Migration, Sex Bias, and Child Growth in Rural Pakistan
Temporary economic migration is undertaken largely in response to resource constraints. This is evident in the volume of remittances sent back by migrants to their families of origin. In agricultural settings, where those left behind are likely to face considerable exposure to uninsured income risk,...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/06/6871759/migration-sex-bias-child-growth-rural-pakistan http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8423 |
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okr-10986-84232021-04-23T14:02:41Z Migration, Sex Bias, and Child Growth in Rural Pakistan Mansuri, Ghazala ADULTHOOD BIRTH WEIGHTS CARE SERVICES CHILD CARE CHILD HEALTH CHILD NUTRITION COUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENT CULTURAL CHANGE DEMOGRAPHY DISCRIMINATION DISTRICTS EDUCATION EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE EXERCISES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILIES FEMALE MORTALITY FOOD INTAKE GENDER GENDER BIAS GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER GAPS GIRLS HEALTH HEALTH CARE HEALTH FACILITY HEALTH INTERVENTIONS HEALTH OUTCOMES HOUSEHOLDS IDENTITY INEQUALITY INFECTIONS INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS LABOR FORCE LAND OWNERSHIP LANDOWNERSHIP MALE MIGRANTS MARRIED MALE MATERNAL MORTALITY MIGRANT MIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MIGRATION EXPERIENCE MIGRATION STATUS MORBIDITY MORTALITY MORTALITY RISKS NUTRITION NUTRITIONAL STATUS OLDER CHILDREN OLDER GIRLS POWER PUBLIC HEALTH REMITTANCE REMITTANCES RURAL HOUSEHOLDS SEX SIBLINGS SOCIAL NETWORKS SON PREFERENCE UNEMPLOYMENT VILLAGES YOUNG GIRLS YOUNGER GIRLS Temporary economic migration is undertaken largely in response to resource constraints. This is evident in the volume of remittances sent back by migrants to their families of origin. In agricultural settings, where those left behind are likely to face considerable exposure to uninsured income risk, such resource flows should translate into better risk bearing capacity. In this paper the author takes up this question by asking whether economic migration allows households to avoid costly risk coping strategies. She focuses on early child growth since there is considerable epidemiological evidence that very young children are particularly vulnerable to shocks that lead to growth faltering, with substantial long-term health consequences. The data come from rural Pakistan, where, as in the rest of Asia, son preference is substantial and there are large gender gaps in most developmental outcomes. As such, the interest is in examining also whether migration-induced resource flows allow households to extend better nutrition and health care protection to girls. Recent work on the intra-household allocation of resources and risk has also shown that gender differences in the relative burden of risk may be important and that the allocation of resources to daughters is often one margin along which poor households adjust to uninsurable transitory income shocks. After accounting for selection into migration, the results indicate that migration has a substantially larger positive impact on growth outcomes for young girls. And the growth advantage is sustained among older girls, suggesting potential intergenerational benefits of averting nutritional and other health shocks for girls in early childhood. These results are further validated by restricting the sample to migrant households and comparing the growth outcomes of siblings before and after migration. 2012-06-19T15:45:10Z 2012-06-19T15:45:10Z 2006-06 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/06/6871759/migration-sex-bias-child-growth-rural-pakistan http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8423 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3946 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia Pakistan |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ADULTHOOD BIRTH WEIGHTS CARE SERVICES CHILD CARE CHILD HEALTH CHILD NUTRITION COUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENT CULTURAL CHANGE DEMOGRAPHY DISCRIMINATION DISTRICTS EDUCATION EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE EXERCISES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILIES FEMALE MORTALITY FOOD INTAKE GENDER GENDER BIAS GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER GAPS GIRLS HEALTH HEALTH CARE HEALTH FACILITY HEALTH INTERVENTIONS HEALTH OUTCOMES HOUSEHOLDS IDENTITY INEQUALITY INFECTIONS INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS LABOR FORCE LAND OWNERSHIP LANDOWNERSHIP MALE MIGRANTS MARRIED MALE MATERNAL MORTALITY MIGRANT MIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MIGRATION EXPERIENCE MIGRATION STATUS MORBIDITY MORTALITY MORTALITY RISKS NUTRITION NUTRITIONAL STATUS OLDER CHILDREN OLDER GIRLS POWER PUBLIC HEALTH REMITTANCE REMITTANCES RURAL HOUSEHOLDS SEX SIBLINGS SOCIAL NETWORKS SON PREFERENCE UNEMPLOYMENT VILLAGES YOUNG GIRLS YOUNGER GIRLS |
| spellingShingle |
ADULTHOOD BIRTH WEIGHTS CARE SERVICES CHILD CARE CHILD HEALTH CHILD NUTRITION COUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENT CULTURAL CHANGE DEMOGRAPHY DISCRIMINATION DISTRICTS EDUCATION EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE EXERCISES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILIES FEMALE MORTALITY FOOD INTAKE GENDER GENDER BIAS GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER GAPS GIRLS HEALTH HEALTH CARE HEALTH FACILITY HEALTH INTERVENTIONS HEALTH OUTCOMES HOUSEHOLDS IDENTITY INEQUALITY INFECTIONS INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS LABOR FORCE LAND OWNERSHIP LANDOWNERSHIP MALE MIGRANTS MARRIED MALE MATERNAL MORTALITY MIGRANT MIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MIGRATION EXPERIENCE MIGRATION STATUS MORBIDITY MORTALITY MORTALITY RISKS NUTRITION NUTRITIONAL STATUS OLDER CHILDREN OLDER GIRLS POWER PUBLIC HEALTH REMITTANCE REMITTANCES RURAL HOUSEHOLDS SEX SIBLINGS SOCIAL NETWORKS SON PREFERENCE UNEMPLOYMENT VILLAGES YOUNG GIRLS YOUNGER GIRLS Mansuri, Ghazala Migration, Sex Bias, and Child Growth in Rural Pakistan |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia Pakistan |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3946 |
| description |
Temporary economic migration is undertaken largely in response to resource constraints. This is evident in the volume of remittances sent back by migrants to their families of origin. In agricultural settings, where those left behind are likely to face considerable exposure to uninsured income risk, such resource flows should translate into better risk bearing capacity. In this paper the author takes up this question by asking whether economic migration allows households to avoid costly risk coping strategies. She focuses on early child growth since there is considerable epidemiological evidence that very young children are particularly vulnerable to shocks that lead to growth faltering, with substantial long-term health consequences. The data come from rural Pakistan, where, as in the rest of Asia, son preference is substantial and there are large gender gaps in most developmental outcomes. As such, the interest is in examining also whether migration-induced resource flows allow households to extend better nutrition and health care protection to girls. Recent work on the intra-household allocation of resources and risk has also shown that gender differences in the relative burden of risk may be important and that the allocation of resources to daughters is often one margin along which poor households adjust to uninsurable transitory income shocks. After accounting for selection into migration, the results indicate that migration has a substantially larger positive impact on growth outcomes for young girls. And the growth advantage is sustained among older girls, suggesting potential intergenerational benefits of averting nutritional and other health shocks for girls in early childhood. These results are further validated by restricting the sample to migrant households and comparing the growth outcomes of siblings before and after migration. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Mansuri, Ghazala |
| author_facet |
Mansuri, Ghazala |
| author_sort |
Mansuri, Ghazala |
| title |
Migration, Sex Bias, and Child Growth in Rural Pakistan |
| title_short |
Migration, Sex Bias, and Child Growth in Rural Pakistan |
| title_full |
Migration, Sex Bias, and Child Growth in Rural Pakistan |
| title_fullStr |
Migration, Sex Bias, and Child Growth in Rural Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Migration, Sex Bias, and Child Growth in Rural Pakistan |
| title_sort |
migration, sex bias, and child growth in rural pakistan |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/06/6871759/migration-sex-bias-child-growth-rural-pakistan http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8423 |
| _version_ |
1764406238213308416 |