School Drop-out and Push-out Factors in Brazil : The Role of Early Parenthood, Child Labor, and Poverty
This paper aims to identify the major drop-out and push-out factors that lead to school abandonment in an urban surrounding-the shantytowns of Fortaleza, Northeast Brazil. The authors use an extensive survey addressing risk factors faced by the pop...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/03/7475050/school-drop-out-push-out-factors-brazil-role-early-parenthood-child-labor-poverty http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7228 |
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okr-10986-72282021-04-23T14:02:33Z School Drop-out and Push-out Factors in Brazil : The Role of Early Parenthood, Child Labor, and Poverty Rute Cardoso, Ana Verner, Dorte ACCOUNT ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION BIRTH RATES CHILD LABOR CHILD LABOUR CHRONIC POVERTY CLASS TIME COGNITIVE SKILLS COMPLETION RATES DECLINE IN BIRTH RATES DEPENDENT CHILDREN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN DRUG USE EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT EARLY MOTHERHOOD ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION ELEMENTARY EDUCATION ELEMENTARY SCHOOL EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENROLLMENT RATES FAMILY SIZE FIRST GRADE GANGS GENDER BIAS GRADE GRADE REPETITION HEALTH CONSEQUENCES HIGH SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHTS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LAM LATIN AMERICAN LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT LITERATURE LOCAL LABOR MARKET LOW EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT MIDDLE SCHOOL MOTHER NATURAL DISASTERS NUTRITION OLDER CHILDREN OLDER SIBLINGS PAPERS PARENTAL EDUCATION POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION STUDIES PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION SYSTEM PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL ATTENDANCE PROGRESS PUBLIC SERVICES RISK FACTORS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL DAY SCHOOL DROP SCHOOL DROPOUT SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL LEAVERS SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL PERFORMANCE SCHOOL PROGRAM SCHOOL SUCCESS SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOL YOUTH SCHOOLING SEX SEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS SEXUALITY SOCIAL MOBILITY STATE UNIVERSITY SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TEENAGER TEENAGERS TEENS TRANSPORTATION TRUANCY UNIVERSAL ENROLLMENT UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION VIOLENCE YOUTH This paper aims to identify the major drop-out and push-out factors that lead to school abandonment in an urban surrounding-the shantytowns of Fortaleza, Northeast Brazil. The authors use an extensive survey addressing risk factors faced by the population in these neighborhoods, which cover both in-school and out-of-school youth of both genders. They focus on the role of early parenthood, child labor, and poverty in pushing teenagers out of school. The potential endogeneity of some of the determinants is dealt with in the empirical analysis. The authors take advantage of the rich set of variables available and apply an instrumental variables approach. Early parenthood is instrumented with the age declared by the youngsters as the ideal age to start having sexual relationships. Work is instrumented using the declared reservation wage (minimum salary acceptable to work). Results indicate that early parenthood has a strong impact of driving teenagers out of school. Extreme poverty is another factor lowering school attendance, as children who have suffered hunger at some point in their lives are less likely to attend school. In this particular urban context, working does not necessarily have a detrimental effect on school attendance, which could be linked to the fact that dropping out of school leads most often to inactivity and not to work. 2012-06-06T14:35:12Z 2012-06-06T14:35:12Z 2007-03 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/03/7475050/school-drop-out-push-out-factors-brazil-role-early-parenthood-child-labor-poverty http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7228 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4178 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Latin America & Caribbean Brazil |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACCOUNT ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION BIRTH RATES CHILD LABOR CHILD LABOUR CHRONIC POVERTY CLASS TIME COGNITIVE SKILLS COMPLETION RATES DECLINE IN BIRTH RATES DEPENDENT CHILDREN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN DRUG USE EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT EARLY MOTHERHOOD ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION ELEMENTARY EDUCATION ELEMENTARY SCHOOL EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENROLLMENT RATES FAMILY SIZE FIRST GRADE GANGS GENDER BIAS GRADE GRADE REPETITION HEALTH CONSEQUENCES HIGH SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHTS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LAM LATIN AMERICAN LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT LITERATURE LOCAL LABOR MARKET LOW EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT MIDDLE SCHOOL MOTHER NATURAL DISASTERS NUTRITION OLDER CHILDREN OLDER SIBLINGS PAPERS PARENTAL EDUCATION POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION STUDIES PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION SYSTEM PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL ATTENDANCE PROGRESS PUBLIC SERVICES RISK FACTORS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL DAY SCHOOL DROP SCHOOL DROPOUT SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL LEAVERS SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL PERFORMANCE SCHOOL PROGRAM SCHOOL SUCCESS SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOL YOUTH SCHOOLING SEX SEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS SEXUALITY SOCIAL MOBILITY STATE UNIVERSITY SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TEENAGER TEENAGERS TEENS TRANSPORTATION TRUANCY UNIVERSAL ENROLLMENT UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION VIOLENCE YOUTH |
| spellingShingle |
ACCOUNT ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION BIRTH RATES CHILD LABOR CHILD LABOUR CHRONIC POVERTY CLASS TIME COGNITIVE SKILLS COMPLETION RATES DECLINE IN BIRTH RATES DEPENDENT CHILDREN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN DRUG USE EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT EARLY MOTHERHOOD ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION ELEMENTARY EDUCATION ELEMENTARY SCHOOL EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENROLLMENT RATES FAMILY SIZE FIRST GRADE GANGS GENDER BIAS GRADE GRADE REPETITION HEALTH CONSEQUENCES HIGH SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHTS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LAM LATIN AMERICAN LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT LITERATURE LOCAL LABOR MARKET LOW EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT MIDDLE SCHOOL MOTHER NATURAL DISASTERS NUTRITION OLDER CHILDREN OLDER SIBLINGS PAPERS PARENTAL EDUCATION POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION STUDIES PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION SYSTEM PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL ATTENDANCE PROGRESS PUBLIC SERVICES RISK FACTORS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL DAY SCHOOL DROP SCHOOL DROPOUT SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL LEAVERS SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL PERFORMANCE SCHOOL PROGRAM SCHOOL SUCCESS SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOL YOUTH SCHOOLING SEX SEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS SEXUALITY SOCIAL MOBILITY STATE UNIVERSITY SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TEENAGER TEENAGERS TEENS TRANSPORTATION TRUANCY UNIVERSAL ENROLLMENT UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION VIOLENCE YOUTH Rute Cardoso, Ana Verner, Dorte School Drop-out and Push-out Factors in Brazil : The Role of Early Parenthood, Child Labor, and Poverty |
| geographic_facet |
Latin America & Caribbean Brazil |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4178 |
| description |
This paper aims to identify the major
drop-out and push-out factors that lead to school
abandonment in an urban surrounding-the shantytowns of
Fortaleza, Northeast Brazil. The authors use an extensive
survey addressing risk factors faced by the population in
these neighborhoods, which cover both in-school and
out-of-school youth of both genders. They focus on the role
of early parenthood, child labor, and poverty in pushing
teenagers out of school. The potential endogeneity of some
of the determinants is dealt with in the empirical analysis.
The authors take advantage of the rich set of variables
available and apply an instrumental variables approach.
Early parenthood is instrumented with the age declared by
the youngsters as the ideal age to start having sexual
relationships. Work is instrumented using the declared
reservation wage (minimum salary acceptable to work).
Results indicate that early parenthood has a strong impact
of driving teenagers out of school. Extreme poverty is
another factor lowering school attendance, as children who
have suffered hunger at some point in their lives are less
likely to attend school. In this particular urban context,
working does not necessarily have a detrimental effect on
school attendance, which could be linked to the fact that
dropping out of school leads most often to inactivity and
not to work. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Rute Cardoso, Ana Verner, Dorte |
| author_facet |
Rute Cardoso, Ana Verner, Dorte |
| author_sort |
Rute Cardoso, Ana |
| title |
School Drop-out and Push-out Factors in Brazil : The Role of Early Parenthood, Child Labor, and Poverty |
| title_short |
School Drop-out and Push-out Factors in Brazil : The Role of Early Parenthood, Child Labor, and Poverty |
| title_full |
School Drop-out and Push-out Factors in Brazil : The Role of Early Parenthood, Child Labor, and Poverty |
| title_fullStr |
School Drop-out and Push-out Factors in Brazil : The Role of Early Parenthood, Child Labor, and Poverty |
| title_full_unstemmed |
School Drop-out and Push-out Factors in Brazil : The Role of Early Parenthood, Child Labor, and Poverty |
| title_sort |
school drop-out and push-out factors in brazil : the role of early parenthood, child labor, and poverty |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/03/7475050/school-drop-out-push-out-factors-brazil-role-early-parenthood-child-labor-poverty http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7228 |
| _version_ |
1764401659227668480 |