Clothing and Export Diversification : Still a Route to Growth for Low-Income Countries?
Can the clothing sector be a driver of export diversification and growth for today's low-income countries as it was in the past for countries that have graduated into middle income? This paper assesses this issue taking into account key change...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/09/8267332/clothing-export-diversification-still-route-growth-low-income-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7334 |
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okr-10986-7334 |
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oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY AGGREGATE EXPORTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS APPAREL APPAREL EXPORTS APPAREL GOODS APPAREL MARKET APPAREL PRODUCERS APPAREL PRODUCTS APPAREL TRADE AVERAGE TARIFF AVERAGE TARIFFS BARRIERS TO ENTRY BILATERAL IMPORTS BILATERAL TRADE BORDER CROSSING BUSINESS CLIMATE BUSINESS CLIMATES BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CENTRAL AMERICA COMMODITY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES COMPETITIVE POSITION COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMER DEMAND CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY COST OF TRANSPORT COUNTRY MARKETS CUSTOMS CUSTOMS CLEARANCE CUSTOMS PROCEDURES DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DOMESTIC ECONOMY DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DOMESTIC TRADE DRIVERS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC RISK ECONOMIC SIZE ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF TRADE EPZ EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT LICENCES EXPORT PERFORMANCE EXPORT PROCEDURES EXPORT PROCESSING EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES EXPORT SHARE EXPORTERS EXPORTS FEDERAL RESERVE FINAL GOODS FOREIGN MARKETS FUEL GDP GDP PER CAPITA GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL EXPORTS GLOBAL MARKET GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL TRADE GLOBAL TRADING GOOD GOVERNANCE GOVERNANCE INDICATOR GOVERNANCE INDICATORS GOVERNMENT ACTION GRAVITY APPROACH GRAVITY EQUATION GRAVITY MODEL GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH GRAVITY VARIABLES GROWTH RATES HIGH TARIFFS HIGH TRANSPORT HUMAN CAPITAL IMPERFECT COMPETITION IMPORT DUTIES IMPORT PENETRATION IMPORT PROTECTION IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORT VALUE INCOME INCOMES INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES INDUSTRIALIZATION INSURANCE INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL FINANCE INTERNATIONAL INVESTORS INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORY INVESTMENT CLIMATE LABOR MARKETS LDCS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARKET PENETRATION MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION NATURAL RESOURCE OUTPUT PACIFIC REGION PER CAPITA INCOME POSITIVE EFFECTS PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRICE COMPETITION PRODUCTION COSTS PROTECTIONIST QUALITY OF TRANSPORT QUOTAS REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS REPUTATION RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN ROAD ROUTE ROUTES RULES OF ORIGIN SMALL COUNTRIES SOURCING SPECIALIZATION SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF PROTECTION TARIFF RATES TAX TELECOMMUNICATIONS TELEPHONE SERVICES TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE BARRIER TRADE BARRIERS TRADE COSTS TRADE DATA TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FINANCE TRADE FLOWS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE PATTERNS TRADE POLICY TRADE PREFERENCES TRADE REGIME TRADE RELATIONSHIPS TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE STRATEGY TRADING VOLUMES TRAINS TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSIT TRANSIT SYSTEMS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURES TRANSPORT SERVICES TRANSPORTATION TRUE UNSKILLED LABOR VALUE ADDED VALUE OF EXPORTS VOLUME OF TRADE WAGE RATES WAGES WEALTH WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WORLD ECONOMY WORLD MARKET WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WTO |
| spellingShingle |
ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY AGGREGATE EXPORTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS APPAREL APPAREL EXPORTS APPAREL GOODS APPAREL MARKET APPAREL PRODUCERS APPAREL PRODUCTS APPAREL TRADE AVERAGE TARIFF AVERAGE TARIFFS BARRIERS TO ENTRY BILATERAL IMPORTS BILATERAL TRADE BORDER CROSSING BUSINESS CLIMATE BUSINESS CLIMATES BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CENTRAL AMERICA COMMODITY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES COMPETITIVE POSITION COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMER DEMAND CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY COST OF TRANSPORT COUNTRY MARKETS CUSTOMS CUSTOMS CLEARANCE CUSTOMS PROCEDURES DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DOMESTIC ECONOMY DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DOMESTIC TRADE DRIVERS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC RISK ECONOMIC SIZE ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF TRADE EPZ EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT LICENCES EXPORT PERFORMANCE EXPORT PROCEDURES EXPORT PROCESSING EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES EXPORT SHARE EXPORTERS EXPORTS FEDERAL RESERVE FINAL GOODS FOREIGN MARKETS FUEL GDP GDP PER CAPITA GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL EXPORTS GLOBAL MARKET GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL TRADE GLOBAL TRADING GOOD GOVERNANCE GOVERNANCE INDICATOR GOVERNANCE INDICATORS GOVERNMENT ACTION GRAVITY APPROACH GRAVITY EQUATION GRAVITY MODEL GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH GRAVITY VARIABLES GROWTH RATES HIGH TARIFFS HIGH TRANSPORT HUMAN CAPITAL IMPERFECT COMPETITION IMPORT DUTIES IMPORT PENETRATION IMPORT PROTECTION IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORT VALUE INCOME INCOMES INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES INDUSTRIALIZATION INSURANCE INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL FINANCE INTERNATIONAL INVESTORS INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORY INVESTMENT CLIMATE LABOR MARKETS LDCS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARKET PENETRATION MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION NATURAL RESOURCE OUTPUT PACIFIC REGION PER CAPITA INCOME POSITIVE EFFECTS PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRICE COMPETITION PRODUCTION COSTS PROTECTIONIST QUALITY OF TRANSPORT QUOTAS REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS REPUTATION RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN ROAD ROUTE ROUTES RULES OF ORIGIN SMALL COUNTRIES SOURCING SPECIALIZATION SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF PROTECTION TARIFF RATES TAX TELECOMMUNICATIONS TELEPHONE SERVICES TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE BARRIER TRADE BARRIERS TRADE COSTS TRADE DATA TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FINANCE TRADE FLOWS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE PATTERNS TRADE POLICY TRADE PREFERENCES TRADE REGIME TRADE RELATIONSHIPS TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE STRATEGY TRADING VOLUMES TRAINS TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSIT TRANSIT SYSTEMS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURES TRANSPORT SERVICES TRANSPORTATION TRUE UNSKILLED LABOR VALUE ADDED VALUE OF EXPORTS VOLUME OF TRADE WAGE RATES WAGES WEALTH WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WORLD ECONOMY WORLD MARKET WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WTO Brenton, Paul Hoppe, Mombert Clothing and Export Diversification : Still a Route to Growth for Low-Income Countries? |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4343 |
| description |
Can the clothing sector be a driver of
export diversification and growth for today's
low-income countries as it was in the past for countries
that have graduated into middle income? This paper assesses
this issue taking into account key changes to the market for
clothing: the emergence of India and especially China as
exporting countries; the rise of global production chains;
the removal of quotas from the global trading regime but the
continued presence of high tariffs and substantial trade
preferences; the increasing importance of large buyers in
developed countries and their concerns regarding risk and
reputation; and the increasing importance of time in
defining sourcing decisions. To assess the importance of the
factors shaping the global clothing market, the authors
estimate a gravity model to explain jointly the propensity
to export clothing and the magnitude of exports from
developing countries to the E U and US markets. This
analysis identifies the quality of governance as an
important determinant of sourcing decisions and that there
appears to be a general bias against sourcing apparel from
African countries, which is only partially overcome by trade preferences. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Brenton, Paul Hoppe, Mombert |
| author_facet |
Brenton, Paul Hoppe, Mombert |
| author_sort |
Brenton, Paul |
| title |
Clothing and Export Diversification : Still a Route to Growth for Low-Income Countries? |
| title_short |
Clothing and Export Diversification : Still a Route to Growth for Low-Income Countries? |
| title_full |
Clothing and Export Diversification : Still a Route to Growth for Low-Income Countries? |
| title_fullStr |
Clothing and Export Diversification : Still a Route to Growth for Low-Income Countries? |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Clothing and Export Diversification : Still a Route to Growth for Low-Income Countries? |
| title_sort |
clothing and export diversification : still a route to growth for low-income countries? |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/09/8267332/clothing-export-diversification-still-route-growth-low-income-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7334 |
| _version_ |
1764402348548947968 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-73342021-04-23T14:02:34Z Clothing and Export Diversification : Still a Route to Growth for Low-Income Countries? Brenton, Paul Hoppe, Mombert ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY AGGREGATE EXPORTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS APPAREL APPAREL EXPORTS APPAREL GOODS APPAREL MARKET APPAREL PRODUCERS APPAREL PRODUCTS APPAREL TRADE AVERAGE TARIFF AVERAGE TARIFFS BARRIERS TO ENTRY BILATERAL IMPORTS BILATERAL TRADE BORDER CROSSING BUSINESS CLIMATE BUSINESS CLIMATES BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CENTRAL AMERICA COMMODITY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES COMPETITIVE POSITION COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMER DEMAND CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY COST OF TRANSPORT COUNTRY MARKETS CUSTOMS CUSTOMS CLEARANCE CUSTOMS PROCEDURES DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DOMESTIC ECONOMY DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DOMESTIC TRADE DRIVERS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC RISK ECONOMIC SIZE ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF TRADE EPZ EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT LICENCES EXPORT PERFORMANCE EXPORT PROCEDURES EXPORT PROCESSING EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES EXPORT SHARE EXPORTERS EXPORTS FEDERAL RESERVE FINAL GOODS FOREIGN MARKETS FUEL GDP GDP PER CAPITA GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL EXPORTS GLOBAL MARKET GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL TRADE GLOBAL TRADING GOOD GOVERNANCE GOVERNANCE INDICATOR GOVERNANCE INDICATORS GOVERNMENT ACTION GRAVITY APPROACH GRAVITY EQUATION GRAVITY MODEL GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH GRAVITY VARIABLES GROWTH RATES HIGH TARIFFS HIGH TRANSPORT HUMAN CAPITAL IMPERFECT COMPETITION IMPORT DUTIES IMPORT PENETRATION IMPORT PROTECTION IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORT VALUE INCOME INCOMES INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES INDUSTRIALIZATION INSURANCE INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL FINANCE INTERNATIONAL INVESTORS INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORY INVESTMENT CLIMATE LABOR MARKETS LDCS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARKET PENETRATION MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION NATURAL RESOURCE OUTPUT PACIFIC REGION PER CAPITA INCOME POSITIVE EFFECTS PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRICE COMPETITION PRODUCTION COSTS PROTECTIONIST QUALITY OF TRANSPORT QUOTAS REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS REPUTATION RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN ROAD ROUTE ROUTES RULES OF ORIGIN SMALL COUNTRIES SOURCING SPECIALIZATION SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF PROTECTION TARIFF RATES TAX TELECOMMUNICATIONS TELEPHONE SERVICES TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE BARRIER TRADE BARRIERS TRADE COSTS TRADE DATA TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FINANCE TRADE FLOWS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE PATTERNS TRADE POLICY TRADE PREFERENCES TRADE REGIME TRADE RELATIONSHIPS TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE STRATEGY TRADING VOLUMES TRAINS TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSIT TRANSIT SYSTEMS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURES TRANSPORT SERVICES TRANSPORTATION TRUE UNSKILLED LABOR VALUE ADDED VALUE OF EXPORTS VOLUME OF TRADE WAGE RATES WAGES WEALTH WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WORLD ECONOMY WORLD MARKET WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WTO Can the clothing sector be a driver of export diversification and growth for today's low-income countries as it was in the past for countries that have graduated into middle income? This paper assesses this issue taking into account key changes to the market for clothing: the emergence of India and especially China as exporting countries; the rise of global production chains; the removal of quotas from the global trading regime but the continued presence of high tariffs and substantial trade preferences; the increasing importance of large buyers in developed countries and their concerns regarding risk and reputation; and the increasing importance of time in defining sourcing decisions. To assess the importance of the factors shaping the global clothing market, the authors estimate a gravity model to explain jointly the propensity to export clothing and the magnitude of exports from developing countries to the E U and US markets. This analysis identifies the quality of governance as an important determinant of sourcing decisions and that there appears to be a general bias against sourcing apparel from African countries, which is only partially overcome by trade preferences. 2012-06-06T20:31:44Z 2012-06-06T20:31:44Z 2007-09 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/09/8267332/clothing-export-diversification-still-route-growth-low-income-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7334 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4343 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research |