Migration and Remittances: Causes and Linkages

The authors empirically examine the determinants of remittance flows at the cross-country level. They consider, among other things, the significance of the level of migration, the education level of migrants, and financial sector development in determining remittances. Given the potential endogeneit...

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Main Authors:	Niimi, Yoko, Özden, Çağlar
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO REMITTANCES ACCOUNTING AMOUNT OF REMITTANCES AVERAGE VALUE OF REMITTANCES BALANCE OF PAYMENT BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BALANCE OF PAYMENTS STATISTICS BANKING SECTOR BANKING SYSTEM CAPITAL FLOWS CITIZENS COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES COUNTRY CHARACTERISTICS COUNTRY DATA COUNTRY SIZE CROSS-COUNTRY LEVEL DATA ON REMITTANCES DATA SETS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPOSITS DESTINATION COUNTRY DETERMINANTS OF REMITTANCES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DURABLE GOODS ECONOMETRIC ISSUES ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC RESEARCH EDUCATED MIGRANTS EDUCATION LEVEL EFFECTS OF REMITTANCES EMIGRANT REMITTANCES EMIGRATION EMPIRICAL WORK ERROR TERM ESTIMATION RESULTS EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE VARIATIONS EXCHANGE RATES EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY REUNIFICATION FINANCIAL DEPTH FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL FLOWS FINANCIAL SECTOR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE GDP GDP PER CAPITA GOVERNMENT POLICIES GROWTH RATE HOME COUNTRIES HOME COUNTRY HOST COUNTRY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING IMPACT OF REMITTANCES IMPORTANCE OF REMITTANCES IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INDIVIDUAL DECISIONS INFLATION INFLATION RATE INFORMAL CHANNELS INFORMAL FLOWS INFORMAL REMITTANCE INSURANCE INTEREST RATE INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT WORKERS INTERNATIONAL REMITTANCES LABOR MARKET LEVEL OF EDUCATION MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS MACROECONOMIC LEVEL MICRO DATA MICROECONOMIC ANALYSES MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS MIDDLE EAST MIDDLE EASTERN MIGRANT MIGRANT REMITTANCES MIGRANT TRANSFERS MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MIGRATION DECISION MONEY TRANSFER MONEY TRANSFER FEES MONEY TRANSFERS NATIVE POPULATION NORTH AFRICA NUMBER OF MIGRANTS OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY POPULATION DENSITY POPULATION SIZE POSITIVE EFFECTS PROGRESS RECIPIENT COUNTRIES RECIPIENT COUNTRY REMITTANCE REMITTANCE DATA REMITTANCE FLOWS REMITTANCE INFLOWS REMITTANCES RETURN ON INVESTMENT SEND MONEY SEND REMITTANCES SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TERTIARY EDUCATION TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSACTIONS COSTS URBAN POPULATION URBANIZATION WESTERN EUROPE WORKER REMITTANCES WORKING POPULATION
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/12/7255556/migration-remittances-causes-linkages http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8839

id	okr-10986-8839
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-88392021-04-23T14:02:41Z Migration and Remittances: Causes and Linkages Niimi, Yoko Özden, Çağlar ACCESS TO REMITTANCES ACCOUNTING AMOUNT OF REMITTANCES AVERAGE VALUE OF REMITTANCES BALANCE OF PAYMENT BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BALANCE OF PAYMENTS STATISTICS BANKING SECTOR BANKING SYSTEM CAPITAL FLOWS CITIZENS COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES COUNTRY CHARACTERISTICS COUNTRY DATA COUNTRY SIZE CROSS-COUNTRY LEVEL DATA ON REMITTANCES DATA SETS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPOSITS DESTINATION COUNTRY DETERMINANTS OF REMITTANCES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DURABLE GOODS ECONOMETRIC ISSUES ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC RESEARCH EDUCATED MIGRANTS EDUCATION LEVEL EFFECTS OF REMITTANCES EMIGRANT REMITTANCES EMIGRATION EMPIRICAL WORK ERROR TERM ESTIMATION RESULTS EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE VARIATIONS EXCHANGE RATES EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY REUNIFICATION FINANCIAL DEPTH FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL FLOWS FINANCIAL SECTOR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE GDP GDP PER CAPITA GOVERNMENT POLICIES GROWTH RATE HOME COUNTRIES HOME COUNTRY HOST COUNTRY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING IMPACT OF REMITTANCES IMPORTANCE OF REMITTANCES IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INDIVIDUAL DECISIONS INFLATION INFLATION RATE INFORMAL CHANNELS INFORMAL FLOWS INFORMAL REMITTANCE INSURANCE INTEREST RATE INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT WORKERS INTERNATIONAL REMITTANCES LABOR MARKET LEVEL OF EDUCATION MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS MACROECONOMIC LEVEL MICRO DATA MICROECONOMIC ANALYSES MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS MIDDLE EAST MIDDLE EASTERN MIGRANT MIGRANT REMITTANCES MIGRANT TRANSFERS MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MIGRATION DECISION MONEY TRANSFER MONEY TRANSFER FEES MONEY TRANSFERS NATIVE POPULATION NORTH AFRICA NUMBER OF MIGRANTS OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY POPULATION DENSITY POPULATION SIZE POSITIVE EFFECTS PROGRESS RECIPIENT COUNTRIES RECIPIENT COUNTRY REMITTANCE REMITTANCE DATA REMITTANCE FLOWS REMITTANCE INFLOWS REMITTANCES RETURN ON INVESTMENT SEND MONEY SEND REMITTANCES SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TERTIARY EDUCATION TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSACTIONS COSTS URBAN POPULATION URBANIZATION WESTERN EUROPE WORKER REMITTANCES WORKING POPULATION The authors empirically examine the determinants of remittance flows at the cross-country level. They consider, among other things, the significance of the level of migration, the education level of migrants, and financial sector development in determining remittances. Given the potential endogeneity problems, the migration and financial development variables are instrumented in the estimation. They find that the migration level is the main driver of remittance flows, even after controlling for the endogeneity bias through instrumental variable estimation. The authors also find that the education level of migrants relative to the population in home countries, the size of the economy, and the level of economic development of recipient countries adversely affect remittance flows. While they find the effect of financial sector development to be positive, its significance is not strongly supported in their analysis. 2012-06-22T19:42:22Z 2012-06-22T19:42:22Z 2006-12 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/12/7255556/migration-remittances-causes-linkages http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8839 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 4087 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ACCESS TO REMITTANCES ACCOUNTING AMOUNT OF REMITTANCES AVERAGE VALUE OF REMITTANCES BALANCE OF PAYMENT BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BALANCE OF PAYMENTS STATISTICS BANKING SECTOR BANKING SYSTEM CAPITAL FLOWS CITIZENS COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES COUNTRY CHARACTERISTICS COUNTRY DATA COUNTRY SIZE CROSS-COUNTRY LEVEL DATA ON REMITTANCES DATA SETS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPOSITS DESTINATION COUNTRY DETERMINANTS OF REMITTANCES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DURABLE GOODS ECONOMETRIC ISSUES ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC RESEARCH EDUCATED MIGRANTS EDUCATION LEVEL EFFECTS OF REMITTANCES EMIGRANT REMITTANCES EMIGRATION EMPIRICAL WORK ERROR TERM ESTIMATION RESULTS EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE VARIATIONS EXCHANGE RATES EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY REUNIFICATION FINANCIAL DEPTH FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL FLOWS FINANCIAL SECTOR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE GDP GDP PER CAPITA GOVERNMENT POLICIES GROWTH RATE HOME COUNTRIES HOME COUNTRY HOST COUNTRY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING IMPACT OF REMITTANCES IMPORTANCE OF REMITTANCES IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INDIVIDUAL DECISIONS INFLATION INFLATION RATE INFORMAL CHANNELS INFORMAL FLOWS INFORMAL REMITTANCE INSURANCE INTEREST RATE INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT WORKERS INTERNATIONAL REMITTANCES LABOR MARKET LEVEL OF EDUCATION MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS MACROECONOMIC LEVEL MICRO DATA MICROECONOMIC ANALYSES MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS MIDDLE EAST MIDDLE EASTERN MIGRANT MIGRANT REMITTANCES MIGRANT TRANSFERS MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MIGRATION DECISION MONEY TRANSFER MONEY TRANSFER FEES MONEY TRANSFERS NATIVE POPULATION NORTH AFRICA NUMBER OF MIGRANTS OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY POPULATION DENSITY POPULATION SIZE POSITIVE EFFECTS PROGRESS RECIPIENT COUNTRIES RECIPIENT COUNTRY REMITTANCE REMITTANCE DATA REMITTANCE FLOWS REMITTANCE INFLOWS REMITTANCES RETURN ON INVESTMENT SEND MONEY SEND REMITTANCES SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TERTIARY EDUCATION TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSACTIONS COSTS URBAN POPULATION URBANIZATION WESTERN EUROPE WORKER REMITTANCES WORKING POPULATION
spellingShingle	ACCESS TO REMITTANCES ACCOUNTING AMOUNT OF REMITTANCES AVERAGE VALUE OF REMITTANCES BALANCE OF PAYMENT BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BALANCE OF PAYMENTS STATISTICS BANKING SECTOR BANKING SYSTEM CAPITAL FLOWS CITIZENS COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES COUNTRY CHARACTERISTICS COUNTRY DATA COUNTRY SIZE CROSS-COUNTRY LEVEL DATA ON REMITTANCES DATA SETS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPOSITS DESTINATION COUNTRY DETERMINANTS OF REMITTANCES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DURABLE GOODS ECONOMETRIC ISSUES ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC RESEARCH EDUCATED MIGRANTS EDUCATION LEVEL EFFECTS OF REMITTANCES EMIGRANT REMITTANCES EMIGRATION EMPIRICAL WORK ERROR TERM ESTIMATION RESULTS EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE VARIATIONS EXCHANGE RATES EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY REUNIFICATION FINANCIAL DEPTH FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL FLOWS FINANCIAL SECTOR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE GDP GDP PER CAPITA GOVERNMENT POLICIES GROWTH RATE HOME COUNTRIES HOME COUNTRY HOST COUNTRY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING IMPACT OF REMITTANCES IMPORTANCE OF REMITTANCES IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INDIVIDUAL DECISIONS INFLATION INFLATION RATE INFORMAL CHANNELS INFORMAL FLOWS INFORMAL REMITTANCE INSURANCE INTEREST RATE INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT WORKERS INTERNATIONAL REMITTANCES LABOR MARKET LEVEL OF EDUCATION MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS MACROECONOMIC LEVEL MICRO DATA MICROECONOMIC ANALYSES MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS MIDDLE EAST MIDDLE EASTERN MIGRANT MIGRANT REMITTANCES MIGRANT TRANSFERS MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MIGRATION DECISION MONEY TRANSFER MONEY TRANSFER FEES MONEY TRANSFERS NATIVE POPULATION NORTH AFRICA NUMBER OF MIGRANTS OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY POPULATION DENSITY POPULATION SIZE POSITIVE EFFECTS PROGRESS RECIPIENT COUNTRIES RECIPIENT COUNTRY REMITTANCE REMITTANCE DATA REMITTANCE FLOWS REMITTANCE INFLOWS REMITTANCES RETURN ON INVESTMENT SEND MONEY SEND REMITTANCES SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TERTIARY EDUCATION TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSACTIONS COSTS URBAN POPULATION URBANIZATION WESTERN EUROPE WORKER REMITTANCES WORKING POPULATION Niimi, Yoko Özden, Çağlar Migration and Remittances: Causes and Linkages
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 4087
description	The authors empirically examine the determinants of remittance flows at the cross-country level. They consider, among other things, the significance of the level of migration, the education level of migrants, and financial sector development in determining remittances. Given the potential endogeneity problems, the migration and financial development variables are instrumented in the estimation. They find that the migration level is the main driver of remittance flows, even after controlling for the endogeneity bias through instrumental variable estimation. The authors also find that the education level of migrants relative to the population in home countries, the size of the economy, and the level of economic development of recipient countries adversely affect remittance flows. While they find the effect of financial sector development to be positive, its significance is not strongly supported in their analysis.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Niimi, Yoko Özden, Çağlar
author_facet	Niimi, Yoko Özden, Çağlar
author_sort	Niimi, Yoko
title	Migration and Remittances: Causes and Linkages
title_short	Migration and Remittances: Causes and Linkages
title_full	Migration and Remittances: Causes and Linkages
title_fullStr	Migration and Remittances: Causes and Linkages
title_full_unstemmed	Migration and Remittances: Causes and Linkages
title_sort	migration and remittances: causes and linkages
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/12/7255556/migration-remittances-causes-linkages http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8839
_version_	1764406630111248384

Migration and Remittances: Causes and Linkages

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