The Doha Round, Poverty and Regional Inequality in Brazil

This paper addresses the potential effects of the Doha round of trade negotiations on poverty and income distribution in Brazil, using an applied general equilibrium (AGE) and micro-simulation model of Brazil tailored for income distribution and poverty analysis. Of particular importance is the fact...

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Main Authors:	Filho, Joaquim Bento de Souza Ferreira, Horridge, Mark
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURE AVERAGE INEQUALITY AVERAGE POVERTY BASE YEAR BENCHMARK CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CPI CROP MIX DATA SET DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES DEMAND CURVES DEMAND SIDE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ELASTICITIES ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE RATE EXPENDITURE SURVEY EXPENDITURES EXPORTS EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT EXTREME POVERTY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FOREIGN TRADE GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL HEADCOUNT RATIO HIGH CONCENTRATION HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPORTS INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS INCOME EFFECT INCOME GENERATION INCOME GROUPS INCOME HOUSEHOLDS INCOME INCREASE INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME SOURCE INCREASE POVERTY INEQUALITY MEASURES INFLATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR INPUTS LABOR MARKET LEISURE LINEAR MODEL MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY MINIMUM WAGE MINIMUM WAGES MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTIPLIER EFFECTS NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT NET EFFECT OIL PER CAPITA INCOME PER-CAPITA INCOME POLICY CHANGES POLICY MEASURES POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR BENEFIT POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POVERTY POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE CHANGES QUANTITATIVE APPROACH REAL EXCHANGE RATE REAL INCOME REAL TERMS REAL WAGES REDUCTIONS REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL LEVEL RELATIVE PRICES RELATIVE WAGES RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RURAL AREAS SIMULATION TECHNIQUES SKILLED LABOR SKILLED WORKERS TAX COLLECTION TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TERMS OF TRADE TRADE BALANCE TRADE BARRIERS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE URBAN AREAS WAGES WTO
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/09/6259353/doha-round-poverty-regional-inequality-brazil http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8591

id	okr-10986-8591
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-85912021-04-23T14:02:43Z The Doha Round, Poverty and Regional Inequality in Brazil Filho, Joaquim Bento de Souza Ferreira Horridge, Mark AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURE AVERAGE INEQUALITY AVERAGE POVERTY BASE YEAR BENCHMARK CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CPI CROP MIX DATA SET DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES DEMAND CURVES DEMAND SIDE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ELASTICITIES ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE RATE EXPENDITURE SURVEY EXPENDITURES EXPORTS EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT EXTREME POVERTY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FOREIGN TRADE GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL HEADCOUNT RATIO HIGH CONCENTRATION HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPORTS INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS INCOME EFFECT INCOME GENERATION INCOME GROUPS INCOME HOUSEHOLDS INCOME INCREASE INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME SOURCE INCREASE POVERTY INEQUALITY MEASURES INFLATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR INPUTS LABOR MARKET LEISURE LINEAR MODEL MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY MINIMUM WAGE MINIMUM WAGES MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTIPLIER EFFECTS NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT NET EFFECT OIL PER CAPITA INCOME PER-CAPITA INCOME POLICY CHANGES POLICY MEASURES POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR BENEFIT POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POVERTY POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE CHANGES QUANTITATIVE APPROACH REAL EXCHANGE RATE REAL INCOME REAL TERMS REAL WAGES REDUCTIONS REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL LEVEL RELATIVE PRICES RELATIVE WAGES RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RURAL AREAS SIMULATION TECHNIQUES SKILLED LABOR SKILLED WORKERS TAX COLLECTION TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TERMS OF TRADE TRADE BALANCE TRADE BARRIERS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE URBAN AREAS WAGES WTO This paper addresses the potential effects of the Doha round of trade negotiations on poverty and income distribution in Brazil, using an applied general equilibrium (AGE) and micro-simulation model of Brazil tailored for income distribution and poverty analysis. Of particular importance is the fact that the representative household hypothesis is replaced by a detailed representation of households. The model distinguishes 10 different labor types and has 270 different household expenditure patterns. Income can originate from 41 different production activities (which produce 52 commodities), located in 27 different regions in the country. The AGE model communicates to a micro-simulation model that has 112,055 Brazilian households and 263,938 adults. Poverty and income distribution indices are computed over the entire sample of households and persons, before and after the policy shocks. Model results show that even important trade policy shocks, such as those applied in this study, do not generate dramatic changes in the structure of poverty and income distribution in the Brazilian economy. The simulated effects on poverty and income distribution are positive, but rather small. The benefits are concentrated in the poorest households. 2012-06-20T21:03:45Z 2012-06-20T21:03:45Z 2005-09 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/09/6259353/doha-round-poverty-regional-inequality-brazil http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8591 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3701 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Latin America & Caribbean Brazil
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURE AVERAGE INEQUALITY AVERAGE POVERTY BASE YEAR BENCHMARK CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CPI CROP MIX DATA SET DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES DEMAND CURVES DEMAND SIDE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ELASTICITIES ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE RATE EXPENDITURE SURVEY EXPENDITURES EXPORTS EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT EXTREME POVERTY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FOREIGN TRADE GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL HEADCOUNT RATIO HIGH CONCENTRATION HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPORTS INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS INCOME EFFECT INCOME GENERATION INCOME GROUPS INCOME HOUSEHOLDS INCOME INCREASE INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME SOURCE INCREASE POVERTY INEQUALITY MEASURES INFLATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR INPUTS LABOR MARKET LEISURE LINEAR MODEL MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY MINIMUM WAGE MINIMUM WAGES MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTIPLIER EFFECTS NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT NET EFFECT OIL PER CAPITA INCOME PER-CAPITA INCOME POLICY CHANGES POLICY MEASURES POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR BENEFIT POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POVERTY POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE CHANGES QUANTITATIVE APPROACH REAL EXCHANGE RATE REAL INCOME REAL TERMS REAL WAGES REDUCTIONS REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL LEVEL RELATIVE PRICES RELATIVE WAGES RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RURAL AREAS SIMULATION TECHNIQUES SKILLED LABOR SKILLED WORKERS TAX COLLECTION TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TERMS OF TRADE TRADE BALANCE TRADE BARRIERS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE URBAN AREAS WAGES WTO
spellingShingle	AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURE AVERAGE INEQUALITY AVERAGE POVERTY BASE YEAR BENCHMARK CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CPI CROP MIX DATA SET DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES DEMAND CURVES DEMAND SIDE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ELASTICITIES ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE RATE EXPENDITURE SURVEY EXPENDITURES EXPORTS EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT EXTREME POVERTY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FOREIGN TRADE GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL HEADCOUNT RATIO HIGH CONCENTRATION HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPORTS INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS INCOME EFFECT INCOME GENERATION INCOME GROUPS INCOME HOUSEHOLDS INCOME INCREASE INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME SOURCE INCREASE POVERTY INEQUALITY MEASURES INFLATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR INPUTS LABOR MARKET LEISURE LINEAR MODEL MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY MINIMUM WAGE MINIMUM WAGES MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTIPLIER EFFECTS NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT NET EFFECT OIL PER CAPITA INCOME PER-CAPITA INCOME POLICY CHANGES POLICY MEASURES POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR BENEFIT POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POVERTY POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE CHANGES QUANTITATIVE APPROACH REAL EXCHANGE RATE REAL INCOME REAL TERMS REAL WAGES REDUCTIONS REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL LEVEL RELATIVE PRICES RELATIVE WAGES RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RURAL AREAS SIMULATION TECHNIQUES SKILLED LABOR SKILLED WORKERS TAX COLLECTION TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TERMS OF TRADE TRADE BALANCE TRADE BARRIERS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE URBAN AREAS WAGES WTO Filho, Joaquim Bento de Souza Ferreira Horridge, Mark The Doha Round, Poverty and Regional Inequality in Brazil
geographic_facet	Latin America & Caribbean Brazil
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3701
description	This paper addresses the potential effects of the Doha round of trade negotiations on poverty and income distribution in Brazil, using an applied general equilibrium (AGE) and micro-simulation model of Brazil tailored for income distribution and poverty analysis. Of particular importance is the fact that the representative household hypothesis is replaced by a detailed representation of households. The model distinguishes 10 different labor types and has 270 different household expenditure patterns. Income can originate from 41 different production activities (which produce 52 commodities), located in 27 different regions in the country. The AGE model communicates to a micro-simulation model that has 112,055 Brazilian households and 263,938 adults. Poverty and income distribution indices are computed over the entire sample of households and persons, before and after the policy shocks. Model results show that even important trade policy shocks, such as those applied in this study, do not generate dramatic changes in the structure of poverty and income distribution in the Brazilian economy. The simulated effects on poverty and income distribution are positive, but rather small. The benefits are concentrated in the poorest households.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Filho, Joaquim Bento de Souza Ferreira Horridge, Mark
author_facet	Filho, Joaquim Bento de Souza Ferreira Horridge, Mark
author_sort	Filho, Joaquim Bento de Souza Ferreira
title	The Doha Round, Poverty and Regional Inequality in Brazil
title_short	The Doha Round, Poverty and Regional Inequality in Brazil
title_full	The Doha Round, Poverty and Regional Inequality in Brazil
title_fullStr	The Doha Round, Poverty and Regional Inequality in Brazil
title_full_unstemmed	The Doha Round, Poverty and Regional Inequality in Brazil
title_sort	doha round, poverty and regional inequality in brazil
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/09/6259353/doha-round-poverty-regional-inequality-brazil http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8591
_version_	1764407743957958656

The Doha Round, Poverty and Regional Inequality in Brazil

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