Revenue and the Fiscal Impact of Liberalization : The Case of Niger
Using data collected during several missions, the author finds that the principal reasons for low revenue mobilization are (1) the adverse fiscal impact of trade liberalization, (2) the defiscalization of agriculture in the 1970s, (3) the collapse of the uranium boom in the 1980s, and (4) the poor r...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/02/5604264/revenue-fiscal-impact-liberalization-case-niger http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8889 |
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okr-10986-8889 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACCOUNTING ADJUSTMENT POLICIES ADVERSE EFFECTS AGRICULTURE ARABLE LAND CAPITAL GOODS COMMERCIAL POLICY COMMODITY TAXES COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMERS CUSTOMS CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION DEVALUATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMISTS ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EQUILIBRIUM EVASION EXCHANGE RATE EXPORT DUTIES EXPORT EARNINGS EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT TAX EXPORT TAXES EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXPORTS OF GOODS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FISCAL BALANCE FORECASTS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AREAS GDP GNP GNP PER CAPITA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPORT LICENSING IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORTS INCOME INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORIES LEVIES MACROECONOMIC POLICIES MONETARY POLICIES MULTILATERAL TRADE NATURAL RESOURCES OIL OPEN ECONOMIES PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS POLITICAL ECONOMY POSITIVE EFFECTS POVERTY LINE PRODUCERS PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW REAL EFFECTIVE EXCHANGE RATE REFORM PROGRAMS REVENUE COLLECTION REVENUE PERFORMANCE REVENUE SOURCES SAHARA SAHEL SMUGGLING STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF REFORM TAX TAX RATES TAX REFORM TAX REVENUE TAXATION TERMS OF TRADE TIMBER TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DIVERSION TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY REFORM TRADE POLICY REFORMS TRADE PREFERENCES TRADE REFORM TRADE REFORMS TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADE TAXES TRANSPARENCY TREASURY UNEMPLOYMENT UTILITIES WAGES WELFARE GAINS WTO |
| spellingShingle |
ACCOUNTING ADJUSTMENT POLICIES ADVERSE EFFECTS AGRICULTURE ARABLE LAND CAPITAL GOODS COMMERCIAL POLICY COMMODITY TAXES COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMERS CUSTOMS CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION DEVALUATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMISTS ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EQUILIBRIUM EVASION EXCHANGE RATE EXPORT DUTIES EXPORT EARNINGS EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT TAX EXPORT TAXES EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXPORTS OF GOODS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FISCAL BALANCE FORECASTS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AREAS GDP GNP GNP PER CAPITA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPORT LICENSING IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORTS INCOME INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORIES LEVIES MACROECONOMIC POLICIES MONETARY POLICIES MULTILATERAL TRADE NATURAL RESOURCES OIL OPEN ECONOMIES PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS POLITICAL ECONOMY POSITIVE EFFECTS POVERTY LINE PRODUCERS PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW REAL EFFECTIVE EXCHANGE RATE REFORM PROGRAMS REVENUE COLLECTION REVENUE PERFORMANCE REVENUE SOURCES SAHARA SAHEL SMUGGLING STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF REFORM TAX TAX RATES TAX REFORM TAX REVENUE TAXATION TERMS OF TRADE TIMBER TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DIVERSION TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY REFORM TRADE POLICY REFORMS TRADE PREFERENCES TRADE REFORM TRADE REFORMS TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADE TAXES TRANSPARENCY TREASURY UNEMPLOYMENT UTILITIES WAGES WELFARE GAINS WTO Zafar, Ali Revenue and the Fiscal Impact of Liberalization : The Case of Niger |
| geographic_facet |
Africa Niger |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3500 |
| description |
Using data collected during several missions, the author finds that the principal reasons for low revenue mobilization are (1) the adverse fiscal impact of trade liberalization, (2) the defiscalization of agriculture in the 1970s, (3) the collapse of the uranium boom in the 1980s, and (4) the poor record of the VAT in mobilizing revenue. The large reduction in tariffs during the 1980s and 1990s in the context of structural adjustment programs and West African regional integration initiatives had adverse effects on trade tax revenue during the period 1980 2003. But higher import levels after 1994 succeeded in partially mitigating the revenue losses. The experience of Niger shows that without accompanying macroeconomic policies, parallel improvements in tax and customs administration, and success in mobilizing domestic taxes, most notably the VAT, trade reform can have adverse fiscal consequences. Using a SMART model partial equilibrium analysis developed by UNCTAD for researchers and negotiators at multilateral trade rounds, the author simulated three different tariff shocks to test the fiscal and trade implications of additional trade liberalization in Niger. First, the preferred tariff regime in terms of overall fiscal and job creation impact was the harmonized Swiss formula in contrast to a 10 and 15 percent uniform tariff. Second, a possible Regional Economic Partnership Agreement (REPA) between the European Union and l'Union Economique et Monetaire Ouest-Africaine (UEMOA) by 2015 that would abolish duties on EU imports to the UEMOA countries would have negative fiscal effects on Niger of more than 1 percent of GDP, positive effects on trade creation of about 1.5 percent of GDP, and ambiguous effects on local industry. While there will be some welfare gains for consumers and importers from lower import tariffs and the possibility of trade creation, the fiscal losses and adjustment costs would be significant, particularly in the machinery and transport sectors. Third, there are asymmetric gains and losses from regional integration and tariff changes, and a 10 percent uniform tariff would have the greatest impact on Benin and Senegal and some impact on Niger and Togo. In sum, further trade liberalization in Niger will have significant fiscal costs, partially offset by trade creation through increased imports. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Zafar, Ali |
| author_facet |
Zafar, Ali |
| author_sort |
Zafar, Ali |
| title |
Revenue and the Fiscal Impact of Liberalization : The Case of Niger |
| title_short |
Revenue and the Fiscal Impact of Liberalization : The Case of Niger |
| title_full |
Revenue and the Fiscal Impact of Liberalization : The Case of Niger |
| title_fullStr |
Revenue and the Fiscal Impact of Liberalization : The Case of Niger |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Revenue and the Fiscal Impact of Liberalization : The Case of Niger |
| title_sort |
revenue and the fiscal impact of liberalization : the case of niger |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/02/5604264/revenue-fiscal-impact-liberalization-case-niger http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8889 |
| _version_ |
1764406917346623488 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-88892021-04-23T14:02:42Z Revenue and the Fiscal Impact of Liberalization : The Case of Niger Zafar, Ali ACCOUNTING ADJUSTMENT POLICIES ADVERSE EFFECTS AGRICULTURE ARABLE LAND CAPITAL GOODS COMMERCIAL POLICY COMMODITY TAXES COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMERS CUSTOMS CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION DEVALUATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMISTS ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EQUILIBRIUM EVASION EXCHANGE RATE EXPORT DUTIES EXPORT EARNINGS EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT TAX EXPORT TAXES EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXPORTS OF GOODS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FISCAL BALANCE FORECASTS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AREAS GDP GNP GNP PER CAPITA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPORT LICENSING IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORTS INCOME INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORIES LEVIES MACROECONOMIC POLICIES MONETARY POLICIES MULTILATERAL TRADE NATURAL RESOURCES OIL OPEN ECONOMIES PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS POLITICAL ECONOMY POSITIVE EFFECTS POVERTY LINE PRODUCERS PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW REAL EFFECTIVE EXCHANGE RATE REFORM PROGRAMS REVENUE COLLECTION REVENUE PERFORMANCE REVENUE SOURCES SAHARA SAHEL SMUGGLING STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF REFORM TAX TAX RATES TAX REFORM TAX REVENUE TAXATION TERMS OF TRADE TIMBER TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DIVERSION TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY REFORM TRADE POLICY REFORMS TRADE PREFERENCES TRADE REFORM TRADE REFORMS TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADE TAXES TRANSPARENCY TREASURY UNEMPLOYMENT UTILITIES WAGES WELFARE GAINS WTO Using data collected during several missions, the author finds that the principal reasons for low revenue mobilization are (1) the adverse fiscal impact of trade liberalization, (2) the defiscalization of agriculture in the 1970s, (3) the collapse of the uranium boom in the 1980s, and (4) the poor record of the VAT in mobilizing revenue. The large reduction in tariffs during the 1980s and 1990s in the context of structural adjustment programs and West African regional integration initiatives had adverse effects on trade tax revenue during the period 1980 2003. But higher import levels after 1994 succeeded in partially mitigating the revenue losses. The experience of Niger shows that without accompanying macroeconomic policies, parallel improvements in tax and customs administration, and success in mobilizing domestic taxes, most notably the VAT, trade reform can have adverse fiscal consequences. Using a SMART model partial equilibrium analysis developed by UNCTAD for researchers and negotiators at multilateral trade rounds, the author simulated three different tariff shocks to test the fiscal and trade implications of additional trade liberalization in Niger. First, the preferred tariff regime in terms of overall fiscal and job creation impact was the harmonized Swiss formula in contrast to a 10 and 15 percent uniform tariff. Second, a possible Regional Economic Partnership Agreement (REPA) between the European Union and l'Union Economique et Monetaire Ouest-Africaine (UEMOA) by 2015 that would abolish duties on EU imports to the UEMOA countries would have negative fiscal effects on Niger of more than 1 percent of GDP, positive effects on trade creation of about 1.5 percent of GDP, and ambiguous effects on local industry. While there will be some welfare gains for consumers and importers from lower import tariffs and the possibility of trade creation, the fiscal losses and adjustment costs would be significant, particularly in the machinery and transport sectors. Third, there are asymmetric gains and losses from regional integration and tariff changes, and a 10 percent uniform tariff would have the greatest impact on Benin and Senegal and some impact on Niger and Togo. In sum, further trade liberalization in Niger will have significant fiscal costs, partially offset by trade creation through increased imports. 2012-06-22T21:40:36Z 2012-06-22T21:40:36Z 2005-02 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/02/5604264/revenue-fiscal-impact-liberalization-case-niger http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8889 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3500 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Africa Niger |