Migration, School Attainment and Child Labor : Evidence from Rural Pakistan

Migration, School Attainment and Child Labor : Evidence from Rural Pakistan

Inequalities in access to education pose a significant barrier to development. It has been argued that this reflects, in part, borrowing constraints that inhibit private investment in human capital by the poor. One promise of the recent proposals to open international labor markets to allow for the...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Mansuri, Ghazala
Format: Policy Research Working Paper
Language:English
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:
ACCESS TO EDUCATION
ACCESS TO SCHOOLING
ADULTS
AGE COHORT
AGE GROUPS
CHILD CARE
CHILD EDUCATION
CHILD LABOR
CHILDREN START SCHOOL
COUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENT
DISTRICTS
DROPOUT OF SCHOOL
DROPOUT RATES
DROPOUTS
EDUCATED WOMEN
EDUCATION
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
ENROLLMENT
ENROLLMENT RATES
ENROLLMENT RATES FOR GIRLS
EXTENDED FAMILIES
EXTENDED FAMILY
FAMILIES
FAMILY LABOR
FAMILY LIFE
FEMALE CHILDREN
FEMALE HEAD
FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS
FEMALE HEADS
FEMALE ILLITERACY
FIRST GRADE
FORMAL SCHOOLING
GENDER
GENDER DIFFERENCES
GENDER DIFFERENTIALS
GENDER GAP
GENDER GAPS
GENDER INEQUALITIES
GENDER INEQUALITY
GIRLS
HEALTH
HIGH SCHOOL
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
IDENTITY
INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS
INVESTMENTS
INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION
LABOR MARKET
LABOR MARKETS
LEVEL OF EDUCATION
LEVELS OF ENROLLMENT
LOW EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
MALE MIGRANTS
MARRIED MALE
MARRIED MEN
MIDDLE SCHOOL
MIGRANT
MIGRANT CHILDREN
MIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS
MIGRANTS
MIGRATION
MIGRATION EXPERIENCE
MIGRATION STATUS
PARENTAL EDUCATION
POWER
PRODUCTIVITY
REMITTANCE
REMITTANCES
RETENTION RATES
RETURNS TO EDUCATION
RURAL HOUSEHOLDS
SCHOOL AGE
SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN
SCHOOL DROPOUT
SCHOOL ENROLLMENT
SCHOOL QUALITY
SCHOOL RETENTION
SCHOOLING
SCHOOLING FOR GIRLS
SKILLED WORKERS
SOCIAL NETWORKS
SOCIOLOGISTS
VILLAGE LEVEL
VILLAGES
WORKING CHILDREN
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/06/6871750/migration-school-attainment-child-labor-evidence-rural-pakistan
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8422
Description
Summary:Inequalities in access to education pose a significant barrier to development. It has been argued that this reflects, in part, borrowing constraints that inhibit private investment in human capital by the poor. One promise of the recent proposals to open international labor markets to allow for the temporary economic migration of low-skilled workers from developing to industrial countries is its potential impact on human capital accumulation by the poor. The large remittance flows from migrants to their communities of origin underscores this aspect of migration. However, migration can also transform expectations of future employment and induce changes in household structure that can exert an independent effect on the private returns to investment in human capital. The author explores the relationship between temporary economic migration and investment in child schooling. A key challenge is to deal appropriately with selection into migration. She finds that the potential positive effects of temporary economic migration on human capital accumulation are large. Moreover, the gains are much greater for girls, yielding a very substantial reduction in gender inequalities in access to education. Significantly, though, the gains appear to arise almost entirely from the greater resource flows to migrant households. The author cannot detect any effect of future migration prospects on schooling decisions. More significantly, she does not find any protective effect of migration-induced female headship on schooling outcomes for girls. Rather, female headship appears to protect boys at the cost of girls.

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