRASTRUCTURE PORTFOLIO POVERTY GAP POVERTY RATES PRICE FLUCTUATIONS PRIVATE TRANSFERS PRODUCTIVE ASSETS PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC ASSISTANCE PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING QUALITY CONTROL QUALITY OF EDUCATION RATE OF RETURN RESPECT RETURN ON INVESTMENT RISK EXPOSURE RUNNING WATER RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL MARKETS SAVINGS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SKILLED WORKERS SMALLHOLDERS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL MOBILIZATION SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL STRUCTURE SOCIETIES SOCIETY SPOUSES SUBSISTENCE FARMING SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRADITIONAL VALUES TRANSACTION COSTS URBAN AREAS URBAN ENVIRONMENTS VULNERABILITY WAGE DISCRIMINATION WEALTH YOUNG CHILDREN
spellingShingle	ACCESS TO SERVICES AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL INCOMES AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGES AGRICULTURE CAPITAL THEORY CITIES COLONIALISM COMPETITIVENESS CREDIT MARKETS CULTURAL DIFFERENCES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES DISADVANTAGED AREAS DISCRIMINATION DISEQUILIBRIUM DIVIDENDS DUAL ECONOMY ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMIC THEORY EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ETHNIC GROUPS ETHNICITY EXPENDITURES FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY RESOURCES FARMERS FORMAL EDUCATION FUTURE GENERATIONS HEALTH SERVICES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL LEVELS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IDENTITY IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCOME DIFFERENTIAL INCOME GAP INCOME LEVELS INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INDIGENOUS GROUPS INDIGENOUS PEOPLE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS INEQUALITY INSURANCE INSURANCE MARKETS INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IRRIGATION KINSHIP KINSHIP NETWORKS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LACK OF CREDIT LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE LAND ASSETS LAND OWNERSHIP LAND RIGHTS LAND TENURE LAND TITLING LANDHOLDINGS LATIN AMERICAN LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS MARGINAL VALUE MIGRATION NATURAL RESOURCES NORMS PENSIONS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR POOR HEALTH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INFRASTRUCTURE PORTFOLIO POVERTY GAP POVERTY RATES PRICE FLUCTUATIONS PRIVATE TRANSFERS PRODUCTIVE ASSETS PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC ASSISTANCE PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING QUALITY CONTROL QUALITY OF EDUCATION RATE OF RETURN RESPECT RETURN ON INVESTMENT RISK EXPOSURE RUNNING WATER RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL MARKETS SAVINGS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SKILLED WORKERS SMALLHOLDERS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL MOBILIZATION SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL STRUCTURE SOCIETIES SOCIETY SPOUSES SUBSISTENCE FARMING SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRADITIONAL VALUES TRANSACTION COSTS URBAN AREAS URBAN ENVIRONMENTS VULNERABILITY WAGE DISCRIMINATION WEALTH YOUNG CHILDREN Patrinos, Harry Anthony Skoufias, Emmanuel Lunde, Trine Indigenous Peoples in Latin America : Economic Opportunities and Social Networks
geographic_facet	Latin America & Caribbean
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4227
description	Despite significant changes in poverty overall in Latin America, the proportion of indigenous peoples living in poverty did not change much from the early 1990s to the present. While earlier work focused on human development, much less has been done on the distribution and returns to income-generating assets and the effect these have on income generation strategies. The authors show that low income and low assets are mutually reinforcing. For instance, low education levels translate into low income, resulting in poor health and reduced schooling for future generations. Social networks affect the economic opportunities of individuals through two important channels-information and norms. However, the analysis shows that the networks available to indigenous peoples do not facilitate employment in nontraditional sectors.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Patrinos, Harry Anthony Skoufias, Emmanuel Lunde, Trine
author_facet	Patrinos, Harry Anthony Skoufias, Emmanuel Lunde, Trine
author_sort	Patrinos, Harry Anthony
title	Indigenous Peoples in Latin America : Economic Opportunities and Social Networks
title_short	Indigenous Peoples in Latin America : Economic Opportunities and Social Networks
title_full	Indigenous Peoples in Latin America : Economic Opportunities and Social Networks
title_fullStr	Indigenous Peoples in Latin America : Economic Opportunities and Social Networks
title_full_unstemmed	Indigenous Peoples in Latin America : Economic Opportunities and Social Networks
title_sort	indigenous peoples in latin america : economic opportunities and social networks
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/05/7581264/indigenous-peoples-latin-america-economic-opportunities-social-networks http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7077
_version_	1764401894685409280

Indigenous Peoples in Latin America : Economic Opportunities and Social Networks

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