The Demographic Benefit of International Migration : Hypothesis and Application to Middle Eastern and North African Contexts
The view that international migration has no impact on the size of world population is a sensible one. But the author argues, migration from developing to more industrial countries during the past decades may have resulted in a smaller world population than the one which would have been attained had...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/11/7155097/demographic-benefit-international-migration-hypothesis-application-middle-eastern-north-african-contexts http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9287 |
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okr-10986-9287 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
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English en_US |
| topic |
AGE AT MARRIAGE ALIENS AUTONOMY BASIC NEEDS BIRTH CONTROL BIRTH RATE BIRTH RATES BORDERS BRAIN DRAIN CHILDBEARING CHILDREN PER WOMAN CHOICE OF PARTNER CITIZENS CONTRACEPTION COUNTRIES OF DEPARTURE COUNTRIES OF DESTINATION COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CULTURAL CONTEXT CULTURAL MODELS DEATH RATES DECLINE OF FERTILITY DECLINES IN FERTILITY DEMOCRACY DEMOGRAPHERS DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT DEMOGRAPHIC PRESSURES DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS DEMOGRAPHY DEPENDENCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DOWRY DYING EARLY MARRIAGE EDUCATION EDUCATION OF CHILDREN EMIGRANTS EMIGRATION EXPATRIATES EXTERNAL MIGRATION FAMILY REUNIFICATION FAMILY SIZE FEMALE EDUCATION FERTILITY FERTILITY DECLINE FERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS FERTILITY RATE FERTILITY RATES FERTILITY SURVEY FERTILITY TRANSITION FORECASTING GENDER HEALTH HEALTH CARE HOME COUNTRIES HOST COUNTRIES HOST POPULATION HOST SOCIETY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN POPULATIONS HUSBANDS IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION IMPACT OF MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LABOR FORCE LABOR MIGRANTS LABOR MIGRATION LARGER FAMILIES LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVEL OF FERTILITY LEVELS OF FERTILITY LIVING CONDITIONS LOCAL COMMUNITY LOWER BIRTH RATES LOWER FERTILITY MARRIED WOMEN MASS EDUCATION MATERIAL RESOURCES MEDIA MIDDLE EASTERN MIGRANT MIGRANT POPULATIONS MIGRANTS MIGRATION FLOWS MIGRATION STATISTICS MIGRATIONS MOBILITY MODERNIZATION MORTALITY NATIONAL BOUNDARIES NATIONAL POPULATION NATIONAL POPULATIONS NUMBER OF CHILDREN OVERPOPULATION PARENTS POINT OF DEPARTURE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH DIVISION POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION CENSUS POPULATION CHANGE POPULATION COUNCIL POPULATION DATA POPULATION DATA COLLECTION POPULATION DENSITY POPULATION FORECASTING POPULATION MIGRATION POPULATION MOVEMENTS POPULATION POLICY POPULATION PROJECTIONS PROCREATION PROGRESS RAPID POPULATION GROWTH RATE OF GROWTH RATE OF MIGRATION REMITTANCES REPRODUCTION REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR RESPECT RETURNEES SEX SEX PREFERENCE SEX RATIO SOCIAL GROUPS SOCIAL SCIENCE SOCIAL UPHEAVAL SOCIETIES STATE POLICIES TRADITIONAL FAMILY URBANIZATION WAR WELFARE STATE WORLD POPULATION YOUNG GIRLS YOUTH |
| spellingShingle |
AGE AT MARRIAGE ALIENS AUTONOMY BASIC NEEDS BIRTH CONTROL BIRTH RATE BIRTH RATES BORDERS BRAIN DRAIN CHILDBEARING CHILDREN PER WOMAN CHOICE OF PARTNER CITIZENS CONTRACEPTION COUNTRIES OF DEPARTURE COUNTRIES OF DESTINATION COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CULTURAL CONTEXT CULTURAL MODELS DEATH RATES DECLINE OF FERTILITY DECLINES IN FERTILITY DEMOCRACY DEMOGRAPHERS DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT DEMOGRAPHIC PRESSURES DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS DEMOGRAPHY DEPENDENCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DOWRY DYING EARLY MARRIAGE EDUCATION EDUCATION OF CHILDREN EMIGRANTS EMIGRATION EXPATRIATES EXTERNAL MIGRATION FAMILY REUNIFICATION FAMILY SIZE FEMALE EDUCATION FERTILITY FERTILITY DECLINE FERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS FERTILITY RATE FERTILITY RATES FERTILITY SURVEY FERTILITY TRANSITION FORECASTING GENDER HEALTH HEALTH CARE HOME COUNTRIES HOST COUNTRIES HOST POPULATION HOST SOCIETY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN POPULATIONS HUSBANDS IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION IMPACT OF MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LABOR FORCE LABOR MIGRANTS LABOR MIGRATION LARGER FAMILIES LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVEL OF FERTILITY LEVELS OF FERTILITY LIVING CONDITIONS LOCAL COMMUNITY LOWER BIRTH RATES LOWER FERTILITY MARRIED WOMEN MASS EDUCATION MATERIAL RESOURCES MEDIA MIDDLE EASTERN MIGRANT MIGRANT POPULATIONS MIGRANTS MIGRATION FLOWS MIGRATION STATISTICS MIGRATIONS MOBILITY MODERNIZATION MORTALITY NATIONAL BOUNDARIES NATIONAL POPULATION NATIONAL POPULATIONS NUMBER OF CHILDREN OVERPOPULATION PARENTS POINT OF DEPARTURE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH DIVISION POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION CENSUS POPULATION CHANGE POPULATION COUNCIL POPULATION DATA POPULATION DATA COLLECTION POPULATION DENSITY POPULATION FORECASTING POPULATION MIGRATION POPULATION MOVEMENTS POPULATION POLICY POPULATION PROJECTIONS PROCREATION PROGRESS RAPID POPULATION GROWTH RATE OF GROWTH RATE OF MIGRATION REMITTANCES REPRODUCTION REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR RESPECT RETURNEES SEX SEX PREFERENCE SEX RATIO SOCIAL GROUPS SOCIAL SCIENCE SOCIAL UPHEAVAL SOCIETIES STATE POLICIES TRADITIONAL FAMILY URBANIZATION WAR WELFARE STATE WORLD POPULATION YOUNG GIRLS YOUTH Fargues, Philippe The Demographic Benefit of International Migration : Hypothesis and Application to Middle Eastern and North African Contexts |
| geographic_facet |
Middle East and North Africa |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4050 |
| description |
The view that international migration has no impact on the size of world population is a sensible one. But the author argues, migration from developing to more industrial countries during the past decades may have resulted in a smaller world population than the one which would have been attained had no international migration taken place for two reasons: most of recent migration has been from high to low birth-rate countries, and migrants typically adopt and send back to their home countries models and ideas that prevail in host countries. Thus, migrants are potential agents of the diffusion of demographic modernity, that is, the reduction of birth rates among nonmigrant communities left behind in origin countries. This hypothesis is tested with data from Morocco and Turkey where most emigrants are bound for the West, and Egypt where they are bound for the Gulf. The demographic differentials encountered through migration in these three countries offer contrasted situations-host countries are either more (the West) or less (the Gulf) advanced in their demographic transition than the home country. Assuming migration changes the course of demographic transition in origin countries, the author posits that it should work in two opposite directions-speeding it up in Morocco and Turkey and slowing it down in Egypt. Empirical evidence confirms this hypothesis. Time series of birth rates and migrant remittances (reflecting the intensity of the relationship kept by emigrants with their home country) are strongly correlated with each other. Correlation is negative for Morocco and Turkey, and positive for Egypt. This suggests that Moroccan and Turkish emigration to Europe has been accompanied by a fundamental change of attitudes regarding marriage and birth, while Egyptian migration to the Gulf has not brought home innovative attitudes in this domain, but rather material resources for the achievement of traditional family goals. Other data suggest that emigration has fostered education in Morocco and Turkey but not in Egypt. And as has been found in the literature, education is the single most important determinant of demographic transition among nonmigrant populations in migrants' regions of origin. Two broader conclusions are drawn. First, the acceleration of the demographic transition in Morocco and Turkey is correlated with migration to Europe, a region where low birth-rates is the dominant pattern. This suggests that international migration may have produced a global demographic benefit under the form of a relaxation of demographic pressures for the world as a whole. Second, if it turns out that emigrants are conveyors of new ideas in matters related with family and education, then the same may apply to a wider range of civil behavior. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Fargues, Philippe |
| author_facet |
Fargues, Philippe |
| author_sort |
Fargues, Philippe |
| title |
The Demographic Benefit of International Migration : Hypothesis and Application to Middle Eastern and North African Contexts |
| title_short |
The Demographic Benefit of International Migration : Hypothesis and Application to Middle Eastern and North African Contexts |
| title_full |
The Demographic Benefit of International Migration : Hypothesis and Application to Middle Eastern and North African Contexts |
| title_fullStr |
The Demographic Benefit of International Migration : Hypothesis and Application to Middle Eastern and North African Contexts |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Demographic Benefit of International Migration : Hypothesis and Application to Middle Eastern and North African Contexts |
| title_sort |
demographic benefit of international migration : hypothesis and application to middle eastern and north african contexts |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/11/7155097/demographic-benefit-international-migration-hypothesis-application-middle-eastern-north-african-contexts http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9287 |
| _version_ |
1764406832129900544 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-92872021-04-23T14:02:41Z The Demographic Benefit of International Migration : Hypothesis and Application to Middle Eastern and North African Contexts Fargues, Philippe AGE AT MARRIAGE ALIENS AUTONOMY BASIC NEEDS BIRTH CONTROL BIRTH RATE BIRTH RATES BORDERS BRAIN DRAIN CHILDBEARING CHILDREN PER WOMAN CHOICE OF PARTNER CITIZENS CONTRACEPTION COUNTRIES OF DEPARTURE COUNTRIES OF DESTINATION COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CULTURAL CONTEXT CULTURAL MODELS DEATH RATES DECLINE OF FERTILITY DECLINES IN FERTILITY DEMOCRACY DEMOGRAPHERS DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT DEMOGRAPHIC PRESSURES DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS DEMOGRAPHY DEPENDENCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DOWRY DYING EARLY MARRIAGE EDUCATION EDUCATION OF CHILDREN EMIGRANTS EMIGRATION EXPATRIATES EXTERNAL MIGRATION FAMILY REUNIFICATION FAMILY SIZE FEMALE EDUCATION FERTILITY FERTILITY DECLINE FERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS FERTILITY RATE FERTILITY RATES FERTILITY SURVEY FERTILITY TRANSITION FORECASTING GENDER HEALTH HEALTH CARE HOME COUNTRIES HOST COUNTRIES HOST POPULATION HOST SOCIETY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN POPULATIONS HUSBANDS IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION IMPACT OF MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LABOR FORCE LABOR MIGRANTS LABOR MIGRATION LARGER FAMILIES LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVEL OF FERTILITY LEVELS OF FERTILITY LIVING CONDITIONS LOCAL COMMUNITY LOWER BIRTH RATES LOWER FERTILITY MARRIED WOMEN MASS EDUCATION MATERIAL RESOURCES MEDIA MIDDLE EASTERN MIGRANT MIGRANT POPULATIONS MIGRANTS MIGRATION FLOWS MIGRATION STATISTICS MIGRATIONS MOBILITY MODERNIZATION MORTALITY NATIONAL BOUNDARIES NATIONAL POPULATION NATIONAL POPULATIONS NUMBER OF CHILDREN OVERPOPULATION PARENTS POINT OF DEPARTURE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH DIVISION POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION CENSUS POPULATION CHANGE POPULATION COUNCIL POPULATION DATA POPULATION DATA COLLECTION POPULATION DENSITY POPULATION FORECASTING POPULATION MIGRATION POPULATION MOVEMENTS POPULATION POLICY POPULATION PROJECTIONS PROCREATION PROGRESS RAPID POPULATION GROWTH RATE OF GROWTH RATE OF MIGRATION REMITTANCES REPRODUCTION REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR RESPECT RETURNEES SEX SEX PREFERENCE SEX RATIO SOCIAL GROUPS SOCIAL SCIENCE SOCIAL UPHEAVAL SOCIETIES STATE POLICIES TRADITIONAL FAMILY URBANIZATION WAR WELFARE STATE WORLD POPULATION YOUNG GIRLS YOUTH The view that international migration has no impact on the size of world population is a sensible one. But the author argues, migration from developing to more industrial countries during the past decades may have resulted in a smaller world population than the one which would have been attained had no international migration taken place for two reasons: most of recent migration has been from high to low birth-rate countries, and migrants typically adopt and send back to their home countries models and ideas that prevail in host countries. Thus, migrants are potential agents of the diffusion of demographic modernity, that is, the reduction of birth rates among nonmigrant communities left behind in origin countries. This hypothesis is tested with data from Morocco and Turkey where most emigrants are bound for the West, and Egypt where they are bound for the Gulf. The demographic differentials encountered through migration in these three countries offer contrasted situations-host countries are either more (the West) or less (the Gulf) advanced in their demographic transition than the home country. Assuming migration changes the course of demographic transition in origin countries, the author posits that it should work in two opposite directions-speeding it up in Morocco and Turkey and slowing it down in Egypt. Empirical evidence confirms this hypothesis. Time series of birth rates and migrant remittances (reflecting the intensity of the relationship kept by emigrants with their home country) are strongly correlated with each other. Correlation is negative for Morocco and Turkey, and positive for Egypt. This suggests that Moroccan and Turkish emigration to Europe has been accompanied by a fundamental change of attitudes regarding marriage and birth, while Egyptian migration to the Gulf has not brought home innovative attitudes in this domain, but rather material resources for the achievement of traditional family goals. Other data suggest that emigration has fostered education in Morocco and Turkey but not in Egypt. And as has been found in the literature, education is the single most important determinant of demographic transition among nonmigrant populations in migrants' regions of origin. Two broader conclusions are drawn. First, the acceleration of the demographic transition in Morocco and Turkey is correlated with migration to Europe, a region where low birth-rates is the dominant pattern. This suggests that international migration may have produced a global demographic benefit under the form of a relaxation of demographic pressures for the world as a whole. Second, if it turns out that emigrants are conveyors of new ideas in matters related with family and education, then the same may apply to a wider range of civil behavior. 2012-06-26T20:09:47Z 2012-06-26T20:09:47Z 2006-11-01 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/11/7155097/demographic-benefit-international-migration-hypothesis-application-middle-eastern-north-african-contexts http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9287 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4050 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Middle East and North Africa |