What Makes Cities Healthy?
The benefits of good health to individuals and to society are strongly positive and improving the health of the poor is a key Millennium Development Goal. A typical health strategy advocated by some is increased public spending on health targeted t...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/01/7373087/makes-cities-healthy http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7176 |
| id |
okr-10986-7176 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACCESS TO EDUCATION AGE GROUPS AIDS EPIDEMIC ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY BABY CANCER CAPITAL COSTS CAPITAL EXPENDITURE CASUAL EMPLOYMENT CHILD MORTALITY CHRONIC CONDITIONS CIVIL WAR CLEAN WATER COMMUNICABLE DISEASES CRIME DEATHS DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEWORMING DIET DIETS DISABILITIES DISEASE CONTROL DRUG ABUSE DRUGS EARLY CHILDHOOD ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC STATUS EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELDERLY EXPENDITURES FAMILY SIZE FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FERTILITY FERTILITY RATE FOLIC ACID HEALTH HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE POLICIES HEALTH CONDITIONS HEALTH INDICATORS HEALTH INEQUITIES HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH PROGRAMS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH STATUS HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEMS HEALTHY CITIES HIV HOSPITAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING CONDITIONS HOUSING UNITS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN LIFE ILL-HEALTH ILLITERACY IMPACT ON HEALTH IMPROVEMENTS IN MORTALITY INCOME COUNTRIES INCOME GROUPS INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INDIVIDUAL HEALTH INDOOR AIR POLLUTION INEQUITIES INFANT INFANT HEALTH INFANT HEALTH CARE INFANT MORTALITY INFECTIOUS DISEASES INHABITANTS INHERITANCE INTERVENTION INVESTMENT IN CHILDREN INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION IRON LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LAND USE POLICIES LEADING CAUSES LIFE EXPECTANCIES LIFE EXPECTANCY LIFESTYLES LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOW INCOME LOWER FERTILITY MALARIA MATERNAL HEALTH MEASLES MEDICARE MIGRANTS MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MORALITY MORBIDITY MORTALITY NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NUTRITION OCCUPATIONS OLD AGE ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY OVERCROWDING PERSONAL HYGIENE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLLUTION POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATE POPULATION SIZE PRIMARY CARE PROBABILITY PROGRESS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING PURCHASING POWER RATE OF GROWTH RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS RURAL AREAS SAFE DRINKING WATER SAFE WATER SANITATION SCARCE RESOURCES SEX SIBLINGS SLUM DWELLERS SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL SERVICES URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTERS URBAN COMMUNITIES URBAN HOUSING URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN LAND URBAN POPULATION URBAN POPULATIONS URBAN POVERTY URBAN SLUMS URBANIZATION VACCINATION VACCINES VIOLENCE WASTE WASTE DISPOSAL WORKERS WORKFORCE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESS TO EDUCATION AGE GROUPS AIDS EPIDEMIC ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY BABY CANCER CAPITAL COSTS CAPITAL EXPENDITURE CASUAL EMPLOYMENT CHILD MORTALITY CHRONIC CONDITIONS CIVIL WAR CLEAN WATER COMMUNICABLE DISEASES CRIME DEATHS DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEWORMING DIET DIETS DISABILITIES DISEASE CONTROL DRUG ABUSE DRUGS EARLY CHILDHOOD ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC STATUS EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELDERLY EXPENDITURES FAMILY SIZE FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FERTILITY FERTILITY RATE FOLIC ACID HEALTH HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE POLICIES HEALTH CONDITIONS HEALTH INDICATORS HEALTH INEQUITIES HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH PROGRAMS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH STATUS HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEMS HEALTHY CITIES HIV HOSPITAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING CONDITIONS HOUSING UNITS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN LIFE ILL-HEALTH ILLITERACY IMPACT ON HEALTH IMPROVEMENTS IN MORTALITY INCOME COUNTRIES INCOME GROUPS INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INDIVIDUAL HEALTH INDOOR AIR POLLUTION INEQUITIES INFANT INFANT HEALTH INFANT HEALTH CARE INFANT MORTALITY INFECTIOUS DISEASES INHABITANTS INHERITANCE INTERVENTION INVESTMENT IN CHILDREN INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION IRON LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LAND USE POLICIES LEADING CAUSES LIFE EXPECTANCIES LIFE EXPECTANCY LIFESTYLES LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOW INCOME LOWER FERTILITY MALARIA MATERNAL HEALTH MEASLES MEDICARE MIGRANTS MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MORALITY MORBIDITY MORTALITY NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NUTRITION OCCUPATIONS OLD AGE ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY OVERCROWDING PERSONAL HYGIENE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLLUTION POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATE POPULATION SIZE PRIMARY CARE PROBABILITY PROGRESS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING PURCHASING POWER RATE OF GROWTH RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS RURAL AREAS SAFE DRINKING WATER SAFE WATER SANITATION SCARCE RESOURCES SEX SIBLINGS SLUM DWELLERS SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL SERVICES URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTERS URBAN COMMUNITIES URBAN HOUSING URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN LAND URBAN POPULATION URBAN POPULATIONS URBAN POVERTY URBAN SLUMS URBANIZATION VACCINATION VACCINES VIOLENCE WASTE WASTE DISPOSAL WORKERS WORKFORCE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Yusuf, Shahid Nabeshima, Kaoru Ha, Wei What Makes Cities Healthy? |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4107 |
| description |
The benefits of good health to
individuals and to society are strongly positive and
improving the health of the poor is a key Millennium
Development Goal. A typical health strategy advocated by
some is increased public spending on health targeted to
favor the poor and backed by foreign assistance, as well as
by an international effort to perfect drugs and vaccines to
ameliorate infectious diseases bedeviling the developing
nations. But if the objective is better health outcomes at
the least cost and a reduction in urban health inequity, the
authors' research suggests that the four most potent
policy interventions are: water and sanitation systems;
urban land use and transport planning; effective primary
care and health programs aimed at influencing diets and
lifestyles; and education. The payoff from these four in
terms of health outcomes dwarf the returns from new drugs
and curative hospital-based medicine, although these
certainly have their place in a modern urban health system.
And the authors find that the resource requirements for
successful health care policies are likely to depend on an
acceleration of economic growth rates which increase
household purchasing power and enlarge the pool of resources
available to national and subnational governments to invest
in health-related infrastructure and services. Thus, an
acceleration of growth rates may be necessary to sustain a
viable urban health strategy which is equitable and to
ensure steady gains in health outcomes. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Yusuf, Shahid Nabeshima, Kaoru Ha, Wei |
| author_facet |
Yusuf, Shahid Nabeshima, Kaoru Ha, Wei |
| author_sort |
Yusuf, Shahid |
| title |
What Makes Cities Healthy? |
| title_short |
What Makes Cities Healthy? |
| title_full |
What Makes Cities Healthy? |
| title_fullStr |
What Makes Cities Healthy? |
| title_full_unstemmed |
What Makes Cities Healthy? |
| title_sort |
what makes cities healthy? |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/01/7373087/makes-cities-healthy http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7176 |
| _version_ |
1764401565372776448 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-71762021-04-23T14:02:33Z What Makes Cities Healthy? Yusuf, Shahid Nabeshima, Kaoru Ha, Wei ACCESS TO EDUCATION AGE GROUPS AIDS EPIDEMIC ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY BABY CANCER CAPITAL COSTS CAPITAL EXPENDITURE CASUAL EMPLOYMENT CHILD MORTALITY CHRONIC CONDITIONS CIVIL WAR CLEAN WATER COMMUNICABLE DISEASES CRIME DEATHS DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEWORMING DIET DIETS DISABILITIES DISEASE CONTROL DRUG ABUSE DRUGS EARLY CHILDHOOD ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC STATUS EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELDERLY EXPENDITURES FAMILY SIZE FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FERTILITY FERTILITY RATE FOLIC ACID HEALTH HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE POLICIES HEALTH CONDITIONS HEALTH INDICATORS HEALTH INEQUITIES HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH PROGRAMS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH STATUS HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEMS HEALTHY CITIES HIV HOSPITAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING CONDITIONS HOUSING UNITS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN LIFE ILL-HEALTH ILLITERACY IMPACT ON HEALTH IMPROVEMENTS IN MORTALITY INCOME COUNTRIES INCOME GROUPS INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INDIVIDUAL HEALTH INDOOR AIR POLLUTION INEQUITIES INFANT INFANT HEALTH INFANT HEALTH CARE INFANT MORTALITY INFECTIOUS DISEASES INHABITANTS INHERITANCE INTERVENTION INVESTMENT IN CHILDREN INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION IRON LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LAND USE POLICIES LEADING CAUSES LIFE EXPECTANCIES LIFE EXPECTANCY LIFESTYLES LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOW INCOME LOWER FERTILITY MALARIA MATERNAL HEALTH MEASLES MEDICARE MIGRANTS MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MORALITY MORBIDITY MORTALITY NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NUTRITION OCCUPATIONS OLD AGE ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY OVERCROWDING PERSONAL HYGIENE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLLUTION POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATE POPULATION SIZE PRIMARY CARE PROBABILITY PROGRESS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING PURCHASING POWER RATE OF GROWTH RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS RURAL AREAS SAFE DRINKING WATER SAFE WATER SANITATION SCARCE RESOURCES SEX SIBLINGS SLUM DWELLERS SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL SERVICES URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTERS URBAN COMMUNITIES URBAN HOUSING URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN LAND URBAN POPULATION URBAN POPULATIONS URBAN POVERTY URBAN SLUMS URBANIZATION VACCINATION VACCINES VIOLENCE WASTE WASTE DISPOSAL WORKERS WORKFORCE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION The benefits of good health to individuals and to society are strongly positive and improving the health of the poor is a key Millennium Development Goal. A typical health strategy advocated by some is increased public spending on health targeted to favor the poor and backed by foreign assistance, as well as by an international effort to perfect drugs and vaccines to ameliorate infectious diseases bedeviling the developing nations. But if the objective is better health outcomes at the least cost and a reduction in urban health inequity, the authors' research suggests that the four most potent policy interventions are: water and sanitation systems; urban land use and transport planning; effective primary care and health programs aimed at influencing diets and lifestyles; and education. The payoff from these four in terms of health outcomes dwarf the returns from new drugs and curative hospital-based medicine, although these certainly have their place in a modern urban health system. And the authors find that the resource requirements for successful health care policies are likely to depend on an acceleration of economic growth rates which increase household purchasing power and enlarge the pool of resources available to national and subnational governments to invest in health-related infrastructure and services. Thus, an acceleration of growth rates may be necessary to sustain a viable urban health strategy which is equitable and to ensure steady gains in health outcomes. 2012-06-05T20:13:19Z 2012-06-05T20:13:19Z 2007-01 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/01/7373087/makes-cities-healthy http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7176 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4107 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research |