Addressing China’s Growing Water Shortages and Associated Social and Environmental Consequences
China has experienced a wide-scale and rapid transformation from an agricultural based economy to the manufacturing workshop of the world. The associated relocation of the population from relatively low density rural areas to very high density urban areas is having a significant impact on the quanti...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/04/6733895/addressing-chinas-growing-water-shortages-associated-social-environmental-consequences http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8708 |
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okr-10986-8708 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
AGGREGATE WATER DEMAND AGGREGATE WATER USE AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF ALLOCATION OF WATER ANIMAL PRODUCTION ANNUAL PRECIPITATION AQUATIC LIFE AQUATIC SYSTEMS AVAILABILITY OF WATER AVAILABLE WATER BENEFICIAL USES CHANNELS CLEAN WATER CLIMATIC SHOCKS COASTAL AREAS COD CONSUMPTION OF WATER COST OF WATER CULTIVATED AREA DEEP WELLS DELTAS DEMAND FOR WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT DEMAND MANAGEMENT POLICIES DISTRIBUTION OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION DRAINAGE DRINKING WATER DRINKING WATER SUPPLY DROUGHT ECOSYSTEM EFFECTIVE DEMAND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ESTUARIES FARMERS FISHING FLOOD PROTECTION FRESH WATER FRESHWATER LAKES GLACIERS GROSS VALUE GROUND WATER GROUNDWATER GROUNDWATER TABLES HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLDS INCENTIVES FOR USERS INDUSTRIAL GROWTH INDUSTRIAL USE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL WATER INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS IRRIGATION LARGE URBAN CENTERS LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MARINE AREAS MINISTRY OF WATER MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER DISCHARGES MUNICIPALITIES PESTICIDES POINT SOURCES POLLUTION POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATE PROGRAMS PUBLIC HEALTH PUMPING QUALITY OF WATER RAINFALL RAW SEWAGE RENEWABLE WATER RESOURCES RESIDENTIAL DEMAND RIVER BASIN RIVER BASINS RIVERS RURAL VILLAGES SALTWATER INTRUSION SCARCE WATER SCARCE WATER RESOURCES SILT SUBSIDENCE SUPPLY OF WATER SURFACE RUNOFF SURFACE WATER SUSTAINABLE USE SUSTAINABLE WATER TOILETS TREATING WASTEWATER URBAN AREAS URBAN WATER USE OF WATER WASHING WASTE WATER WASTE WATER TREATMENT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE WASTEWATER TREATMENT WATER ALLOCATION WATER AVAILABILITY WATER BODIES WATER CHARGES WATER CONSERVATION WATER CONSUMPTION WATER DEFICIT WATER DEMAND WATER DIVERSION WATER FLOW WATER LOGGING WATER MANAGEMENT WATER MARKETS WATER NEEDS WATER POLLUTION WATER PRICES WATER PRICING WATER QUALITY WATER QUANTITY WATER REQUIREMENTS WATER RESOURCE WATER RIGHTS WATER SCARCITY WATER SECTOR WATER SHORTAGE WATER SHORTAGES WATER SUPPLIES WATER SUPPLY WATER SYSTEM WATER SYSTEMS WATER TREATMENT PLANTS WATER USE WATER USE EFFICIENCY WATER USE IN AGRICULTURE WATER USER WATER USER ASSOCIATIONS WATER UTILIZATION WATER WITHDRAWALS WATERS WATERSHEDS WATERWAYS WELLS WUA |
| spellingShingle |
AGGREGATE WATER DEMAND AGGREGATE WATER USE AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF ALLOCATION OF WATER ANIMAL PRODUCTION ANNUAL PRECIPITATION AQUATIC LIFE AQUATIC SYSTEMS AVAILABILITY OF WATER AVAILABLE WATER BENEFICIAL USES CHANNELS CLEAN WATER CLIMATIC SHOCKS COASTAL AREAS COD CONSUMPTION OF WATER COST OF WATER CULTIVATED AREA DEEP WELLS DELTAS DEMAND FOR WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT DEMAND MANAGEMENT POLICIES DISTRIBUTION OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION DRAINAGE DRINKING WATER DRINKING WATER SUPPLY DROUGHT ECOSYSTEM EFFECTIVE DEMAND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ESTUARIES FARMERS FISHING FLOOD PROTECTION FRESH WATER FRESHWATER LAKES GLACIERS GROSS VALUE GROUND WATER GROUNDWATER GROUNDWATER TABLES HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLDS INCENTIVES FOR USERS INDUSTRIAL GROWTH INDUSTRIAL USE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL WATER INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS IRRIGATION LARGE URBAN CENTERS LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MARINE AREAS MINISTRY OF WATER MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER DISCHARGES MUNICIPALITIES PESTICIDES POINT SOURCES POLLUTION POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATE PROGRAMS PUBLIC HEALTH PUMPING QUALITY OF WATER RAINFALL RAW SEWAGE RENEWABLE WATER RESOURCES RESIDENTIAL DEMAND RIVER BASIN RIVER BASINS RIVERS RURAL VILLAGES SALTWATER INTRUSION SCARCE WATER SCARCE WATER RESOURCES SILT SUBSIDENCE SUPPLY OF WATER SURFACE RUNOFF SURFACE WATER SUSTAINABLE USE SUSTAINABLE WATER TOILETS TREATING WASTEWATER URBAN AREAS URBAN WATER USE OF WATER WASHING WASTE WATER WASTE WATER TREATMENT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE WASTEWATER TREATMENT WATER ALLOCATION WATER AVAILABILITY WATER BODIES WATER CHARGES WATER CONSERVATION WATER CONSUMPTION WATER DEFICIT WATER DEMAND WATER DIVERSION WATER FLOW WATER LOGGING WATER MANAGEMENT WATER MARKETS WATER NEEDS WATER POLLUTION WATER PRICES WATER PRICING WATER QUALITY WATER QUANTITY WATER REQUIREMENTS WATER RESOURCE WATER RIGHTS WATER SCARCITY WATER SECTOR WATER SHORTAGE WATER SHORTAGES WATER SUPPLIES WATER SUPPLY WATER SYSTEM WATER SYSTEMS WATER TREATMENT PLANTS WATER USE WATER USE EFFICIENCY WATER USE IN AGRICULTURE WATER USER WATER USER ASSOCIATIONS WATER UTILIZATION WATER WITHDRAWALS WATERS WATERSHEDS WATERWAYS WELLS WUA Shalizi, Zmarak Addressing China’s Growing Water Shortages and Associated Social and Environmental Consequences |
| geographic_facet |
East Asia and Pacific China |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3895 |
| description |
China has experienced a wide-scale and rapid transformation from an agricultural based economy to the manufacturing workshop of the world. The associated relocation of the population from relatively low density rural areas to very high density urban areas is having a significant impact on the quantity and quality of water available as inputs into the production and consumption process, as well as the ability of the water system to absorb and neutralize the waste byproducts deposited into it. Water shortages are most severe in the north of the country, where surface water diversion is excessive and groundwater is being depleted. In addition, the quality of water is deteriorating because of pollution, thereby aggravating existing water shortages. The biggest challenge ahead will be for national and local governments to craft policies and rules within China's complex cultural and legal administrative system that provide incentives for users to increase efficiency of water use, and for polluters to clean up the water they use and return clean water to stream flows. Using a standard public economics framework, water requirements for public goods-such as ecosystem needs-should be set aside first, before allocating property rights in water (to enable water markets to function and generate efficient allocation signals). Even then, water markets will have to be regulated to ensure public goods, such as public health, are not compromised. Until water markets are implemented, staying the course on increasing water and wastewater prices administratively and encouraging water conservation are necessary to reduce the wasting of current scarce water resources, as well as the new water supplies to be provided in the future. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Shalizi, Zmarak |
| author_facet |
Shalizi, Zmarak |
| author_sort |
Shalizi, Zmarak |
| title |
Addressing China’s Growing Water Shortages and Associated Social and Environmental Consequences |
| title_short |
Addressing China’s Growing Water Shortages and Associated Social and Environmental Consequences |
| title_full |
Addressing China’s Growing Water Shortages and Associated Social and Environmental Consequences |
| title_fullStr |
Addressing China’s Growing Water Shortages and Associated Social and Environmental Consequences |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Addressing China’s Growing Water Shortages and Associated Social and Environmental Consequences |
| title_sort |
addressing china’s growing water shortages and associated social and environmental consequences |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/04/6733895/addressing-chinas-growing-water-shortages-associated-social-environmental-consequences http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8708 |
| _version_ |
1764406165327839232 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-87082021-04-23T14:02:40Z Addressing China’s Growing Water Shortages and Associated Social and Environmental Consequences Shalizi, Zmarak AGGREGATE WATER DEMAND AGGREGATE WATER USE AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF ALLOCATION OF WATER ANIMAL PRODUCTION ANNUAL PRECIPITATION AQUATIC LIFE AQUATIC SYSTEMS AVAILABILITY OF WATER AVAILABLE WATER BENEFICIAL USES CHANNELS CLEAN WATER CLIMATIC SHOCKS COASTAL AREAS COD CONSUMPTION OF WATER COST OF WATER CULTIVATED AREA DEEP WELLS DELTAS DEMAND FOR WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT DEMAND MANAGEMENT POLICIES DISTRIBUTION OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION DRAINAGE DRINKING WATER DRINKING WATER SUPPLY DROUGHT ECOSYSTEM EFFECTIVE DEMAND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ESTUARIES FARMERS FISHING FLOOD PROTECTION FRESH WATER FRESHWATER LAKES GLACIERS GROSS VALUE GROUND WATER GROUNDWATER GROUNDWATER TABLES HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLDS INCENTIVES FOR USERS INDUSTRIAL GROWTH INDUSTRIAL USE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL WATER INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS IRRIGATION LARGE URBAN CENTERS LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MARINE AREAS MINISTRY OF WATER MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER DISCHARGES MUNICIPALITIES PESTICIDES POINT SOURCES POLLUTION POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATE PROGRAMS PUBLIC HEALTH PUMPING QUALITY OF WATER RAINFALL RAW SEWAGE RENEWABLE WATER RESOURCES RESIDENTIAL DEMAND RIVER BASIN RIVER BASINS RIVERS RURAL VILLAGES SALTWATER INTRUSION SCARCE WATER SCARCE WATER RESOURCES SILT SUBSIDENCE SUPPLY OF WATER SURFACE RUNOFF SURFACE WATER SUSTAINABLE USE SUSTAINABLE WATER TOILETS TREATING WASTEWATER URBAN AREAS URBAN WATER USE OF WATER WASHING WASTE WATER WASTE WATER TREATMENT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE WASTEWATER TREATMENT WATER ALLOCATION WATER AVAILABILITY WATER BODIES WATER CHARGES WATER CONSERVATION WATER CONSUMPTION WATER DEFICIT WATER DEMAND WATER DIVERSION WATER FLOW WATER LOGGING WATER MANAGEMENT WATER MARKETS WATER NEEDS WATER POLLUTION WATER PRICES WATER PRICING WATER QUALITY WATER QUANTITY WATER REQUIREMENTS WATER RESOURCE WATER RIGHTS WATER SCARCITY WATER SECTOR WATER SHORTAGE WATER SHORTAGES WATER SUPPLIES WATER SUPPLY WATER SYSTEM WATER SYSTEMS WATER TREATMENT PLANTS WATER USE WATER USE EFFICIENCY WATER USE IN AGRICULTURE WATER USER WATER USER ASSOCIATIONS WATER UTILIZATION WATER WITHDRAWALS WATERS WATERSHEDS WATERWAYS WELLS WUA China has experienced a wide-scale and rapid transformation from an agricultural based economy to the manufacturing workshop of the world. The associated relocation of the population from relatively low density rural areas to very high density urban areas is having a significant impact on the quantity and quality of water available as inputs into the production and consumption process, as well as the ability of the water system to absorb and neutralize the waste byproducts deposited into it. Water shortages are most severe in the north of the country, where surface water diversion is excessive and groundwater is being depleted. In addition, the quality of water is deteriorating because of pollution, thereby aggravating existing water shortages. The biggest challenge ahead will be for national and local governments to craft policies and rules within China's complex cultural and legal administrative system that provide incentives for users to increase efficiency of water use, and for polluters to clean up the water they use and return clean water to stream flows. Using a standard public economics framework, water requirements for public goods-such as ecosystem needs-should be set aside first, before allocating property rights in water (to enable water markets to function and generate efficient allocation signals). Even then, water markets will have to be regulated to ensure public goods, such as public health, are not compromised. Until water markets are implemented, staying the course on increasing water and wastewater prices administratively and encouraging water conservation are necessary to reduce the wasting of current scarce water resources, as well as the new water supplies to be provided in the future. 2012-06-21T20:15:53Z 2012-06-21T20:15:53Z 2006-04 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/04/6733895/addressing-chinas-growing-water-shortages-associated-social-environmental-consequences http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8708 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3895 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research East Asia and Pacific China |