The Rise and Fall of Training and Visit Extension : An Asian Mini-drama with an African Epilogue
The paper reviews the origins and evolution of the Training and Visit (T&V) extension system, which was promoted by the World Bank in 1975-98 in over 50 developing countries. The discussion seeks to clarify the context within which the approach was implemented, and to analyze the causes for its...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/05/6801915/rise-fall-training-visit-extension-asian-mini-drama-african-epilogue http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8447 |
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okr-10986-84472021-04-23T14:02:40Z The Rise and Fall of Training and Visit Extension : An Asian Mini-drama with an African Epilogue Anderson, Jock R. Feder, Gershon Ganguly, Sushma ACCOUNTABILITY AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION SERVICES AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS AGRICULTURE BI BUREAUCRACIES CLIENT COUNTRIES COUNTRIES CREDIT POLICIES CROPS CULTURAL CHANGE ECONOMICS EQUIPMENT EXTENSION EXTENSION AGENTS EXTENSION SERVICES FARM PRODUCTIVITY FARM RESEARCH FARMER FARMER PARTICIPATION FARMERS FARMING SYSTEMS FOOD PRODUCTION HOUSING ILLITERACY INFORMATION DISSEMINATION INNOVATIONS INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IRRIGATION LIVESTOCK LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS MARKETING MEDIA NATIONAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS NGOS NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NUTRITION POOR POOR PEOPLE PROGRAMS QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENTS RESEARCH CENTERS RURAL DEVELOPMENT SCIENTISTS SMALLHOLDER FARMERS TRAINING ACTIVITIES TRANSPORT VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT VILLAGE LEVEL The paper reviews the origins and evolution of the Training and Visit (T&V) extension system, which was promoted by the World Bank in 1975-98 in over 50 developing countries. The discussion seeks to clarify the context within which the approach was implemented, and to analyze the causes for its lack of sustainability and its ultimate abandonment. The paper identifies some of the challenges faced by the T&V approach as being typical of a large public extension system, where issues of scale, interaction with the agricultural research systems, inability to attribute benefits, weak accountability, and lack of political support tend to lead to incentive problems among staff and managers of extension, and limited budgetary resources. The different incentives and outlook of domestic stakeholders and external donor agencies are also reviewed. The main cause of the T&V system's disappearance is attributed to the incompatibility of its high recurrent costs with the limited budgets available domestically, leading to fiscal unsustainability. The paper concludes with some lessons that apply to donor-driven public extension initiatives, and more generally to rural development fads. The role of timely, independent, and rigorous evaluative studies is specifically highlighted. 2012-06-19T18:12:03Z 2012-06-19T18:12:03Z 2006-05 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/05/6801915/rise-fall-training-visit-extension-asian-mini-drama-african-epilogue http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8447 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3928 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACCOUNTABILITY AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION SERVICES AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS AGRICULTURE BI BUREAUCRACIES CLIENT COUNTRIES COUNTRIES CREDIT POLICIES CROPS CULTURAL CHANGE ECONOMICS EQUIPMENT EXTENSION EXTENSION AGENTS EXTENSION SERVICES FARM PRODUCTIVITY FARM RESEARCH FARMER FARMER PARTICIPATION FARMERS FARMING SYSTEMS FOOD PRODUCTION HOUSING ILLITERACY INFORMATION DISSEMINATION INNOVATIONS INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IRRIGATION LIVESTOCK LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS MARKETING MEDIA NATIONAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS NGOS NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NUTRITION POOR POOR PEOPLE PROGRAMS QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENTS RESEARCH CENTERS RURAL DEVELOPMENT SCIENTISTS SMALLHOLDER FARMERS TRAINING ACTIVITIES TRANSPORT VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT VILLAGE LEVEL |
| spellingShingle |
ACCOUNTABILITY AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION SERVICES AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS AGRICULTURE BI BUREAUCRACIES CLIENT COUNTRIES COUNTRIES CREDIT POLICIES CROPS CULTURAL CHANGE ECONOMICS EQUIPMENT EXTENSION EXTENSION AGENTS EXTENSION SERVICES FARM PRODUCTIVITY FARM RESEARCH FARMER FARMER PARTICIPATION FARMERS FARMING SYSTEMS FOOD PRODUCTION HOUSING ILLITERACY INFORMATION DISSEMINATION INNOVATIONS INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IRRIGATION LIVESTOCK LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS MARKETING MEDIA NATIONAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS NGOS NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NUTRITION POOR POOR PEOPLE PROGRAMS QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENTS RESEARCH CENTERS RURAL DEVELOPMENT SCIENTISTS SMALLHOLDER FARMERS TRAINING ACTIVITIES TRANSPORT VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT VILLAGE LEVEL Anderson, Jock R. Feder, Gershon Ganguly, Sushma The Rise and Fall of Training and Visit Extension : An Asian Mini-drama with an African Epilogue |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3928 |
| description |
The paper reviews the origins and evolution of the Training and Visit (T&V) extension system, which was promoted by the World Bank in 1975-98 in over 50 developing countries. The discussion seeks to clarify the context within which the approach was implemented, and to analyze the causes for its lack of sustainability and its ultimate abandonment. The paper identifies some of the challenges faced by the T&V approach as being typical of a large public extension system, where issues of scale, interaction with the agricultural research systems, inability to attribute benefits, weak accountability, and lack of political support tend to lead to incentive problems among staff and managers of extension, and limited budgetary resources. The different incentives and outlook of domestic stakeholders and external donor agencies are also reviewed. The main cause of the T&V system's disappearance is attributed to the incompatibility of its high recurrent costs with the limited budgets available domestically, leading to fiscal unsustainability. The paper concludes with some lessons that apply to donor-driven public extension initiatives, and more generally to rural development fads. The role of timely, independent, and rigorous evaluative studies is specifically highlighted. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Anderson, Jock R. Feder, Gershon Ganguly, Sushma |
| author_facet |
Anderson, Jock R. Feder, Gershon Ganguly, Sushma |
| author_sort |
Anderson, Jock R. |
| title |
The Rise and Fall of Training and Visit Extension : An Asian Mini-drama with an African Epilogue |
| title_short |
The Rise and Fall of Training and Visit Extension : An Asian Mini-drama with an African Epilogue |
| title_full |
The Rise and Fall of Training and Visit Extension : An Asian Mini-drama with an African Epilogue |
| title_fullStr |
The Rise and Fall of Training and Visit Extension : An Asian Mini-drama with an African Epilogue |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Rise and Fall of Training and Visit Extension : An Asian Mini-drama with an African Epilogue |
| title_sort |
rise and fall of training and visit extension : an asian mini-drama with an african epilogue |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/05/6801915/rise-fall-training-visit-extension-asian-mini-drama-african-epilogue http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8447 |
| _version_ |
1764406030908784640 |