Trade Liberalization and the Environment in Vietnam

Vietnam's integration with the international economy has increased significantly over the past decade, aided by substantial liberalization of trade, and appears set to increase further as trade-expanding measures take full effect. This dramatic shift in Vietnam's trading patterns has impor...

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Main Authors:	Mani, Muthukumara, Jha, Shreyasi
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ABATEMENT COST ABATEMENT COSTS ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGY ABSOLUTE VALUE AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION INTENSITY BILATERAL AGREEMENTS BILATERAL TRADE CLEAN AIR CLEAN WATER CLEANER TECHNOLOGIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS COMPLIANCE COSTS CPI DIRTY INDUSTRIES DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION DOMESTIC DEMAND DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC SECTORS ECONOMIC WELFARE EMISSIONS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL STUDIES ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS ENVIRONMENTALISTS EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PATTERNS EXPORT STRUCTURE EXPORTS EXTERNAL TRADE EXTERNAL TRADE POLICY FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS FOREIGN INVESTORS FREE TRADE GDP GREENING IMPACT OF TRADE IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION IMPORT CONTROLS IMPORT PROTECTION IMPORTS INCOME INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTIVITY INDUSTRIAL WATER INDUSTRIAL WATER POLLUTION INSURANCE INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS IRON ITC LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MARKET SHARES METALS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION NATURAL RESOURCES NET EXPORTER OIL OPENNESS POLLUTION POLLUTION ABATEMENT POLLUTION HAVENS POLLUTION INTENSITIES POLLUTION INTENSITY POLLUTION INTENSIVE POLLUTION LEVELS POLLUTION PROJECTION PRODUCERS PUBLIC HEALTH PURCHASING POWER RATES OF PROTECTION REAL INCOME RESOURCE USE SPECIALIZATION STRUCTURAL CHANGE TARIFF REDUCTION TEXTILE INDUSTRY TOXIC POLLUTION TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE BARRIERS TRADE FLOWS TRADE LAWS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE OPENNESS TRADE PATTERNS TRADE PERFORMANCE TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE REFORM TRADE REGIME TRADE RESTRICTIONS WAGES WATER POLLUTANTS WATER POLLUTION WORLD MARKETS WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/04/6725512/trade-liberalization-environment-vietnam http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8727

id	okr-10986-8727
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-87272021-04-23T14:02:40Z Trade Liberalization and the Environment in Vietnam Mani, Muthukumara Jha, Shreyasi ABATEMENT COST ABATEMENT COSTS ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGY ABSOLUTE VALUE AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION INTENSITY BILATERAL AGREEMENTS BILATERAL TRADE CLEAN AIR CLEAN WATER CLEANER TECHNOLOGIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS COMPLIANCE COSTS CPI DIRTY INDUSTRIES DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION DOMESTIC DEMAND DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC SECTORS ECONOMIC WELFARE EMISSIONS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL STUDIES ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS ENVIRONMENTALISTS EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PATTERNS EXPORT STRUCTURE EXPORTS EXTERNAL TRADE EXTERNAL TRADE POLICY FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS FOREIGN INVESTORS FREE TRADE GDP GREENING IMPACT OF TRADE IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION IMPORT CONTROLS IMPORT PROTECTION IMPORTS INCOME INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTIVITY INDUSTRIAL WATER INDUSTRIAL WATER POLLUTION INSURANCE INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS IRON ITC LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MARKET SHARES METALS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION NATURAL RESOURCES NET EXPORTER OIL OPENNESS POLLUTION POLLUTION ABATEMENT POLLUTION HAVENS POLLUTION INTENSITIES POLLUTION INTENSITY POLLUTION INTENSIVE POLLUTION LEVELS POLLUTION PROJECTION PRODUCERS PUBLIC HEALTH PURCHASING POWER RATES OF PROTECTION REAL INCOME RESOURCE USE SPECIALIZATION STRUCTURAL CHANGE TARIFF REDUCTION TEXTILE INDUSTRY TOXIC POLLUTION TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE BARRIERS TRADE FLOWS TRADE LAWS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE OPENNESS TRADE PATTERNS TRADE PERFORMANCE TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE REFORM TRADE REGIME TRADE RESTRICTIONS WAGES WATER POLLUTANTS WATER POLLUTION WORLD MARKETS WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO Vietnam's integration with the international economy has increased significantly over the past decade, aided by substantial liberalization of trade, and appears set to increase further as trade-expanding measures take full effect. This dramatic shift in Vietnam's trading patterns has important implications for the environment and use of natural resources. This paper offers a systematic analysis of the trading and investment patterns to give a broader understanding of the environmental implications of greater openness of the economy during the past decade. The results suggest increasing manufacturing and export activity in water and toxic pollution-intensive sectors compared with the less pollution-intensive sectors. The story is, on the surface, consistent with the changing composition of Vietnamese production and exports away from traditional sectors and toward pollution-intensive manufacturing (especially leather and textiles). The paper also highlights the need to consider strengthening environmental policies while further trade liberalization is being contemplated through Vietnam's joining of the World Trade Organization. 2012-06-21T21:04:53Z 2012-06-21T21:04:53Z 2006-04 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/04/6725512/trade-liberalization-environment-vietnam http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8727 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3879 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research East Asia and Pacific Vietnam
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ABATEMENT COST ABATEMENT COSTS ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGY ABSOLUTE VALUE AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION INTENSITY BILATERAL AGREEMENTS BILATERAL TRADE CLEAN AIR CLEAN WATER CLEANER TECHNOLOGIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS COMPLIANCE COSTS CPI DIRTY INDUSTRIES DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION DOMESTIC DEMAND DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC SECTORS ECONOMIC WELFARE EMISSIONS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL STUDIES ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS ENVIRONMENTALISTS EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PATTERNS EXPORT STRUCTURE EXPORTS EXTERNAL TRADE EXTERNAL TRADE POLICY FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS FOREIGN INVESTORS FREE TRADE GDP GREENING IMPACT OF TRADE IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION IMPORT CONTROLS IMPORT PROTECTION IMPORTS INCOME INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTIVITY INDUSTRIAL WATER INDUSTRIAL WATER POLLUTION INSURANCE INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS IRON ITC LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MARKET SHARES METALS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION NATURAL RESOURCES NET EXPORTER OIL OPENNESS POLLUTION POLLUTION ABATEMENT POLLUTION HAVENS POLLUTION INTENSITIES POLLUTION INTENSITY POLLUTION INTENSIVE POLLUTION LEVELS POLLUTION PROJECTION PRODUCERS PUBLIC HEALTH PURCHASING POWER RATES OF PROTECTION REAL INCOME RESOURCE USE SPECIALIZATION STRUCTURAL CHANGE TARIFF REDUCTION TEXTILE INDUSTRY TOXIC POLLUTION TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE BARRIERS TRADE FLOWS TRADE LAWS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE OPENNESS TRADE PATTERNS TRADE PERFORMANCE TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE REFORM TRADE REGIME TRADE RESTRICTIONS WAGES WATER POLLUTANTS WATER POLLUTION WORLD MARKETS WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO
spellingShingle	ABATEMENT COST ABATEMENT COSTS ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGY ABSOLUTE VALUE AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION INTENSITY BILATERAL AGREEMENTS BILATERAL TRADE CLEAN AIR CLEAN WATER CLEANER TECHNOLOGIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS COMPLIANCE COSTS CPI DIRTY INDUSTRIES DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION DOMESTIC DEMAND DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC SECTORS ECONOMIC WELFARE EMISSIONS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL STUDIES ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS ENVIRONMENTALISTS EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PATTERNS EXPORT STRUCTURE EXPORTS EXTERNAL TRADE EXTERNAL TRADE POLICY FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS FOREIGN INVESTORS FREE TRADE GDP GREENING IMPACT OF TRADE IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION IMPORT CONTROLS IMPORT PROTECTION IMPORTS INCOME INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTIVITY INDUSTRIAL WATER INDUSTRIAL WATER POLLUTION INSURANCE INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS IRON ITC LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MARKET SHARES METALS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION NATURAL RESOURCES NET EXPORTER OIL OPENNESS POLLUTION POLLUTION ABATEMENT POLLUTION HAVENS POLLUTION INTENSITIES POLLUTION INTENSITY POLLUTION INTENSIVE POLLUTION LEVELS POLLUTION PROJECTION PRODUCERS PUBLIC HEALTH PURCHASING POWER RATES OF PROTECTION REAL INCOME RESOURCE USE SPECIALIZATION STRUCTURAL CHANGE TARIFF REDUCTION TEXTILE INDUSTRY TOXIC POLLUTION TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE BARRIERS TRADE FLOWS TRADE LAWS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE OPENNESS TRADE PATTERNS TRADE PERFORMANCE TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE REFORM TRADE REGIME TRADE RESTRICTIONS WAGES WATER POLLUTANTS WATER POLLUTION WORLD MARKETS WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO Mani, Muthukumara Jha, Shreyasi Trade Liberalization and the Environment in Vietnam
geographic_facet	East Asia and Pacific Vietnam
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3879
description	Vietnam's integration with the international economy has increased significantly over the past decade, aided by substantial liberalization of trade, and appears set to increase further as trade-expanding measures take full effect. This dramatic shift in Vietnam's trading patterns has important implications for the environment and use of natural resources. This paper offers a systematic analysis of the trading and investment patterns to give a broader understanding of the environmental implications of greater openness of the economy during the past decade. The results suggest increasing manufacturing and export activity in water and toxic pollution-intensive sectors compared with the less pollution-intensive sectors. The story is, on the surface, consistent with the changing composition of Vietnamese production and exports away from traditional sectors and toward pollution-intensive manufacturing (especially leather and textiles). The paper also highlights the need to consider strengthening environmental policies while further trade liberalization is being contemplated through Vietnam's joining of the World Trade Organization.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Mani, Muthukumara Jha, Shreyasi
author_facet	Mani, Muthukumara Jha, Shreyasi
author_sort	Mani, Muthukumara
title	Trade Liberalization and the Environment in Vietnam
title_short	Trade Liberalization and the Environment in Vietnam
title_full	Trade Liberalization and the Environment in Vietnam
title_fullStr	Trade Liberalization and the Environment in Vietnam
title_full_unstemmed	Trade Liberalization and the Environment in Vietnam
title_sort	trade liberalization and the environment in vietnam
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/04/6725512/trade-liberalization-environment-vietnam http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8727
_version_	1764405879543693312

Trade Liberalization and the Environment in Vietnam

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